Abstract: The experimental data of 2 075 new varieties of national winter and spring rapeseed from 2002 to 2016 were analyzed. It was found that the new varieties of rapeseed tested in China were mainly hybrid varieties, accounting for 90.84%. The coefficient of variation of main characters in winter rapeseed area was yield per plant（0.29）>effective pod number per plant（0.26）>yield（0.15）>grain number per pod（0.11）>1 000-grain weight（0.10）>seed oil content（0.06）. The coefficient of variation of main characters in spring rapeseed area was yield per plant（0.25）>effective pod number per plant（0.20）>yield（0.12）>1 000-grain weight（0.08）>grain number per pod（0.06）>seed oil content（0.05）. The overall yield showed an upward trend, and the yield of spring rapeseed area was significantly higher than that of other areas. The yield per plant and the number of effective kernels per plant showed a downward trend as a whole, and the two indexes in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were higher than those in other regions. The grain number per pod and the thousand-grain weight of each of the five areas in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, the Huanghuai area and the spring rapeseed area were extremely significantly or significantly related to the yield of the rapeseed. In spring rapeseed area, the yield had significant positively correlation to the grain number per pod, whereas in the upper, middle and lower Yanglze river and Huanghuai area rapeseed area they had extremely significantly or significantly negatively correlation. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield per plant and the yield of rapeseed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, Huanghuai and spring rapeseed area. The number of effective kernels per plant was positively correlated with the yield per plant, and the yield was positively correlated with the oil content of seeds. Therefore, increasing the grain number per pod and 1000-grain weight of new rape varieties will be the most important thing in the genetic improvement of rapeseed in China.

Key words: rapeseed, regional test variety, yield, quality