Abstract: The realistic proposition, core direction and theoretical logic that the rural revitalization strategy pays attention to must be reviewed and reconsidered under the historic general task of modernization. China’s modernization have corrected Smith’s tendency to replace the modernization of men with modernization of things, it pays attention to the key role of system construction in social structure and highlights the modernization of men in Hegel’s path, which has been weakened by the suppression of system modernization. In essence, China’s modernization is how to realize the modernization of peasants in the big country who are “poor, stupid, weak and private” it is a process of continuous rural revitalization, which is based on the modernization of “things” and takes the system modernization as intermediary and the modernization of men as the most essential aspect. It has experienced three stages of nearly one hundred years of practice, which are the hard exploration of “rebuilding the new people” by the rural construction school and “turning over to be the master” by the revolutionaries who wanted to smash the old world, the rapid evolution of modernization led by the country and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. The rural revitalization strategy follows the theoretical logic of modernization. In the process of the strategy implementation, we need to deal with the “three relationships” and unblock the “three approaches”.

Key words: rural revitalization, theoretical logic, modernization of human