Abstract: The yield components, yield and rice quality of 74 varieties in the 2017 Hubei mid-season regional trial summary report were selected. Firstly, cluster analysis was carried out by panical weight, and the classification standard of panicle weigh were determined by reference to the classification of predecessors. The relationship among panicle weight, yield was analyzed by regression analysis. Finally, the correlation between panicle type and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in panicle traits among 74 rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars. The coefficients of variation according to the order from big to small was 1 000-grain weight, grain number, panicle weight, panicle number, seed setting rate, panicle length. According to the results of cluster analysis and reference to the classification standard of predecessors,74 varieties were divided into three categories according to panicle weights, the panicle weight was larger than 4.25 g for heavy panicle type, and the panicle weight was less than 3.60 g for thin panicle type. The middle panicle type was between the two; The panicle length, the number of grains, the seed setting rate, the 1 000-grain weight, the panicle weight, of heavy panicle type were significantly different with the thin panicle type and the middle panicle type; Yield increased with panicle weight, yield was significantly positively correlated with panicle weight（F=11.28）; The appearance quality（chalky grain rate, chalkiness）,cooking quality（gel consistency, alkali elimination） was better than thin panicle type or the middle panicle type. Therefore, in order to ensure the high yield and high quality of the new varieties to be selected, it was necessary to increase the panicle weight as much as possible.

Key words: rice （Oryza sativa L.）, panicle weight, panicle type, yield, quality