Abstract: Based on the premise of whether it is necessary to identify the poor, this study systematically sorted out the concepts and policies of social assistance in ancient Chinese society and Western countries, and explored the economic and social reasons behind the policies, the actual effects of the policies, the influence and defects of the policies. On the premise of poor personnel identification differentiation assistance and comprehensive security system, this paper compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of them. The results show that the identification of relief for poor personnel effect is more accurate, less demand for national finance capital support, less impact on social justice, the positive influence to the economic and social development is better. Its advantages are comprehensive security system or universal cash benefit scheme can not be compared. Whether it is to deal with the specific poverty caused by the normal factors or the poverty caused by the sudden social crisis, we should adhere to the differential social relief mode based on the premise of the identification of the poor.

Key words: poverty governance, identification, comprehensively ensure, policy effect