Abstract: Under the background of “the Belt and Road Initiative”, the agricultural products trade between China and five Central Asian countries was taken as the research object, and the trade volume and structure of agricultural trade were analyzed. The results showed that the import and export market of agricultural products between China and five Central Asian countries was unbalanced and had a single structure. China’s agricultural economic development was highly dependent on five Central Asian countries, and suggestions were put forward as follows： improve the level of agricultural trade facilitation between China and five Central Asian countries; improve the quality of agricultural products to form differentiated agricultural products; deepen agricultural trade exchanges and cooperation between China and five Central Asian countries, promote China and five Central Asian countries to establish a new space for long-term and stable economic development in agricultural trade, and practice the purpose and goal of the “the Belt and Road Initiative”.

Key words: the Belt and Road Initiative, China and five Central Asian countries, agricultural product, trade volume and trade structure