湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3): 143-149.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.03.023

• 药用植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于正交试验的麻城菊花栽培模式优化及其对产量品质的影响

欧文华1,2, 何林1,2, 邓宏林3, 鲍瑜4, 梅之南1,2   

  1. 1.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉 430070;
    2.果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,武汉 430070;
    3.麻城市黄土岗镇农业服务中心,湖北 黄冈 438329;
    4.湖北省农业科学院,武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 梅之南(1970-),男,教授,博士,主要从事中药资源与创新药物研发工作,(电子信箱)meizhinan@163.com;鲍 瑜(1983-),女,副研究员,硕士,主要从事农业科技管理及战略研究,(电子信箱)20096555@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:欧文华(2004-),女,湖南永州人,主要从事药用植物栽培研究,(电子信箱)2910594439@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家中医药管理局科技专项课题(GZK-KJS-025-003); 湖北省科技服务中药材产业链“515”行动项目(协同推广)

Optimization of cultivation patterns for Macheng chrysanthemum based on orthogonal experiment and its effects on yield and quality

OU Wen-hua1,2, HE Lin1,2, DENG Hong-lin3, BAO Yu4, MEI Zhi-nan1,2   

  1. 1. College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
    2. National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China;
    3. Huangtugang Town Agricultural Service Center of Macheng City, Huanggang 438329, Hubei, China;
    4. Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • Received:2026-01-12 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-09

摘要: 针对麻城菊花生产中栽培技术碎片化及产量与品质难以协同提升的问题,采用四因素三水平正交试验设计,系统探究品种(早花福白菊、福白菊、杭白菊)、种植密度(37 500、45 000、52 500株/hm2)、打顶次数(2、3、4次)及有机肥替代率(20%、30%、40%)对菊花产量与品质的影响。结果表明,品种是影响菊花品质的决定性因素,早花福白菊绿原酸平均含量为0.597%,是杭白菊平均含量的2.6倍;异绿原酸A平均含量为1.211%,是杭白菊的2.7倍。有机肥替代率对产量和品质均有显著影响,20%替代率处理平均产量为10 205.28 kg/hm2,综合表现最优。打顶次数对部分品质指标有提升作用,但综合表现以2次打顶为优。极差分析显示,对产量影响的主次顺序为有机肥替代率>品种>打顶次数>种植密度;对绿原酸含量影响的主次顺序为品种>有机肥替代率>打顶次数>种植密度。综合产量与品质表现,推荐最优栽培方案为早花福白菊+37 500株/hm2+2次打顶+20%有机肥替代率,该组合预期可实现产量9 348.90 kg/hm2,绿原酸含量 0.630%,异绿原酸A含量1.262%,综合评分62.83分,实现产量与品质的协同提升。

关键词: 菊花, 正交试验, 产量, 品质, 栽培技术优化

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of fragmented cultivation techniques and the difficulty in synergistically improving yield and quality in chrysanthemum production in Macheng, a four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment design was adopted to systematically investigate the effects of cultivar (early-flowering Fubaiju, Fubaiju, Hangbaiju), planting density (37 500,45 000,52 500 plants/hm2), pinching frequency (2, 3, 4 times), and organic fertilizer substitution rate (20%, 30%, 40%) on the yield and quality of chrysanthemum. The results showed that cultivar was the decisive factor affecting chrysanthemum quality. The average chlorogenic acid content in early-flowering Fubaiju was 0.597%, 2.6 times that of Hangbaiju; the average isochlorogenic acid A content was 1.211%, 2.7 times that of Hangbaiju. The organic fertilizer substitution rate significantly affected both yield and quality. The treatment with a 20% substitution rate achieved an average yield of 10 205.28 kg/hm2 and showed the best overall performance. Pinching frequency improved some quality indicators, but a frequency of 2 times showed the best comprehensive performance. Range analysis indicated that the order of factors affecting yield was: Organic fertilizer substitution rate > cultivar > pinching frequency > planting density. The order for chlorogenic acid content was: Cultivar > organic fertilizer substitution rate > pinching frequency > planting density. Based on comprehensive yield and quality performance, the optimal cultivation scheme was recommended as: Early-flowering Fubaiju + 37 500 plants/hm2 + 2 pinching times + 20% organic fertilizer substitution rate. This combination was expected to achieve a yield of 9 348.90 kg/hm2, a chlorogenic acid content of 0.630%, an isochlorogenic acid A content of 1.262%, and a comprehensive score of 62.83, realizing the synergistic improvement of yield and quality.

Key words: chrysanthemum, orthogonal experiment, yield, quality, cultivation technique optimization

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