Table of Content

25 April 2023, Volume 62 Issue 4

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Breeding & Cultivation

Application of a comprehensive evaluation system with a combination weighting method based on game theory in soybean regional test

ZAN Kai, CHEN Ya-guang, XU Shu-xia, ZHOU Qing, WANG Feng-ju, YANG Hui-feng, ZHENG Li-min, GUO Hai-fang, LI Ming-jun, LIU Ting

2023, 62(4):  1-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.001

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15 soybean varieties（lines） from the summer soybean [Glycine max （Linn.） Merr.] regional test in Henan Province in 2014 were comprehensively evaluated based on a comprehensive evaluation system which was constructed with the method of analytic hierarchy process（AHP）, entropy weight method and combination weighting method based on game theory, thus to provide a method and basis for the reasonable evaluation of the tested lines in the soybean regional test. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the combined weights determined by the combination weighting method based on game theory and the weights determined by AHP was 0.897（P<0.01）, and this value was 0.282（P>0.05） between the combined weights and weights determined by entropy weight method. There were no significant differences in the comprehensive scores among the three weighting methods. The correlation coefficient of the comprehensive score ranking between the combination weighting method based on game theory and the analytic hierarchy process was 0.872 （P<0.01）, and this value between the combination weighting method based on game theory and the entropy method was 0.603 （P<0.05）, respectively. It showed good consistency with the actual performance, certification and promotion of the lines. The above results indicated that the evaluation system constructed with the combination weighting based on game theory could scientifically and reasonably determine the weights of the indicators in the soybean comprehensive evaluation system, and the comprehensive evaluation system constructed based on this could make a reasonable evaluation of the comprehensive performance of the tested lines in the soybean regional test.

Effects of different concentrations of seaweed fertilizer on the growth of wheat seedlings

CUI Sai, LIU Shuang, ZHANG Mei-ling, WANG Shan-shan, GE Zhen-yu, WANG Chun-nan, CHENG Dong-juan, WANG Jian-xiao

2023, 62(4):  7-11.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.002

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In order to improve the stress resistance of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） seedling growth, a single factor experiment was conducted to study the effects of seven different concentrations （0, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, and 3.00 g/L） of seaweed humic acid balanced nutrient solution on plant height, stem diameter, and various physiological indicators of wheat seedlings using pot culture. The results showed that seaweed humic acid balanced nutrient solution could promote the growth of wheat seedlings. With the increase of fertilizer concentration, the plant height, stem diameter, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, vitamin C content, proline content, soluble carbohydrate content and chlorophyll content in wheat showed a trend of first increasing at first and then decreasing. On the whole, the optimum concentration of seaweed humic acid balanced nutrient solution for wheat growth in this experiment was 2.00 g/L.

Resource & Environment

Analysis of land-use change and driving factors in two decades before and after returning farmland to forest in Yan’an City

WANG Xiao-fei, SUN Zhi-hui, LIU Zhi-chao, CAO Xue-mei

2023, 62(4):  12-19.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.003

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Using 7 periods of remote sensing data of land use types from 1980 to 2020 and the data of precipitation, temperature, population and GDP from 1981 to 2020, the changes of the spatial pattern of national land and its response to climate change before and after the reforestation of Yan’an City were analyzed by using mathematical statistics and transfer matrix. The results showed that before the grain for green, under the dual influence of drought and population increase, grass seed land was destroyed and the area of cultivated land had increased by 327.24 km² in Yan’an City. And after the grain for green, the cultivated land decreased by 2 421.84 km². The decrease period was mainly concentrated from 2000 to 2010, accounting for 94.1% of the reduction area of the cultivated land. The cultivated land was mainly converted into forest and grass land. The area of forest land in Yan’an increased by 923.43 km², with the most obvious change in other forest land, accounting for 65.9% of the increasing area of forest land, followed by shrubland, the increasing area accounting for 25.2%. The area of grassland in Yan’an City increased by 1 362.02 km² after the grain for green, with 338.63, 1 186.41 km² of high and medium cover grassland respectively, while low cover grassland remained basically unchanged. After 2000, the increase in precipitation and high temperature in Yan’an City, especially in the northern part of Yan’an City, where annual precipitation reached 520 mm or more, were the main reasons for the formation of woodland and medium and high cover grassland. Land use changes were mainly concentrated in the northern part of Yan’an City, and the area of low-cover grassland in the northern part accounted for 17.1% of the land area of the northern counties and urban areas in 2020, but the ecology was still fragile, and the continued warming and increasing uncertainty of climate seriously restricted the ecological recovery in the northern part of Yan’an City, which needed policy support and continuous attention.

Study on the driving effect of attached algae growth on the degradation of submerged macrophytes in HCO₃-Ca karst lake

CHAI Xiao-zhen, LIU Shu-min

2023, 62(4):  20-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.004

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Taking Lingshui Lake, a typical HCO₃-Ca type submerged vegetation degraded karst lake, as the research object, through the laboratory simulation experiment of adding Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- concentration gradient, the change of chlorophyll a concentration of submerged macrophytes attached algae under different nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration levels was explored. The results showed that adding only Ca²⁺ or HCO₃^- in different groups could promote the increase of algae chlorophyll a concentration under different nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient levels. Adding Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- in different groups also significantly promoted the growth of attached algae, and showed an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration.

Study on nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate of dominant aquatic plants in Huma River section of spawning grounds of Oncorhynchus keta

LU Wan-qiao, LI Pei-lun, LIU Wei, TANG Fu-jiang, WANG Ji-long

2023, 62(4):  27-31.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.005

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Due to environmental changes and human interference, the spawning grounds of Oncorhynchus keta in the Huma River section breeds a large number of submerged aquatic plants that are not conducive to their breeding.In order to repair the spawning grounds, from October 2018 to January 2019, through the design of indoor experiments and mathematical statistics processing, the N and P absorption rate of several dominant aquatic plants in this section of water （Chara vulgaris, Fontinalis hypnoides and Spirogyra communis） were explored. The results showed that the three plants had different optimal absorption rates of N and P in different N/P nutrient salt solutions. The purpose of this study was to provide the relevant basis and theoretical basis for the restoration of Oncorhynchus keta spawning grounds in the Huma River by exploring the growth and nutrient salt absorption mechanisms of three submerged plants.

Effects of different fertilization modes on soil aggregate particle size distribution and stability in protected vegetable fields

CAO Xiu-peng, HUANG Xing-xue, ZHOU Guo-lin, ZHANG Run-hua, SHI Ling-fang, DENG Yao-hua

2023, 62(4):  32-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.006

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To investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregate in protected vegetable fields, five treatments were set up： no fertilization （CK）, conventional fertilizer （CF）, optimal fertilization （OF）, combined application of straw and conventional fertilizer （CFS） and combined application of straw and optimal fertilization （OFS）. The results showed that, compared with CK treatment, the particle size distribution of aggregates in CF and CK treatment was basically the same under dry sieving. The content of aggregates greater than 5 mm in OF treatment increased, the content of aggregates ranging from 2 to 5 mm in CFS treatment increased, and the content of aggregates less than 1 mm in OFS treatment increased; under wet sieving, OFS treatment significantly increased the content of 2~5 mm and 0.25~0.5 mm aggregates, and significantly decreased the content of microaggregates （<0.25 mm）. In addition, compared with CF and CK treatment, OFS treatment significantly increased the proportion of water stable aggregates greater than 0.25 mm（WR_0.25）, average weight diameter（MWD_{water stability}） and geometric average weight diameter（GMD_{water stability}）, and significantly reduced the aggregate structure damage rate（PAD）. Continuous single application of chemical fertilizer had little effect on the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregates, and continuous OFS treatment had the best effect on improving the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregates in vegetable fields.

Research on the driving factors of agricultural water use in the Yellow River Basin based on LMDI and decoupling model

FENG Chen, KONG Qian-hui

2023, 62(4):  37-42.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.007

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Based on the panel data of 9 provinces （regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2019, the driving factors of agricultural water use were decomposed into technical effect, economic effect, urbanization effect, and population effect through the Kaya identity, and then the LMDI model was used to explore the impact of each effect on agricultural water use. Finally, the Tapio decoupling elasticity index was introduced to further explore the response relationship between economic indicators and agricultural water use. The results showed that, on the whole, the economic effect and population effect promoted the growth of agricultural water consumption, and the economic effect was dominant; the technological effect and urbanization effect inhibited the growth of agricultural water consumption, and the technical effect was dominant. From a regional perspective, the water consumption of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shandong had declined, and agricultural water use had been effectively restrained on the whole, but Sichuan, Shanxi and Henan had not been effectively restrained. The nine provinces （regions） in the Yellow River Basin had basically achieved decoupling between agricultural water use and economic growth. Among them, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shandong had strong decoupling, and Sichuan, Shanxi and Henan had weak decoupling.

Soil erosion of Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on ¹³⁷Cs tracer method

ZHANG Zhe-yin, YI Peng, CHEN Peng

2023, 62(4):  43-49.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.008

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The Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was selected as the research area, and it was divided into five areas from west to east according to the watershed. 43 surface soil samples were collected to measure ¹³⁷Cs activity, particle size, total organic carbon （TOC） and other data, and the soil erosion status and its influencing factors in this area were analyzed. The results showed that, the specific activity of ¹³⁷Cs of the samples ranged from 0 to 23.75 Bq/kg, with an average value of 10.48 Bq/kg, which was less than the background value of 43.7 Bq/kg, and it revealed that erosion had occurred at all sample points. Slight erosion occurred in all five areas. The erosion modulus of Region III was the largest, and the value was 16.3 t/（hm²·a）. The erosion modulus of Region V was the least, and the value was 7.8 t/（hm²·a）. In the study area, the erosion thickness first increased and then decreased with the increase of the slope, and the erosion thickness was the largest near the slope of 18°. There was no significant correlation between erosion thickness and annual average precipitation, wind speed, and vegetation coverage. There was a significant negative correlation between the erosion thickness and TOC in forest soil , while the negative correlation between the two in meadow soil was not significant.

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on root growth and yield of pepper in the condition of drip irrigation under film mulching

WU Yu-xiu

2023, 62(4):  50-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.009

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A field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on root growth and yield of pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.） in the condition of drip irrigation under film mulching. Different degrees of deficient irrigation with mild deficit （W1, 3 656 m³/hm²） and moderate deficit （W2, 3 082 m³/hm²） during the flowering and fruit setting stage and full fruit stage of pepper were set up, and three nitrogen application levels of 325 kg/hm² （N1, high nitrogen）, 250 kg/hm² （N2, medium nitrogen） and 175 kg/hm² （N3, low nitrogen） were set up, with the traditional mode （irrigation rate of 4 230 m³/hm², nitrogen application rate of 325 kg/hm²） as the control treatment （CKN1）. The effects of different combinations of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate on root growth and yield of pepper, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were studied.The results showed that the amount of irrigation, nitrogen application rate and their coupling effects had significant effects on yield and root growth of pepper, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity （P<0.05）. The yield of pepper under W1N2 treatment was the highest, which was 35 189 kg/hm². Compared with other treatments, it increased by 4.37%~55.73%. And W1N2 treatment had the highest irrigation water use efficiency and high nitrogen partial factor productivity. The root growth of pepper was the highest in CKN1 treatment followed by W1N2 treatment, and there was no significant difference between the two treatments. There was no positive correlation between single irrigation amount or single nitrogen application rate and distribution parameters of the pepper root system, but the more obvious the coupling effect of water and nitrogen, the more developed the pepper root growth was. It was concluded that the optimal combination of water and nitrogen for pepper cultivation in northern Xinjiang was the irrigation amount of 3 656 m³/hm² and the nitrogen application amount of 250 kg/hm².

Spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of land economic density in Yunnan Province

ZHAO Hao, ZHENG Hong-gang

2023, 62(4):  56-62.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.010

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Taking 16 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province as an example, the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of land economic density in Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2020 were explored by using geographical detectors, Theil index, variation coefficient, relative development rate, spatial auto-correlation analysis and hot spot analysis. The results showed that, from 2011 to 2020, the land economic density of Yunnan Province showed a pattern of “high in the middle and low on both sides, high in the south and low in the northˮ, but the difference was narrowing with time. Moran’s I index value decreased first and then increased steadily, and all were positive, indicating that there was a spatial agglomeration of land economic density. The spatial agglomeration characteristics were obvious, and the hot spots were mainly concentrated in the urban agglomeration of central Yunnan. The economic driving factors such as the total retail sales of local consumer goods and per capita GDP had great explanatory power on the land economic density in Yunnan Province, and the explanatory power of any two factors interacting with each other was better than that of a single factor.

Spatial pattern and influencing factors analysis of national rural tourism key villages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

GU Fang-fang, FAN Xue-xiu, JIANG Ke-shen

2023, 62(4):  63-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.011

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In order to realize the high-quality development of rural leisure tourism, this paper conducted an empirical study on the spatial pattern and influencing factors of national rural tourism key villages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt through GIS spatial analysis. Firstly, the spatial pattern of rural leisure tourism was discussed and analyzed through the nearest neighbor index, imbalance index, kernel density analysis and hot spot analysis; secondly, buffer analy was used to analyze the main factors affecting the spatial pattern of rural leisure tourism. The results showed that, the national rural tourism key villages in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were clustered in spatial distribution and had a patchy distribution pattern of “single-core and multi-center”;the spatial distribution of national rural tourism key villages was obviously different, and the hotspot area presented a “two-core” distribution pattern; the natural environment, traffic location, social and economic development and tourism resource endowment had an important influence on the distribution pattern of national rural tourism key villages.

Evaluation and spatiotemporal evolution of agricultural water use efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt——Based on SBM-Malmquist model

MIAO Xu-fei, LI Ang, YU Yuan-meng, SU Mei

2023, 62(4):  69-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.012

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Using the SBM model and Malmquist index method, the agricultural water use efficiency of 11 provinces （cities） in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its spatiotemporal evolution trend based on nuclear density analysis tools were analyzed. The results showed that from 2011 to 2020, the overall agricultural water use efficiency of 11 provinces （cities） in the Yangtze River Economic Belt did not reach an effective state, and the average agricultural water use efficiency ranked in the following order： downstream region>upstream region>midstream region;technological progress and neutral and unbiased green technological progress were the main forces driving efficiency improvement;the concentration degree of inter-provincial differentiation of total factor production efficiency gradually weakened due to sequential changes at any time;according to spatial differentiation, the change index of total factor productivity was ranked in the order of midstream region>upstream region>downstream region. In the future, it was necessary to coordinate regional governance needs and development goals, promote the upgrading of water resources structure, strengthen scientific and technological investment and innovation, and provide impetus for improving agricultural water efficiency.

Plant Protection

The effects of 28-high brassinolide on degradation of deltamethrin residue in leek

LIAO Can, RUAN Xiang, DAI Gui-quan, XING Gao-shan, WANG Mei-mei, YIN You-dou, LI Jun-kai

2023, 62(4):  77-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.013

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In order to explore the effects of 28-high brassinolide on the degradation of deltamethrin in leeks（Allium tuberosum）, with leeks as the test material, 0.01% high-brassinolide solvable agent was used as the test agent, 0.04% 24-epbrassinolide solvable agent was used as the control agent, and water was taken as the control to spray on the leeks 1 day before deltamethrin root irrigation. The leek samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16 d after root irrigation of 20 mg/L deltamethrin, respectively. The modified QuEChERS method was used to pretreat the leek samples, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect deltamethrin residue in leek samples. The results showed that one day after deltamethrin root irrigation, the residue of deltamethrin in leeks treated with 0.01% 28-high brassinolide diluted 1 000 times was the lowest, which was 19.73% lower than that in water control. The residues of deltamethrin in leeks treated with once dilution of 0.01% 28-high brassinolide （1 000 times）, twice dilution of 0.01% 28-high brassinolide （1 000 times） and water control all reached the maximum on one day after root irrigation, which were 0.046 0, 0.058 3, 0.057 3 mg/kg, respectively. Treated with 500 times, 1 000 times and 2 000 times dilution of 0.01% 28-high brassinolactone, respectively, one day after deltamethrin root irrigation, the leeks treated with 0.01% 28-high brassinolactone dilution of 1 000 times had the lowest deltamethrin residue, which was significantly lower than water control and 0.01% 28-high brassinolactone treatment at 2 000 times dilution, but no significant difference was found between the treatment and 0.01% 28-high brassinolactone treatment at 500 times dilution.

Effects of different fertilization methods on the community structure of Collembola in black soil farmland

CHEN Wei, LIN Lin, LI Yan-qin, ZHANG Li-min

2023, 62(4):  81-88.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.014

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In order to investigate the effects of different fertilization methods on the community structure of Collembola in black soil farmland, and promote the research on Collembola diversity and black soil protection in black soil farmland, a long-term fertilizer positioning experiment was carried out in black soil farmland of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province from 2012 to 2021. Four different fertilization treatments of organic fertilizer （OM）, semi-organic fertilizer （OM+NPK）, inorganic fertilizer （NPK） and no fertilizer （CK） were set up respectively, and the community structure of the order was investigated under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that a total of 2 045 Collembola were obtained, belonging to 9 families. Under different fertilization treatments, the number of Collembola individuals was in the order of OM+NPK（537）> OM（536）> CK（523）>NPK（449）. The number of individuals and groups of Collembola in the OM and OM+NPK treatment increased significantly, among which Isotomidae increased the most. However, the number of individuals and groups of Collembola decreased in the NPK treatment group, and the increase in Isotomidae was the smallest compared with the other fertilization treatments. Compared with the CK treatment, the diversity index and richness index of Collembola were decreased in the three different fertilization treatments, and the diversity index of the OM+NPK treatment was the lowest. Redundancy analysis（RDA） showed that different environmental factors mainly affected the dominant groups and common groups of Collembola, which were significantly correlated with soil organic matter content and total potassium content. The indicator species analysis showed that Cyphoderidae was the indicator species for OM+NPK treatment, Neanuridae was the indicator species for NPK treatment, Hypogastruridae, Sminthuridae and Entomobryidae were the indicator species for CK treatment.

Advances in studies on rice false smut

LIU Chun-ping, XU Zi, GONG Hong-bo, JIN Xing-guo, WEI Jing, LIU Jing, ZHANG Yong-jun, QIU Dong-feng

2023, 62(4):  89-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.015

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Rice false smut is a fungal disease occurring in the late stage of rice. It has occurred in China and all over the world and has become one of the major diseases of rice. In recent years, a large number of scholars have devoted themselves to the study of rice resistance to false smut, and made some progress. This paper summarized the distribution and damage, the biological characteristics and the infection mechanism of rice false smut, the interaction between rice and rice false smut, and the molecular biology of rice false smut, so as to provide reference for breeding rice varieties resistant to rice false smut.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of microbial fertilizer application on growth and soil enzyme activities of Dalbergia odorifera

YU Shi-qiang, XIAO Mei, YANG Zhen-de, YU Shu-zhong

2023, 62(4):  93-97.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.016

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The seedling of Dalbergia odorifera was taken as the test material, and the comparison experiment was carried out by non-woven bag cultivation. The effects of microbial fertilizer on the growth of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings and soil enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of fungus fertilizer could obviously promote the growth of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings, enhance the resistance, strengthen the coordination among each part of the seedlings, improve the quality of the seedlings and increase the activity of rhizosphere soil enzymes. Among them, the application amount of microbial fertilizer 2 g per plant had the best effect.

Effects of different cultivation substrates on growth of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings

YU Shi-qiang, XIAO Mei, YANG Zhen-de, YU Shu-zhong

2023, 62(4):  98-102.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.017

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In order to screen out the suitable seedling substrate for the cultivation of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings, peat, perlite, sawdust and loam were used as raw materials to prepare six kinds of cultivation substrates with different proportions, and the non-woven seedling bag was used as the seedling container. The growth and physiological indexes of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings were measured after 90 days of cultivation. The results showed that there were differences in growth and physiological indexes of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings treated by different culture substrates. Among them,treatment 3（peat∶perlite∶wood sawdust∶loam=12∶2∶2∶4） showed the best morphological growth and internal physiological metabolic activity, and most indicators were significantly better than those of CK（P<0.05）. The total fresh weight, total biomass, root-shoot ratio, number of nodules per unit mass, root activity and seedling quality index were 2.37, 2.46, 1.29, 2.90, 1.31 and 2.84 times of CK, respectively. Therefore, treatment 3 was the best cultivation substrate ratio of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings in this study. In addition, matrix permeability was also one of the main factors affecting the cultivation of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings.

Effects of different treatments with promoting survival by keeping the seedlings trunks on the growth of Koelreuteria paniculata and Punica granatum transplanted seedlings

LI Xi-mei, CHEN Tong-hui, FAN Shu-miao, HONG Li-ya, LI Zong-quan, ZHANG Dang-quan, LI Ming-wan

2023, 62(4):  103-108.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.018

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In order to enhance the quality control of afforestation and improve the survival rate and growth of transplanted seedlings, common afforestation and economic trees in China, Koelreuteria paniculata and Punica granatum were taken as materials. A series of measures with promoting survival by keeping the seedlings trunks were adopted to explore the rescue strategy of delayed seedlings after transplanting by setting different treatment groups. Based on the formulation of the classification of seedling trunk germination viability, the germination survival rate, trunk survival index, growth, water content and root quality of each treatment were investigated in different periods. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment （L1 and S1）, the germination survival rate and trunk survival index of L3 and S3 were increased by 19.30, 52.01 percent point and 11.90, 13.50 percent point, respectively. The rejuvenation period was 60 and 75 days shorter than that of L1 and S1. In terms of annual growth, the average plant height and ground diameter of L3 and S3 were higher than those of other treatments, increasing by 45.33%, 57.84% and 38.14%, 81.82%, respectively. The water retention measures of L3 and S3 could effectively increase the moisture content of seedling trunks and promote the survival of roots and the germination of new roots. The proposed measures provided technical references for improving the survival rate and quality of ecological forests and economic forests.

Tea tourism development and mode optimization based on landscape perspective

SUO Guang-li, HU Jun-ming, ZHANG Jun-hui, ZHENG Fu-hai, LI Ting-ting, YU Yue-feng, ZHOU Feng-jue

2023, 62(4):  109-113.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.019

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Landscape affects human health and living environment, and tea tourism is an important development mode for the transformation of tea industry. Exploring the development of tea tourism from the perspective of landscape is helpful to provide an innovative path for the high-quality development of tea industry. Through relevant literature at home and abroad, the formation, type and circulation of tea tourism and other landscape tea garden construction contents were discussed, and combined with SWOT analysis, the connotation and development mode of tea tourism development were analyzed. It was found that insufficient resource mining, serious homogenization, neglecting ecological value, tea cultural heritage mining lagging and other phenomena seriously restricted the development of tea tourism mode. To the end, several new optimal development paths of tea tourism mode were put forward, such as constructing natural landscape ecology, enhancing tea culture carrier, mining red culture connotation and innovating national culture endowment.

The effects of environmental factors on secondary metabolite of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

WANG Wei-jie, XU Dong-chuan, ZHANG Xiu-ru, YU Ming, LIN Hui-bin

2023, 62(4):  114-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.020

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The growth of the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is subjected to various environmental stresses, which to some extent can be beneficial to the growth and development of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. This article reviewed the effects of environmental stresses such as drought, light, temperature, and soil on secondary metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis. It was hoped to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and high yield promotion of Scutellaria baicalensis by understanding the stress resistance mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Isolation, identification and characteristic analysis of three new pathogenic bacteria of Apostichopus japonicus

XU Xiao-ran, GE Chang-zi, ZHANG Yu-qun, LIU Hong-zhan

2023, 62(4):  118-122.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.021

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Three dominant pathogenic bacteria WY-1, WY-8 and LY-2 were isolated from the skin canker tissue of Apostichopus japonicus infected with severe skin rot. The isolated strains were identified by morphological observation, biochemical identification, 16S rRNA molecular identification, drug sensitivity analysis, growth characteristics analysis and other methods. WY-1, WY-8 and LY-2 were arranged in a grape-like shape on 2216E solid medium with the color of milky white, and Gram staining was positive. The artificial infection test showed that the three strains of bacteria had strong pathogenicity to pseudoacanthus japonicus, and could cause the skin ulcer and other symptoms, which were the same as natural infection symptoms. Through 16S rRNA molecular sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction, it was confirmed that the strains WY-8, WY-1 and LY-2 had the highest homology with Staphylococcus haematolyticus, Staphylococcus saprophytius and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively, and clustered into one branch in the phylogenetic tree. Combined with morphological and biochemical identification, WY-8, WY-1 and LY-2 were Staphylococcus haematolyticus,Staphylococcus saprophytius and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The drug sensitivity test showed that tetracycline and oxytetracycline, commonly used antibiotics in marine aquatic products, had inhibitory effects on three strains of pathogenic Staphylococcus. The growth characteristics test showed that the three strains of pathogenic Staphylococcus had the growth characteristics of adapting to high temperature and low salt.

Comparison analysis of infrared spectrum characteristics of body hair in different parts of Myodes rufocanus

YANG Wen-jian, ZHOU Si-yu, SU Hang, WANG Xiang-xu, JIN Zhi-min

2023, 62(4):  123-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.022

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To understand the infrared spectrum characteristics of the body hair of different parts of Myodes rufocanus, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and second derivative infrared spectroscopy （SD-IR） were used to analyze the dorsal and abdominal hairs of the Myodes rufocanus. Results showed that the infrared spectrum of dorsal and abdominal hairs formed obvious absorption peaks around 1 560 cm^-1（amide Ⅱ band） and 1 637 cm^-1（amide Ⅰ band）. The bending vibration absorption peak of O=C-N groups of the amide Ⅳ band, one of the typical amide group absorption characteristic peaks in the protein infrared spectrum, appeared in the same position （621, 643 cm^-1）. The bending vibration absorption peaks of N-H groups in the amide Ⅴ band all appeared in 678, 781 cm^-1, but at the same time, the back hair had the bending vibration absorption peaks of N-H groups in the amide side band in 685 cm^-1, but the abdominal hair was not observed. In the second derivative spectra of the back hair and abdominal hair, the absorption peaks in 702, 777, 786, 1 646, 1 633 and 1 654 cm^-1 were basically the same. However, the back hair had a smaller peak in 726 cm^-1, while the abdominal hair had a distinct single peak in 1 687~1 694 cm^-1, and the back hair had an indistinct W-shaped pattern in this position. The back hair and abdominal hair of Myodes rufocanus could reflect the characteristics of the species. In the range of 600~800 cm^-1, the amide group was more obvious, and the infrared spectrum and second derivative spectrum of back and abdominal hair were very similar. In addition, there were differences in the infrared spectrum of Myodes rufocanus back hair and abdominal hair, especially in the range of 600~800 cm^-1 and 1 600~1 800 cm^-1.

Isolation, identification, and drug resistance analysis of a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli derived from piglet and preparation of its specific yolk antibody

YIN Jia-yin, YU Jiao, TANG Qing-hai, TENG Wei, YANG Kun, CAO Xin, XU Qing, LIU Bo, LI Ze

2023, 62(4):  127-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.023

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To identify the pathogen of diarrhea of piglets in a large-scale pig farm and prepare the specific yolk antibody, bacterial isolation and culture, biochemical test, 16SrRNA PCR identification, phylogenetic tree analysis, drug sensitivity test and other methods were used to study the disease materials. Antigen was prepared by whole cell inactivation and ultrasonic fragmentation. It was emulsified with different adjuvants（ISA 71VG, ISA201VG and 15AVG） to prepare immunized laying hens, the high immune yolk antibody was extracted with polyethylene glycol, the mass and concentration of the Antibody were identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Bradford method, and the antibody titer was determined by two-way AGAR diffusion test. Results showed that the shape, size and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were consistent with escherichia coli. The bands of E. coli-estb and elt were 113 and 272 bp, respectively. The elt and estb genes of the isolates were in the same branch as those of the American epidemic strains, such as UMNK88. They were in a different branch from the Danish strain CFSAN018748 and the Swiss strain 14OD0056. The isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, norfloxacin and cotrimoxazole, mediated to ceftriaxone and polymyxin B, and resistant to doxycycline, furazolidone and many aminoglycosides and quinolones. The heavy chain （about 70 ku） and light chain （about 25 ku） of yolk antibody were obvious in each group, and the purity was high. The yolk antibody protein content of the vaccine produced by the combination of bacteria solution treated with 0.2% formaldehyde and ISA 15AVG at 56 d after the first immunization was the highest （1.462 mg/g yolk）, followed by the yolk antibody protein content of the vaccine produced by the combination of bacteria solution treated with ultrasonic disruption and ISA 71VG at 56 days after the first immunization（1.459 mg/g yolk）. The titers of serum antibody and egg yolk antibody were as high as 1∶16 and 1∶4, respectively, when the ultrasonic broken antigen was combined with ISA 71VG.

Storage & Processing

Study on the content of total flavonoids, total phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of extracts from Artemisia argyi

WANG Qian, YANG Li-bo, CUI Mei-xiang, WANG Nai-ze, ZHAO Min, WU Yu-cui

2023, 62(4):  135-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.024

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The total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The ABTS⁺ free radical and DPPH free radical scavenging experiments were used to study the antioxidant capacity of extracts from Artemisia argyi in different years. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in fresh Artemisia argyi, Artemisia argyi stored for one year, Artemisia argyi stored for three years and residue of Artemisia argyi stored for three years were significantly different. Among them, the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were highest in Artemisia argyi stored for three years, and it had a strong antioxidant activity. Next was Artemisia argyi storage for one year. The content of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in fresh Artemisia argyi was the lowest and the scavenging effect on free radicals was relatively low. The correlation study showed that there was no significant correlation between total flavonoids and total phenolic acids content and antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and ABTS⁺.

Effects of mixed fermentation on chemical components and aroma quality of cigar tobacco leaves

MAO Ya-hao, ZHANG Tong-tong, YU Jun, LI Dao-yu, CHEN Xiong, YANG Chun-lei, YAO Lan

2023, 62(4):  140-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.025

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In order to study the effect of mixed fermentation on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves, strain C1 screened from the surface of tobacco leaves and yeast were added to the fermentation to explore their effects on the chemical composition and aroma quality of cigar tobacco leaves. The results showed that the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves were 0.28%~0.32% and 0.70%~0.83% respectively after single strain fermentation, 0.21%~0.26% and 0.60% respectively after mixed fermentation. Compared with the fermentation with strain C1 alone, the total amount of aroma substances in cigar tobacco leaves fermented by strain C1 and Hanseniaspora uvarum was increased by 56.40%, indicating that adding strain C1 and yeast to the mixed fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves was more beneficial to improve the aroma quality of cigar tobacco leaves and reduce the impurities.

Aroma analysis and application of green kumquat essential oil

SHENG Li

2023, 62(4):  146-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.026

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The sensory evaluation method was used to evaluate the difference between steam distilled green kumquat essential oil and pressed green kumquat essential oil,the volatile components of the two were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the steam-distilled green kumquat essential oil and the pressed green kumquat essential oil showed obvious differences in appearance and aroma. The kumquat essential oil obtained by distillation was a colorless and transparent oily liquid, while the green kumquat essential oil obtained by the pressing method was a cyan transparent oily liquid, and the performance of the pressed green kumquat essential oil in terms of freshness, green aroma and characteristic aroma was obviously better than that of the steam-distilled green kumquat essential oil. The green kumquat essential oil by steam distillation was identified 40 compounds, including 16 alkenes, 13 alcohols, 6 esters, 4 aldehydes and 1 ketone, with the proportion of 81.40%, 6.24%, 2.85%, 1.97% and 0.07%, respectively. 47 kinds of compounds were identified in the pressed green kumquat essential oil, including 19 alkenes, 13 alcohols, 8 esters, 5 aldehydes, 1 ketone and 1 hydrocarbon, with the proportion of 78.01%, 11.77%, 5.73%, 2.60%, 0.14% and 0.91%, respectively. Finally, the aromatizing test in green kumquat juice was conducted. The optimal scheme was to add 0.20% of distilled green kumquat essential oil and 0.05% of pressed green kumquat essential oil simultaneously.

Study on extraction and physicochemical properties of starch from Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber

WANG Yu-ru, MU Wen-jing, LIANG Liang-jin, ZHAO Zhong-li, AOEN Baolige

2023, 62(4):  151-155.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.027

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The cellulase extraction process of Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber starch was studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal optimization experiment. The physicochemical properties of Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber starch were further studied with potato starch and corn starch as control samples. The results showed that the optimum technological condition for extracting starch from Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber by cellulase was enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 50 ℃, enzyme concentration of 0.5%, pH of 5.0 and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 3 h. Under these conditions, the starch recovery could reach 88.75%; the starch content, water content, protein content, fat content and ash content of crude starch were 79.2%, 13.0%, 0.11%, 0.10% and 0.65%, respectively; the starch particle size of Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber showed a bimodal distribution, the diameter was concentrated at 2.00~50.00 μm, the average particle size was 35.25 μm, and the particle size was between corn starch and potato starch; the transparency of starch paste was moderate, higher than that of commercially available corn starch, lower than that of commercially available potato starch; the starch of Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber has no significant difference in water precipitation rate with potato starch and corn starch; the freeze-thaw stability of starch paste of Thladiantha dubia Bunge tuber was similar to that of potato starch paste and corn starch paste;the initial swelling temperature and swelling characteristics were similar to those of corn starch.

Detection Analysis

Quality standards for Bletilla striata freeze-dried tablets based on 12 producing areas

XU Yu-sheng, TENG Xiao-mei, XIN Wen-feng, GAO Ming-ju, TIAN Ying-qiu, YU Zheng-yong

2023, 62(4):  156-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.028

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Based on the medicinal materials of Bletilla striata from 12 producing areas, the quality standards for its freeze-dried tablets were explored. By identifying the general physical and chemical properties of Bletilla striata freeze-dried tablets from different origins, and determining the total polysaccharide content, water content, total ash content, sulfur dioxide residue, the content of [4 -（β-D-glucopyranoxy） benzyl] -2-isobutyl malate Militarine and the content of extracts, the quality of Bletilla striata freeze-dried tablets was evaluated. The results showed that the total polysaccharide content of Bletilla striata freeze-dried tablets from 12 producing areas was 28.2%~50.9%, and the content of Militarine was 5.32%~10.73%. The total polysaccharide content, water content, total ash content, extract content, and Militarine content in Bletilla striata freeze-dried tablets complied with the standards of the “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China： Four Parts”（2015 edition）.

Technology and quality standard of Yinaoxin Tablet

XUE Cai-hong, TENG Ming, ZHOU Jin-gen

2023, 62(4):  163-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.029

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The orthogonal design was used to optimize the water extraction process of Yinaoxin Tablets, and the single factor method was used to screen the molding process. After refining, concentration, granulation, drying, pressing and coating, Yinaoxin Tablet was prepared. The Polygoni multiflori Praeparata and Gastrodiae rhizoma in Yinaoxin Tablet were qualitatively identified by the thin layer chromatography （TLC）, and the content of salvianolic acid B was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The preparation process was as follows： Gastrodiae rhizoma was crushed into fine powder, and the rest herbs were decocted with 8-folds water for 1 hour. After filtration and standing for 4 hours, the supernatant was filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to the thick paste with a relative density of 1.25~1.30 （80 ℃）. Then Gastrodiae rhizoma powder was added, mixed, dried to dry paste, and then crushed into the fine powder. Talcum powder was added, mixed, and granulated with 70% ethanol solution. Then drying, granule sieving, adding magnesium stearate, mixing, compressing to the tablet, and sugar-coating were conducted to obtain the Yinaoxin Tablet. In the TLC identification, the main spots of Polygoni multiflori Praeparata and Gastrodiae rhizoma in Yinaoxin Tablet were clear, and the negative control had no interference. The average content of Salvianolic acid B in the test solution of Yinaoxin Tablet was 2.36 mg/tablet. The optimized preparation process of Yinaoxin tablets in this study was stable, and the quality control method was accurate and reliable, which provided a basis for the secondary development of Yinaoxin Granules.

Information Engineering

Multi-time soil moisture dynamic prediction based on RF-BiLSTM neural network

LI Wei, KUANG Chang-wu, HU Xin-xin

2023, 62(4):  168-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.030

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In order to explore the change characteristics of soil moisture and improve the prediction accuracy of soil moisture, a soil moisture prediction method based on the combination of random forest and two-way long-term and short-term memory network（RF-BiLSTM） was proposed. Using the hourly data of soil volume moisture at the depth of 10 cm from 2016 to 2021 of Sanya National Climate Observatory and the data of 7 meteorological elements （air temperature, ground temperature, 10 cm ground temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, precipitation and evaporation） in the same period, the multi-time soil moisture prediction was carried out. The results showed that the average absolute errors （MAE） of RF-BiLSTM model for predicting soil volume water content after 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours were 0.462%, 0.702%, 0.889% and 1.282% respectively, and the determination coefficients （R²） were 0.983, 0.967, 0.951 and 0.913 respectively. The accuracy was higher than that of the long short-term memory neural network model, and BP neural network model.

Multi-feature intelligent pricing model of agricultural products considering price foam

LI Yue

2023, 62(4):  175-179.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.031

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Considering that some agricultural products were prone to high price foam due to their investment value, which would bring risks to product pricing, an improved supremum unit root test to measure the duration and intensity of price foam was proposed, and the influencing factors of tea prices with the help of bp-topsis model was analyzed, so as to carry out intelligent pricing calculation. The results showed that the GSADF values of product 1 and product 2 were 14.10 and 13.42 respectively, which were both higher than the corresponding simulation critical value of 2.35. Therefore, it indicated that there was a certain degree of price foam in both products. Moreover, product 1 had a high investment value, and its price foam value was between 320 and 1 770 yuan, which was much higher than that of product 2 with direct consumption value. Therefore, product 1 was at a high risk level in terms of foam burst. Thus the effectiveness of the model in preventing the risk of foam burst was verified.

Estimation of bergamot leaves SPAD value based on UAV multi spectral images

LI Rui-jun, CHEN Zhi-hu, SHU Tian, LIU Chun-yan, XU Yuan-hong, SUN Chang-qing

2023, 62(4):  180-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.032

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Taking the bergamot in Nongyuan Village, Haohuahong Town, Huishui County, Guizhou Province as the research object, through acquiring the multi spectral images of the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） in the bergamot planting base, the vegetation index were calculated, the correlation between different vegetation indexes and SPAD values were analyzed, and the input variables of the model was screened out. Using partial least squares （PLS） and random forest （RF） to build SPAD estimation models, the SPAD values of green and yellow leaves of bergamot were estimated. The results showed that, besides CIre, NDVI, GNDVI, RVI and SPAD values had a strong correlation. In the PLS estimation model of green leaves and yellow leaves, the validation set R² were 0.814 and 0.660 respectively, and the RMSE were 1.12 and 1.16 respectively. The SPAD value estimation effect of green leaves was higher than that of yellow leaves. In RF model, R² of validation set and model building was lower than that of PLS model. Therefore, based on multispectral images, the SPAD estimation model of bergamot leaves established by PLS method was better than the RF model, which could realize the rapid estimation of SPAD values of bergamot leaves.

A regional scale management partition algorithm for winter wheat planting based on FSCC

WAN Qing-song, LUO Xiao-jiao

2023, 62(4):  185-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.033

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Feature selection based on correlation clustering algorithm（FSCC） has a direct impact on the scale management of winter wheat planting areas. Taking a certain area in Chongqing City as the research object, the impact of FSCC on the accuracy of winter wheat planting area scale management zoning was analyzed. Firstly, a data sample library was established using clustering algorithms to study the spatial distribution characteristics of winter wheat planting areas, while calculating regional accuracy, average regional accuracy, standard deviation of regional accuracy, root mean square error, and deviation. Then, a subset of features was selected to achieve data partitioning calculation. The results showed that FSCC had a significant impact on the accuracy of regional scale management zoning for winter wheat cultivation. In the process of implementing zoning management, it is necessary to simultaneously consider four factors： FSCC, spatial monitoring range, crop types, and planting density of winter wheat. Through mutual adjustment, it was ensured that the zoning effect was optimal, thereby improving the planting yield of winter wheat.

Biological Engineering

Molecular identification of Bactrocera minax larvae in Taihu Lake County based on DNA barcode technology

JIA Xiao-yun, XING Yao-chun, MA Xiao-jing, LI Kai-qiu, ZHUO Zhi-bin, WU Jun-xia, YANG Wen-zhao, ZENG Ling-yu, ZHAO Yan, WANG Yu-ning, LI Zhi-hong

2023, 62(4):  190-193.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.034

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In order to accurately identify the fruit fly larvae collected from Tianhua Town, Taihu Lake County, Anhui Province, five fruit fly larvae were randomly selected as sample materials, and their molecular identification was carried out using DNA barcode technology and PCR technology. The results showed that the DNA bar code sequence of the fruit fly larva sample was 100% similar to the standard sequence of Bactrocera minax in BOLD database; the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MAGA-X software. The sample sequence of fruit fly larvae and the Bactrocera minax sequence in the NCBI database formed a single line, which was clearly distinguished from its related species; PCR was carried out with specific primers of citrus fruit fly, and the length of the product was consistent with the characteristics of the amplified sequence length of the specific primers, indicating that the five samples of fruit fly larvae were Bactrocera minax.

Full-length transcriptome sequencing and analysis of yellow catfish based on PacBio platform

WANG Jia-qi, XIONG Yang, HAN Qing-qing, HUANG Pei-pei, MEI Jie

2023, 62(4):  194-201.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.035

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In order to further enrich the genomic information database of yellow catfish （Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）, the full-length transcriptome of liver, kidney, muscle, brain, spleen, heart, skin, blood, gill, and gonad tissues of yellow catfish was sequenced using the PacBio sequel platform. A total of 685 574 full-length non-chimeric read （FLNC） sequences were obtained, and 72 509 non-redundant isoforms with an average length of 2 918 bp were acquired by aligning with the genome of yellow catfish. 3 169 LncRNA, 45 872 alternative splicing events, 4 881 genes with variable polyadenylation sites, and 304 fusion genes were identified. After analyzing the 12 492 identified new genes in five public databases including NR, GO, KEGG, KOG, and Swissprot, 7 233 isoforms were successfully annotated. The new genes were mainly enriched in the Cellular process, Cell, and Binding categories according to GO analysis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the new genes were mainly enriched in the Signal transduction and Immune system signaling pathways. In addition, the metabolic pathways of the endocrine system related to reproduction and breeding of yellow catfish included the Oxytocin, Estrogen, Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, Gonadotropin releasing hormone, and Ovarian steroidogenesis signaling pathways.

Economy & Management

New ideas for agricultural economic development in the context of e-commerce development

MAN Xue-hao, YU Xue-li

2023, 62(4):  202-205.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.036

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In order to explain the new changes brought by e-commerce to agriculture, taking Dinglou Village and Qingyanliu Village as examples, the paper analyzed the e-commerce enabling agricultural model from the four aspects of market environment, policy environment, production mode and logistics environment, realized the development of agricultural economy, and proposed to play the role of the government, introduced agricultural laws and regulations, strengthen the brand construction of agricultural products, improve the quality supervision system, updated the villagers’ concept, and introduced e-commerce training.

Innovation of operation mode of organic agricultural products in the context of “Internet+”

CHENG Hai-tao, CUI Qiao-ling

2023, 62(4):  206-210.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.037

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Based on the literature analysis method, the development status of China’s organic agricultural products industry was analyzed, and on this basis, the innovation of the online sales model of organic agricultural products was expounded, and the value research and judgment and business service system of group purchase, online and offline community business models was combed in detail. Based on the comparison with the traditional organic agricultural product VCC model, a new operation mode （VCC model+network platform） was proposed. The operation mode could reduce the operation cost, play the role of community communication, strengthen consumer confidence in products, and enhance the positive influence of friendly farming environment.

Study on agricultural production elasticity based on the transcendental logarithmic production function

LU Dong-ning, SI Xu

2023, 62(4):  211-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.038

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Based on the agricultural time series data from 2002 to 2021, the transcendental logarithmic production function model was constructed and the ridge regression estimation method was used to effectively analyze the output elasticity, substitution elasticity and relative technological changes of various factors of agricultural production. The results showed that the output elasticity of land in China’s agricultural production factors was relatively high. The substitution elasticity between elements was above 1. Agricultural technology was inclined to labor-saving change. Therefore, agricultural production must adapt to local conditions, improve the spatial allocation of agricultural elements, strengthen the matching degree between technology and elements in agricultural production, improve agricultural productivity and realize a new model of sustainable agricultural production.

Measurement of economic comprehensive efficiency of cross-regional co-construction parks in the Yangtze River Delta

WANG Ting, LI Yi

2023, 62(4):  218-225.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.039

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Based on the government website and the city statistical yearbook, the economic development data of the cross-regional co-construction parks in Yangtze River Delta during 2015—2019 were collected, and the SBM model and Malmquist index were used to comprehensively measure the economy of the 23 co-construction parks in the Yangtze River Delta. The results showed that the co-construction parks with natural resources as the theme, especially those with high requirements for land resources and park size, because of the characteristics of low industrial level and single structure, tended to be at a disadvantage in the comparison and development of park economy, which were easy to be affected by external factors; the parks with high-tech industries as the theme, had low requirements for land resources and park size, and had strong economic development; there were obvious regional and time differences in the economic growth of co-construction parks in the Yangtze River Delta, and the comprehensive economic efficiency of co-construction parks in the secondary industry was higher, which was shown as Jiangsu Province > Anhui Province, Zhejiang Province; the input of comprehensive technology, especially the pure technical efficiency was the guarantee of the economic efficiency of the park, and the technological progress improved the production efficiency and development speed of the park. According to the current development situation of the co-construction park, some relevant suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening the land utilization standard, improving the land utilization rate, accelerating the multi-level industrial upgrading and improving the level of science and technology development.

An empirical analysis on the coupling and coordinated development of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture：Taking Shennongjia Forestry District in Hubei Province as an example

WANG Xue-ting, WEI Jun-ying, DAI Hao

2023, 62(4):  226-231.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.040

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Taking Shennongjia Forestry District in Hubei Province as the research object, based on the time series data of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture from 2008 to 2019, the coupling degree of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture in Shennongjia Forestry District was analyzed using methods such as entropy weight method, coupling degree model and coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that from 2008 to 2019, the comprehensive evaluation index of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture in Shennongjia Forestry District showed an overall upward trend, and the development speed of rural tourism was faster than that of characteristic agriculture; the coupling degree of the two systems had developed from medium to high correlation, indicating that the trend of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture in Shennongjia Forestry District was consistent, and the coupling effects of the two systems was strong; the coupling coordination degree was currently at the primary coupling coordination stage, and the coupling coordination needed to be strengthened. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to further promote the coordinated development of rural tourism and characteristic agriculture in Shennongjia Forestry District.

An empirical study on the spatial spillover effects of agricultural economic growth and agricultural carbon emission intensity

QIN Yu-xin, LI Shu-chao

2023, 62(4):  232-238.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.041

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Based on the panel data of 31 provinces（cities, autonomous regions） in China from 2007 to 2020, the impact of agricultural economic growth was studied on agricultural carbon emission intensity and the spatial spillover effect using a spatial econometric model. The results showed that the economic growth indicators represented by agricultural carbon emission intensity and per capita agricultural GDP showed a spatial aggregation pattern dominated by H-H agglomeration and L-L agglomeration; the agricultural machinery input was positively correlated with the agricultural carbon emission intensity index. The higher the proportion of agricultural planting, the higher the agricultural carbon emission intensity; economic growth and technological progress were conducive to reducing the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions in the region. Therefore, it was necessary to coordinate regional development, promote regional coordinated development, increase investment in agricultural science and technology, improve the technical level of agricultural environmental pollution prevention, use space interaction, and establish incentive mechanisms to promote agricultural green production.

Analysis of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province based on grey water footprint and carbon emission

LI Wen-yan, LI Bing-jun, MA Wen-ya

2023, 62(4):  239-246.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.042

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In order to promote the coordinated development of the agricultural economy and ecology in Henan Province, firstly, considering the impact of agricultural production on water resources and climate, the grey water footprint and carbon emission of Henan Province from 2000 to 2020 were calculated respectively. Secondly, from the perspective of the impact of agricultural production on the economy and environment, the growth rate of agricultural output value was compared with the average growth rate of the grey water footprint and carbon emission, and the agricultural ecological development status of Henan Province was comprehensively evaluated. Finally, from the perspective of input and output, using super SBM model, the grey water footprint and carbon emission were taken as environmental indicators into the ecological efficiency evaluation system, and the agricultural ecological efficiency of Henan Province from 2000 to 2020 was measured and evaluated. The results showed that the grey water footprint was mainly inverted “√” in three stages, and the carbon emission was inverted “√” in two stages. Except for a few years, the economic impact of agriculture was greater than the environmental impact, and the environmental pollution had improved obviously in recent years. From 2000 to 2004, the GWCAEE in Henan Province was in an effective state, from 2005 to 2014, the GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating downward trend and remained in an inefficient state, and from 2015 to 2020, the GWCAEE in Henan Province gradually increased and reached an effective value in 2019.

Rural Revitalization

Research on refinement governance of rural ecological environment：Based on the investigation of Z town in the Anhui Province

ZHOU Quan

2023, 62(4):  247-252.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.043

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Refinement governance is very important to improve the governance level of rural ecological environment. Using the methods of literature research and field survey, based on the practical investigation of Z town in Anhui Province, it showed that the multi-dimensional construction based on factor input promoted resource refinement, process reengineering promoted responsibility refinement, multi-governing promoted structural refinement and “Internet+” promoted technology refinement would provide a possible space for the refinement governance of rural ecological environment. Meanwhile, by taking measures such as cultivating environmental refinement culture, perfecting the environmental legalization system, strengthening environmental trace management and promoting bottom-up assessment, the disadvantages of movement governance could be effectively avoided, in order to provide reference for the approach of refinement governance of rural ecological environment and help realize rural revitalization.

Analysis on the sustainable livelihood of peasant households in ethnic areas under the influence of rural tourism

SUN Wan-qing, YU Xiao-ling, XU Kang-ning, YAN Jia-chen

2023, 62(4):  253-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.04.044

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Taking Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan of Xinjiang as an example, the sustainable livelihood of peasant households in ethnic areas under the influence of rural tourism was analyzed through constructing the analysis and evaluation index system of peasant householdsʼ sustainable livelihood. The results showed that the comprehensive score of sustainable livelihood of peasant households in Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan was 0.415, which was in the middle level. Livelihood capital had the greatest impact on the sustainable livelihood of peasant households in Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan. The transformation of livelihood structure and process was obvious. The peasant households in Tajik Autonomous County of Taxkorgan faced some problems, such as the limitation of natural factors, the low level of education, the proportion of tourism labor force to be increased, and the inheritance and protection of ethnic culture to be further improved. Relevant suggestions were put forward to solve these problems.