Table of Content

25 March 2023, Volume 62 Issue 3

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Soil Properties

Analysis on the correlation between cultivated land landscape fragmentation and regional grain yield change

CHEN Xi, HE Zhen, FANG He-nan, ZHAO Xue-mei, LU Guo-wen, XUE Kai-ren

2023, 62(3):  1-7.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.001

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Based on the land use image and grain yield data of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with a resolution of 30 m, and with the help of landscape ecology methods and spatial statistical analysis methods, this paper explored the correlation between the landscape fragmentation effect of paddy fields and dry lands and the change of grain yield in Qianjiang City at the landscape level and township scale. The results showed that the grain output of the study area was basically stable from 2010 to 2018; the internal structure of cultivated land in the towns and townships in the southeast was basically stable, while the remaining towns and townships were showing an increasing trend of change, and most of these towns and townships had changed from increase to decrease after 2010; the fragmentation effect of paddy field landscape was greatly affected by the number of patches, while that of dry land landscape was greatly affected by the shape and internal structure of patches. In order to ensure the balance of regional grain output, the shape of dryland landscape in the region should be improved, control the fragmentation of internal structure should be controlled, so as to ensure the safety of regional grain production.

Research on the identification of cultivated land quality key elements in Changsha-Liuyang-Pingjiang Hilly Region at multi-scale

HOU Lei, DUAN Jian-nan, LI Ping

2023, 62(3):  8-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.002

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In order to further protect and improve the comprehensive quality of cultivated land and identify the key elements of cultivated land quality, the Changsha-Liuyang-Pingjiang hilly area was selected as the research area, and the geographic grid and spatial autocorrelation analysis method were used to delineate the three-level research scale with the characteristic scale of 60 km. The spatial correlation degree and change law of various components of cultivated land quality at different scales had been evaluated and revealed. The results showed that all the elements of cultivated land quality showed positive spatial correlations. Among them, the three elements of irrigation guarantee rate, organic matter content, and cultivated layer texture were the key elements that affect the quality of cultivated land, no matter what scale they were based on. In addition, the degree of concentration and fragmentation of cultivated land were shown as key elements of cultivated land quality on the second and third scales; the background quality of cultivated land contributed the most to the overall quality of cultivated land, followed by spatial and ecological quality; as the observation scale increased, the Moran's I index value of each element of the spatial and background quality increased immediately, while the Moran's I index of the ecological quality element decreased as the scale became larger.

Effect of soil with different gravel content on mineral element allocation of Dalbergia odorifera

XI Ying-zhuo, LIU Zhen, WEN Li, Qin Gui-li, TIAN Long, YANG Zhen-de, YU Shu-zhong

2023, 62(3):  16-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.003

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Using in the soil with different gravel content to simulate the soil conditions with different rock desertification degrees, the distribution law of mineral elements in Dalbergia odorifera was studied by pot culture. The results showed that the contents of N, K, Ca and Mg in Dalbergia odorifera leaves were generally higher than those in stems and roots. Different gravel content had an impact on the distribution of mineral elements in Dalbergia odorifera. With the increase of gravel content, the content of Ca and Mg in Dalbergia odorifera had an overall upward trend; under different gravel content conditions, the content of N elements in Dalbergia odorifera did not change significantly, but the content of P and K elements changed significantly. Revealing the distribution law of mineral elements in Dalbergia odorifera under the rocky desertification environment could provide reference for the scientific management of rocky desertification.

Evaluation of farmland soil fertility in Jiuquan City based on principal component analysis

DENG Xi-ming, LYU Duo, WU Xiao-ting, FENG Tao, ZHANG Mei-zhen, ZHU Jian-qiang

2023, 62(3):  21-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.004

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To evaluate the farmland soil fertility status in Jiuquan City and provide data support for the sustainable development of agriculture. Taking the farmland soil of five counties （cities, districts） in Jiuquan City was taken as the research object, six fertility indexes of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were determined, and the soil fertility was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that the organic matter and nitrogen of farmland soil in Jiuquan City were generally low, the phosphorus was rich, the potassium was medium, and the pH was alkaline. The spatial distribution of farmland soil nutrients was uneven, but the change was not significant. The principal component analysis showed that the main factor causing the change of farmland soil fertility in Jiuquan City was the organic matter, and the comprehensive fertility of farmland soil in Jiuquan City from high to low was Suzhou District, Guazhou County, Dunhuang City, Yumen City, and Jinta County. To sum up, the overall level of soil fertility in Jiuquan City was good. It was recommended to follow the principles of supplementing organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, reducing phosphorus fertilizer and stabilizing potassium fertilizer.

Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in farmland at the southern foot of Daxinganling

LIU Zhan-yong, ZHANG Jia-qian, LI Juan, ZHANG Xiang-qian, LI Ya-hua, ZHANG De-jian

2023, 62(3):  25-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.005

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This study took the farmland soil of Arong Banner at the South foot of Daxinganling as the research object,to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the farmland soil nutrients in Arong Banner. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, total potassium, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the farmland soil of Arong Banner were 47.48, 29.31,1.57, 2.27 g/kg, respectively. The nutrient content of the soil was rich and suitable for crop growth. The variability of the nutrients in the soil was between 10% and 100%, which was a moderate degree of variability, and the single factor at each point was significant, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity at each point. It provided a scientific basis for reasonably optimizing fertilization schemes, improving farming methods, realizing soil nutrient balance and improving soil fertility at various points of Arong Banner farmland, and provided theoretical support for constructing a farmland fertility evaluation system at the Southern foot of Daxinganling.

Effects of natural grass organic mulching on physiological and ecological effects of rain-fed peach orchard in low latitude plateau area

YU Fei, WANG Fa-lin, ZHANG Yan, LU Lin, QIU Ming-hua, WANG Mao-hua, LI Li

2023, 62(3):  30-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.006

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The organic mulching area of natural grass （supplemented by sowing Vicia Villosa Roth var. glabrescens seeds in autumn and winter） was used as the test object, and the cultivation area of clear tillage was used as the control to study the effects of organic mulching method of natural grass on soil water content, soil volume density, soil temperature, spring shoot growth of peach trees, and peach tree quality. The results showed that, in the rain-fed peach orchard of the low latitude plateau area, organic mulching of natural grass could improve soil water content, reduce soil bulk density, reduce soil temperature, and promote the spring shoot growth of peach trees. Peach fruit yield, total sugar content and vitamin C content in the organic mulching area of natural grass were significantly higher than those of peach trees in the clear tillage area.

Geochemical characteristics and ecological effects of soil fluorine in Western Wanzhou District, Chongqing City

BAO Li-ran, WANG Jia-bin, LIU Jian-feng, LI Yu

2023, 62(3):  35-39.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.007

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Based on the data of 1∶50 000 land quality geological survey, the soil fluorine geochemical characteristics and ecological effects were studied, in Western Wanzhou District of Three Gorges Reservoir area. The results showed that the average fluorine content in surface soil in the study area was 578.4 mg/kg, slightly higher than the national average of surface soil. The spatial distribution pattern of fluorine was obviously controlled by strata, and there was a significant positive correlation between the fluorine content of soil and rock samples in the horizontal section. The fluorine content of soil and parent rock had good inheritance. The soil fluorine geochemical evaluation showed that the local soil fluorine in the study area was excessive, mainly distributed in the Triassic strata. The investigation of the fluorine ecological effect showed that the fluorine content in surface water was high, without exceeding the national standard, and the fluorine in agricultural products in some areas exceeded the standard, to which great attention and intensive study should be paid.

Cd content characteristics and risks assessment for arable soil in the carbonate rock area of Southern Chongqing

YU Fei, YU Jing, WANG Jia-bin, XU Shu-shu, LUO Kai, LI Yu, WANG Yu, WANG Rui, ZHANG Yun-yi

2023, 62(3):  40-46.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.008

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In order to understand the content characteristics of Cd for arable soil in the carbonate rock area of Chongqing,131 soil samples were collected in the carbonate rock area and 162 soil samples were collected as the contrast in the non-carbonate rock area of Nanchuan District in the southern Chongqing, and the concentrations of Cd and pH were analyzed and determined. The pollution status of soil Cd, the potential ecological risk and health risk to adults and children were evaluated by the geostatistical analysis, and potential ecological hazard index and health risk assessment model. Results showed that the average value of Cd in the soil of the carbonate rock area （mean 0.571 mg/kg） was higher than that of the non-carbonate rock area （mean 0.305 mg/kg）. Compared with the Soil Environment Quality Risk Control Standard （GB 15618—2018）, the over-standard rate of 48.1% in the carbonate rock area was higher than the over-standard rate of 29.6% in the non-carbonate rock area, showing a different degree of accumulation. From the spatial distribution, the areas with high Cd values of arable soil were mainly distributed in Shuijiang town, Dongcheng street, Nancheng street and Jinshan town of Nanchuan district, showing the strong to extremely strong potential ecological risk. The health risk assessment results showed that HQ of Cd was less than 1, and the hazard was negligible; the CR was slightly greater than 10^-6, which was acceptable. The non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of the three exposure pathways for adults and children in the carbonate rock areas were significantly higher than those in the non-carbonate rock area, and the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk in children were higher than those in adults. Oral ingestion was the main route of exposure to Cd in soil.

Comparison on differences of bacteria community between tobacco continuous cropping diseased soil and continuous cropping non-diseased soil

DI Hui-hui, WANG Rui, TAN Jun, PENG Wu-xing

2023, 62(3):  47-51.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.009

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The differences of bacteria community structure among tobacco continuous cropping diseased soil, continuous cropping non-diseased soil and newly cultivated soil were compared, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing tobacco continuous cropping diseases through microbial means. Metagenome high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare bacterial communities of three types of soils. The results showed that, the number of total and unique OTUs of bacteria in continuous cropping diseased soil was the highest, and the bacterial community was very similar and had high homology. Proportions of Cyanobacteria, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, Arenimonas, Bellilinea, Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium and Nocardioids were significantly higher in continuous cropping diseased soil than those in continuous cropping non-diseased soil and newly cultivated soil. The bacterial community structure of continuous cropping non-diseased soil was quite different, and the homology was low. Bradyrhizobium, Aciditerrimonas, Mycobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Rhodoplanes had relatively high proportions, but the proportion of Nitrospira was low in newly cultivated soil, and the bacterial community structure had its own characteristics.

Fertilization Techniques

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine residue with cow dung on earthworms growth and material physicochemical properties

LI Yang, MA Zhan-fei, MA Xiao-yong, KANG Jun-gang, WANG Ya-bo, ZHU Yun-di, ZUO Jin-yan, JIANG Guo-jun

2023, 62(3):  52-57.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.010

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In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by fecal waste in livestock production and traditional Chinese medicine residues, and to explore a new way of resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residues and cow manure, the experiment set treatment A （cow manure + residues of radix Astragalus and Epimedium after decoction）, treatment B （cow manure + Astragalus）, treatment C （cow manure + Epimedium） and treatment D （cow manure, control） to feed the late larvae of earthworms. The effects of these treatments on the weight, body length, cocoon production, incubation time and hatching rate of earthworms were observed. The results showed that the growth trend of earthworms increased first and then decreased under the four treatments. The residue of radix Astragalus and Epimedium after decoction could significantly improve the growth and reproductive performance of earthworms. Earthworm composting could increase the content of total nitrogen and pH of materials, and reduce the content of organic carbon. The composting of residues of radix Astragalus and Epimedium after decoction with cow manure could also increase the content of total phosphorus.

Suitable nitrogen application rate of three flue-cured tobacco varieties in high-altitude tobacco area of Xuanwei City

PAN Yi-hong, CAI Xian-jie, DENG Tao, ZHANG Xiao-long, WEI Qi-li, MA Ai-guo, WU Shu-jun, LIU Yun-fang, YAN Ding

2023, 62(3):  58-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.011

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In order to explore the suitable nitrogen application rate for high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties in the high-altitude tobacco area of Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, the field test comparison method was adopted in 2020 to study the economic properties, physical properties, appearance quality, chemical composition and sensory evaluation quality of three flue-cured tobacco varieties with different nitrogen application rates in the high-altitude tobacco areas. The results showed that Yunyan 105 had the best economic benefits when the nitrogen application rate was 97.5 kg/hm², and the comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco was the best when the nitrogen application rate was 112.5 kg/hm². When the nitrogen application rate of Yunyan 301 was 97.5 kg/hm², it was helpful to improve the coordination of chemical components, sensory evaluation quality and appearance quality of tobacco leaves, and the comprehensive quality was good; when the nitrogen application rate was 112.5 kg/hm², the economic benefit was the best. Zhongchuan 208 had good economic benefits and comprehensive quality when the nitrogen application rate was 97.5 kg/hm² and 112.5 kg/hm². When the nitrogen application rate of Zhongchuan 208 was 97.5 kg/hm², it was beneficial to improve the sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves and maximize the economic benefits. When the nitrogen application rate of Zhongchuan 208 was 112.5 kg/hm², it was helpful to improve the coordination of internal chemical components and the formation of appearance quality of tobacco leaves, and the economic benefit was good. To sum up, in the high-altitude tobacco area of Xuanwei City, the suitable nitrogen application rates of Yunyan 105, Yunyan 301 and Zhongchuan 208 are 97.5 kg/hm² to 112.5 kg/hm².

Effects of seaweed compost fertilizer on yield and quality of Zhanhua winte jujube

AI Xin-shuai, YANG Zheng-hua, YUAN Le-bin, LU Bo-si, SHEN Hong

2023, 62(3):  65-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.012

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The fertilizer efficiency of seaweed compost fertilizer was evaluated by measuring soil physical and chemical properties, root parameters, nutrient absorption, fruit yield and quality of winter jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. dongzao） before and after fertilization. The results showed that compared with no fertilization, seaweed compost fertilizer could significantly improve soil fertility and increase soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen（P<0.05）. Compared with conventional fertilizer treatment, the application of seaweed compost fertilizer increased the root length density of 0~20 cm soil layer, root activity and fruit yield of the jujube tree, and significantly increased the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, total sugar and soluble protein of jujube fruit（P<0.05）. It indicated that seaweed compost fertilizer could increase root growth and nutrient absorption of jujube trees by improving soil fertility and increasing soil microbial activity, and ultimately improve the yield and quality of jujube fruit.

Application effects of new types of fertilizer under rice-rape rotation system

XIONG You-sheng, XIONG Han-feng, XIE Yuan-yuan, FAN Hong-xia, XU Xiao-yu, LIU YU, ZHOU Jian-xiong, LIU Wei, WANG Shi-qiu

2023, 62(3):  69-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.013

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In order to explore the efficient application technology of fertilizers in the rotation cycle, the effects of different fertilizer application on crop yield and nutrient use efficiency under the rice（Oryza sativa L.）-rape（Brassica campestris L.） rotation system were studied by setting up 6 treatments including no fertilization （T1）, conventional fertilization （T2）, slow-release fertilizer （T3）, stabilized fertilizer （T4）, BB fertilizer （T5） and bio-organic fertilizer on the basis of T2 （T6） through field positioning experiment. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment, the application of slow-controlled release fertilizer and the application of organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer could increase the yield of rice, rape and annual yield, and some rotation years reached a significant level （P<0.05）. Different fertilizer treatments could improve the absorption and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of rice, rape and annual crops in the rice-rape rotation system, among which T6 was the best. The absorption and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in all years under T6 treatment were significantly different from those of conventional fertilizer treatment （P<0.05）. The effect of T3 treatment was followed, except for the absorption of phosphorus in rape season, the difference of the absorption and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in other years between slow-release fertilizer and conventional fertilizer was significant （P<0.05）. In general, the effect of the application of slow-release fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer under the rice-rape rotation system in Hubei Province was good, but the effect of applying BB fertilizer and stable fertilizer was slightly worse.

Land Use

The spatial distribution pattern of abandoned farmland in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi

XU Xiao-ting, WANG Si-en, JIAO Qiao, XING Dong-xing

2023, 62(3):  75-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.014

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In order to effectively solve the problem of farmland abandonment in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi, and ensure the food security, the zonal region across the west and east in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi was taken as the study area, the abandoned rate, the nuclear density analysis, and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to study the spatial distribution pattern of abandoned farmland. The results indicated that the abandoned farmland was mainly dry land. The overall abandonment rate was not high, but it continued to rise. The abandoned farmland was mainly distributed in Qianyang County, Long County and Fengxiang County. Most of the abandoned farmland was distributed in the medium-high and high nuclear density areas. The high nuclear density areas and the medium-high nuclear density areas were mainly distributed in the hilly area of the northeast of Fengxiang County and the mountains of the north of Qianyang County. The medium nuclear density areas were mainly distributed in Long County, Qianyang County and Fengxiang County. The medium-low density areas were mainly distributed in Long County, and the low density areas were distributed in all counties. There was spatial agglomeration in the abandoned farmland. The low agglomeration areas of cold spots were mainly distributed in Dali County, Pucheng County and Fuping County in the east area. The relatively low agglomeration areas of cold spots were mainly distributed in the middle area. The relatively high agglomeration areas of hot spots were mainly distributed in Fengxing County. The high agglomeration areas of hot spots were mainly distributed in Long County and Qianyang County in the west area. The problem of abandoned farmland in Guanzhong Plain could be solved by vigorously carrying out comprehensive land improvement, formulating relevant policies to help and benefit farmers, and strictly implementing the national policy of cultivated land protection.

Change characteristics and terrain gradient effects of land use in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone

ZHANG Lan-yue, MAO De-hua

2023, 62(3):  80-87.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.015

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Taking Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone as the research area, based on the land use data and DEM data of Hunan Province, the dynamic change degree, terrain niche and terrain niche distribution index of land use were constructed, and the land use change characteristics and terrain gradient effects were analyzed. The results showed that cultivated land and woodland were the main types of land use, cultivated land and grassland showed a decreasing trend, woodland decreased first and then increased, waters area increased first and then decreased, urban and rural construction land expanded rapidly, and the area of unused land expanded continuously. The dominant position of cultivated land lied in the low terrain niche, woodland centrally located in the middle-high and high terrain niche, water, urban and rural construction land and unused land were mainly distributed in the low terrain niche, and grassland was distributed in all terrain niche, but had no distribution advantage. Stable change type was the main land use change mapping. Continuous change type and repeated change type were mainly the conversion among cultivated land, waters and unused land in the low terrain niche. In the early change type and late change type, the conversion of cultivated land and woodland into urban and rural construction land was mainly located in the middle and low terrain niche, and the conversion of cultivated land to woodland was mainly located in the middle and high terrain niche. Based on the above analysis, the Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone was divided into comprehensive functional areas, high quality rural areas and ecological conservation areas, and the corresponding strategies of land use and social and economic development were put forward.

Vertical distribution characteristics of land use in Wumeng Mountain area： A case study of Xundian County, Yunnan Province

FU Jing, DUAN Qing-song, LIU Shi-xin, XIANG Dong-lei, LI Jian-hua

2023, 62(3):  88-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.016

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Taking Xundian County of Yunnan Province as an example, and using the spatial autocorrelation analysis method, the vertical distribution characteristics of eight land use types were studied. The results showed that the eight land use types had strong spatial autocorrelation on the vertical scale, and the distribution was not uniform in the 15 elevation gradients. The number of land use types increased first and then decreased gradually with the elevation rising, and there were differences in the land use structure in the 15 elevation gradients. The eight land use types showed a spatial correlation in the vertical direction, and the spatial autocorrelation of other land use was the highest, followed by garden land, forest land, mining and storage land, farmland, construction land, water area and water conservancy facility land, and grassland had the lowest spatial autocorrelation.

Suitability evaluation of land space development in arid counties based on ecological priority：Taking Yecheng County in Xinjiang as an example

LI Pan, GAO Min-hua, MA Li-gang

2023, 62(3):  96-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.017

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Taking Yecheng County in Xinjiang as an example,the land space development was simulated as two processes of ecological protection and land development,and the minimum cumulative resistance model and spatial analysis method were used to construct the Yecheng County land space development suitability evaluation system. The results showed that the total area of Yecheng County suitable for land development was 27 359.86 km², and the total area suitable for ecological protection was 968.84 km²,showing a centrally divergent and zonal distribution pattern on the whole; Yecheng County was divided into ecological protection zones（81.79%）, protected development zones（14.79%）, development protected zones（2.78%） and development and construction zones（0.64%）. Using the minimum cumulative resistance model to evaluate the suitability of land and space development could be closer to the objective reality of arid counties. The ecological environment in arid areas was fragile, and the development of land space had a great impact on the ecological environment. In the future, it should be continued to promote the construction of ecological civilization, improve the quality of land space development, implement cultivated land protection and land improvement,strengthen regional ecological environment protection and restoration, continuously optimize development patterns,promote suitability evaluation, and adapt the functions of suitable areas to the planning and construction.

Interaction between urbanization and ecological environment in China from a multi-scale perspective

CAO Wan-yun, LU Fei-xia, MA Pei-kun, XIA Meng-ying, LIU Yu-mei, ZHAO Zhi-chuang, SONG Yi-he

2023, 62(3):  104-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.018

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Based on the distance coordination model, the Tapio decoupling model and the geographically weighted regression model, a systematic analysis of the interaction between urbanization and the ecological environment and its influencing factors at the national level was carried out. The results showed that, from 2008 to 2018, the level of urbanization had obvious spatial differences, areas with high levels of urbanization were distributed in “dots” and “clusters”, and the change of urbanization level was relatively stable in the short term. The spatial pattern of the ecological environment quality presented the characteristics of overall stability and partial improvement. The coordinated development degree of urbanization and the ecological environment was generally on the rise, basically at a barely coordinated level, and the gap in the level of coordination among regions had narrowed. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of coordination development degree were obvious, the distribution of high value areas was relatively scattered, and the gap of decoupling index among regions had narrowed. Science and technology investment intensity and urbanization rate had a great impact on the ecological environment, and they were positively correlated with the overall situation. The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration had the highest degree of coordination between urbanization and ecological environment. The coordination development level of the central Guizhou urban agglomeration needed to be improved. The urbanization development and ecological environment protection of the central-southern Liaoning and Harbin-Changchun urban agglomerations were relatively slow.

Analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics and driving factors of urban land expansion in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration

ZHANG Xue-ting, LU Bin-bin, YU Dan-lin, ZHENG Jiang-hua

2023, 62(3):  116-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.019

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The urban land monitoring data of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 1995 to 2015 were selected, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban land use were analyzed by selecting three indicators of urban land expansion intensity index, fractal dimension and urbanization rate, and the driving forces of urban land use evolution were analyzed based on geographically weighted regression （GWR）. The results showed that the urban land expansion intensity in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration increased first, then decreased, and then slowly increased. The towns with high-speed expansion accounted for 7.7% of the total, and those with medium-speed expansion accounted for 20.2% of the total. Towns with low-speed expansion accounted for 72.1% of the total. From 1995 to 2015, the fractal dimension of all provinces in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations increased, while the fractal dimension of Anhui Province was relatively low and the change range was large; while the fractal dimension of Jiangsu Province was relatively stable, and the fractal dimension of Shanghai City showed a stable rise, and the fractal dimension of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City were higher than the average level of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations. From 1995 to 2015, economy, medical and health care, and education were the main driving forces of cities in the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, while primary industry, transportation and population were the main driving forces of cities in the northern part of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. From the perspective of spatial dimension, in 1995, economy and medical and health care were the main driving forces of the urban agglomerations in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai City. Over time, the population was the main driving force in the northern part of the urban agglomerations, while medical and health care was the main driving force in the southern part of the urban agglomerations.

Research on multifunctional evaluation of cultivated land

WANG Hui-lin, LIU Xin-ping

2023, 62(3):  125-129.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.020

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The function of cultivated land has taken on the characteristics of diversification driven by people's diversified needs and social and economic development. The multi-function evaluation of cultivated land can not only help the public to establish the multi-function value of cultivated land, but also improve the comprehensive benefit of cultivated land according to local conditions. Through studying the related literature of cultivated land multi-function evaluation, it was concluded that the multi-function of cultivated land was derived from the agricultural multi-function, and the multi-function evaluation of cultivated land showed a trend from “single evaluation” to “comprehensive research”, which was embodied in the multifunctional use of cultivated land, multi-source data, integrational method and multi-dimensional analysis. Based on this, the shortcomings of cultivated land multifunctional evaluation was discussed and the research trend of cultivated land multifunctional evaluation was analyzed.

Pollution Control

Effects of different passivation treatments and foliar blocking agents on remediation of Cd-contaminated rice fields

WANG Jin-wen, GU Zhu-yu, PI Jie, TANG Dong-hai, ZHOU Zhi-yuan, ZHANG Jian-yun

2023, 62(3):  130-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.021

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Field experiments were carried out in the Cd polluted area of Zhichanghe Town of Songzi City, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and analyze the effects of different passivation treatments and foliar blocking agents on soil pH, available Cd and Cd content in brown rice were analyzed. The results showed that different treatments could increase soil pH （0.16%~6.06%） to some extent and decrease the content of available Cd in soil. Compared with the control, the content of available Cd in soil decreased by 3.57%~33.33%. Foliar blocking agents had no significant effect on soil pH and available Cd content, but could effectively inhibit Cd transport in rice and reduce Cd content in brown rice. Soil conditioner and heavy metal passivator could regulate soil pH properly and reduce the content of available Cd in soil, and then reduce the absorption of Cd by rice. 3 750 mL/hm² foliar blocking agents +1 200 kg/hm² soil conditioner +1 200 kg/hm² heavy metal passivator had the best treatment effect. The Cd content in brown rice was the lowest, and the Cd content in soil and brown rice decreased by 33.33% and 44.95%, respectively.

Study on treatment of nickel-containing wastewater by alga-bacteria biofilm and changes of the extracellular polymeric substances

REN Yun-yun, ZHANG Sha, PEI Cuo-ping, ZHANG Zhi-lin

2023, 62(3):  135-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.022

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To explore the feasibility of algal-bacteria biofilm's treatment for nickel-containing wastewater, alga-bacteria biofilm was obtained by filming algae and bacteria enrichment in natural urban water, and nickel-containing solution was treated under different operating parameters to study the adsorption amount of nickel and the change of extracellular polymer substance（EPS） content of algal bacteria biofilm under different conditions. The results showed that the algas after enrichment and filming belonged to Chlorella, which had a higher treatment effect on nickel-containing wastewater. The treatment effect was best when pH was 8 and the temperature was 35 ℃. Nickel adsorption equilibrium was reached within 3 days and the removal rate was more than 70%. At the same time, the content of polysaccharides in alga-bacteria biofilm with time was positively correlated with nickel adsorption amount, which proved that it was the main substance in nickel adsorption, while ATP content could reflect the stress process of alga-bacteria biofilm. Under the stress of nickel, the content of extracellular polymer substances in alga-bacteria biofilm decreased with the increase of stress. From the perspective of adsorption amount, its tolerance to nickel was 10 mg/L. Within this range, adsorption amount increased with the increase of the nickel concentration, up to 2.358 mg. However, adsorption amount decreased significantly when the nickel concentration continued to increase.

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and source analysis of the inflow nitrogen of Jialing River basin from 1988 to 2018

ZHANG Ming-yao, WEN Wen, ZHONG Yong-lin, LYU Ming-quan, GAO Xiu-fang

2023, 62(3):  141-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.023

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Based on the Global News-2 model, the inflow nitrogen load of Jialing River basin in 1988, 1999, 2007 and 2018 was calculated, and the nitrogen flux of hydrological stations in Jialing River basin was verified to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and sources of the inflow nitrogen were analyzed. The results showed that Global News-2 model simulated the inflow nitrogen load of Jialing River basin well, and during 1988—2018, the inflow nitrogen load of Jialing River basin increased by 380 000 t, from 6.3×10⁵ t to 10.1×10⁵ t; the temporal and spatial variation of the inflow nitrogen load of Jialing River basin was obvious, which was greatly affected by runoff. The Fujiang and Qujiang River systems were the main sources of nitrogen in Jialing River basin. The nitrogen contribution of the two basins accounted for about 70%; there was a large difference of nitrogen load in different counties and cities and different land use types, and the nitrogen load values of cultivated land and residential areas were high; the chemical fertilizer application was the primary source, contributing 31.6%~49.0% of nitrogen in the basin.

Soil organochlorine pesticide pollution and health risk assessment in paddy field along Nandu River

WANG Jing, CHEN Bi-shan, YE Lin-hai, LU Zhi-qing, ZHONG Shi-ming, LI Yan-song, LI Ye, FENG Ting-ting, SONG Jun-xia

2023, 62(3):  149-156.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.024

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26 soil samples were collected from the upper, middle and lower reaches of Nandu River in Leizhou City, Guangdong Province, and the residual organochlorine pesticides in soil were determined by gas chromatography. The health risk assessment model and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the risk caused by organochlorine residues in rice soil along the Nandu River in Leizhou City, Guangdong Province. The results showed that hexachlorobenzene, o,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, α-HCH were detected in rice fields and soils along the Nandu River. The detection rate of hexachlorobenzene was the highest, which was 96.15%, and the detection rate of p,p′-DDE was 92.31%. The detection rates of p,p′-DDD and o,p′-DDT were 84.62% and 76.92%, respectively. These components were the main pollution sources of organochlorine residues in agricultural soil. Among them, DDT isomer p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDD had a higher load on the first principal component, which might be related to the past application of dicofol. There was a significant difference in organochlorine pesticide residues in the basin, and the overall performance was middle reaches > lower reaches > upper reaches. Health risk assessment results showed that all kinds of organochlorine pollution to human health risk was low, and belonged to the acceptable level.

Pollution factors identification and risk assessment of groundwater around a livestock and poultry farm in Nanyang City

SHI Guo-wei, LI Ya-song, LIU Ya-ci, CAO Sheng-wei, DUN Yu

2023, 62(3):  157-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.025

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A livestock and poultry farm in Neixiang County, Nanyang City was chosen as the research object and a total of 11 groundwater samples were collected in its surrounding areas. The test indicators included 35 conventional indicators and 24 antibiotic indicators. Water chemical analysis, groundwater quality assessment, pollution assessment and health risk assessment were carried out by using mathematical statistics, Piper diagram, correlation analysis, pollution index method and health risk assessment model. The results showed that the characteristic pollution factors of groundwater around the farm included total hardness, nitrate, lead, iron and manganese. The antibiotic components with relatively high concentrations were josamycin, lincomycin, norfloxacin, danofloxacin and flumequine, among which lincomycin had the highest pollution risk. The health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was mainly caused by oral intake of nitrate nitrogen and lead, and the maximum non-carcinogenic health risk index reached 0.908 and 0.875, respectively, which was close to the risk threshold. Finally, the causes of pollution were analyzed based on the geological conditions and human factors of the study area.

Ecology & Environment

Spatial-temporal dynamic simulation of ecological carrying capacity in upper reaches of Luanhe River Basin based on CA-Markov model

HU Xing-xing, CHEN Xing, LU Juan-juan, CHEN Xia, ZHANG Qi-cheng

2023, 62(3):  165-172.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.026

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Based on the three-phase land use data in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the ecological footprint based on the ecosystem service value model was used to calculate the total amount of ecological carrying capacity of three phases and different land use types in the upper reaches of Luanhe River Basin, a spatial distribution map of ecological carrying capacity was drawn, and its historical change trend and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. Based on the CA-Markov model, the land use pattern of the basin in 2030 was stimulated, and the future ecological carrying capacity of the watershed was predicted. The results showed that the settlement and water area of the upper reaches of Luanhe River Basin grew rapidly, and the conversion of forest and grassland was active. The grassland area was mostly transferred out, but it was still the dominant land class in the basin. With the active conversion of land use types, the ecological carrying capacity of the river basin generally showed a trend of “first decreasing and then increasing”. The forecast results showed that the ecological carrying capacity of the basin was predicted to increase from 1 844 795 ghm² to 2 032 204 ghm² between 2020 and 2030, an increase of 10.16%, and the cantribution of water area to the ecological carrying capacity of the basin was outstanding. The overall pattern of ecological carrying capacity in the upper reaches of Luanhe River Basin was characterized by high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the internal units showed a trend of patch aggregation in space with time.

Spatio-temporal evolution of coupling coordination of production-living-ecological space in the Yellow River Basin

WANG Lei, ZHAN Pu-yuan, GUO Yue

2023, 62(3):  173-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.027

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Combined with the coupling coordination model, the data on Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2018 was used to calculate coupling degree and coupling coordination degree, and the spatio-temporal evolution of production-living-ecological space was analyzed. The results showed that, in the past 16 years, the coupling degree of production-living-ecological space in the Yellow River Basin increased year by year, and experienced a transition from the antagonistic period to the coordinated coupling period. The coupling coordination degree showed a fluctuating rising trend, and nearly 80% of the regions improved from extreme misalignment to mild misalignment, but the regional differences were not obvious. The coupling coordination degree between every two of the production-living-ecological space was rising at different rates. The growth rate of “living-ecological” coupling coordination degree was less than that of the “production-living” and the “production-ecological” coupling coordination degree.

Temporal and spatial variation of NDVI and its relationship with topographic factors in Liaoning Province

HAI Yan, HE Meng-qi, SUN Yong-qi, ZHENG Shu-yuan, WANG Jian-xiong

2023, 62(3):  182-186.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.028

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Based on the monthly synthetic NDVI products of MODIS and the topographic data of Liaoning Province （including elevation, slope and aspect）, the temporal and spatial changes of NDVI and the correlation between NDVI and topographic factors in Liaoning Province from 2001 to 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the vegetation situation in Liaoning Province had been slightly improved in the past 20 years. Spatially, the area of vegetation degradation was small and the area of improvement was large. Affected by the low altitude of Liaoning Province, the overall temperature in the study area would not decrease with the increase of altitude, so the elevation of Liaoning Province was directly proportional to the NDVI. The higher the altitude, the greater the NDVI. The NDVI increased first and then decreased with the increase of slope, and the NDVI was the largest on the steep slope. The relationship between slope direction and vegetation was weak, there was no obvious difference, and the north was slightly higher than the south.

Effect of straw mulching on land bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure

WANG Sheng-wei, ZHOU Yong-xin, WANG Li-xia, XU Hao, WANG Wen-fei, SHAO Lei

2023, 62(3):  187-193.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.029

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To analyze the effect of straw mulching on animal husbandry, the land bearing capacity （LBC） of livestock and poultry manure gained by the pig equivalent method and the summation method comparing straw mulching with not mulching respectively were calculated. The results showed that compared with PM, the amount of manure in Heilongjiang Province and phosphorus in the manure calculated by SM increased by 37.5% and 28.5% respectively, while the amount of the nitrogen in the manure decreased by 28.8%, the LBC of the manure nitrogen increased by 40.4% （not mulching） and 9.4% （mulching）, and the LBC of the manure phosphorus decreased by 22.1% （not mulching） and 8.4% （mulching）. Straw mulching decreased the LBC of the manure nitrogen and phosphorus by 70.1%, 67.7% （PM） and 76.7%, 62.0% （SM） respectively. With straw mulching, the provincial indexes of the nitrogen and phosphorus LBC were 1.23, 1.60 （PM） and 1.34, 1.46 （SM）. And without straw mulching, the indexes of the nitrogen and phosphorus LBC were 4.10, 4.94 （PM） and 5.76, 3.85 （SM）. In the case of straw not mulching, both nitrogen and phosphorus LBC （calculated by SM and PM） of all cities in this province were more than the amount of livestock and poultry （ALP）. In the case of straw mulching, the nitrogen LBC of Hegang City, Suihua City, Daqing City and phosphorus LBC of Daqing City were less than the ALP （PM）, the nitrogen LBC of Daqing City and phosphorus LBC of Qiqihar City, Suihua City, Mudanjiang City, Daqing City were less than the ALP （SM）. Nutrients from straw mulching decreased the land bearing capacity of manure and the development potential of animal husbandry.

Coupling relationship between population distribution and natural environment in Hubei Province based on the geo-detector method

WANG Jiang-hui, ZHOU Peng, QIN Zhao, LIU Ya-ting, WANG Run-ze

2023, 62(3):  194-201.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.030

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Based on the population location data of the LBS network, combined with different natural environment factors, the influence of different natural environments on the spatial pattern of the population was analyzed using GIS and geodetector software. The results showed that： ①The population spatial pattern of Hubei Province was characterized by dense in the east and sparse in the west, and concentrated in the south and dispersed in the north; ②The intensity of the influence of natural environmental factors on the spatial distribution of the population from large to small was annual average temperature, average elevation, relative height difference, surface roughness, river network density, annual average precipitation, relative humidity, dryness, and net primary productivity; ③Between different natural environmental factors, except for annual average precipitation and relative humidity, there were no significant differences between and other factors. ④The superposition of any two types of natural environmental factors affected the spatial pattern of population in two-factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement.

Study on ecological value accounting of forest resources in Banma County, Qinghai Province

ZHANG Zhi, QIAN Yu-ping

2023, 62(3):  202-207.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.031

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Taking Banma County of Qinghai Province as an example, the ecological value of forest resources in this area in 2020 was calculated and analyzed by using the alternative engineering method, market price method and shadow price method. The results showed that the total ecological value of forest resources in Banma County in 2020 was 19.643 billion yuan, of which the four ecological values of water conservation value, carbon fixation and oxygen production function value, soil and water conservation function value and biodiversity value were the main ecological service function value of forest resources in Banma County, accounting for 93.92% of the total value. According to the research conclusions, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing the forest resources protection and management policies and systems, establishing a scientific and reasonable ecological benefit compensation mechanism, and increasing capital investment and policy support, in order to provide technical support for forest resources protection and management, as well as case reference and method reference for forest resources ecological value accounting in other regions.

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of beautiful villages in Southwest China

ZHANG Miao, CHEN Ya-ying, YANG Qiang, GUO Yi

2023, 62(3):  208-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.032

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Based on the data of China's beautiful leisure villages （hereinafter referred to as beautiful villages） published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China from 2010 to 2022 in Southwest China （Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City）,the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of beautiful villages in Southwest China were explored by using methods such as nearest proximity index, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and superposition analysis. The results showed that there were obvious aggregation characteristics in the spatial distribution of beautiful villages in Southwest China, showing the characteristics of uneven distribution of multiple cores. Its spatial distribution had always shown a northeast-southwest pattern, and the center of gravity shifted from southwest to northeast. Natural environmental conditions were the basis for the formation of spatial differentiation in beautiful villages; human factors played a driving role in the spatial differentiation of beautiful villages in Southwest China.

Research progress on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in extreme environments

YUAN Jia-lin, WANG Yu-jing, WANG Long, LIU Jie

2023, 62(3):  213-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.033

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Biological nitrogen fixation is an important part of the entire planet's nitrogen cycle, and is the main source of initial productivity in the extreme environment. It has a great impact on the global ecosystem and has been a hot spot of international concern for a long time. This article briefly reviewed recent research progress on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and their effects in extreme environments such as oceans（including deep seas）, north and south poles, mountains, plateaus, glaciers and so on, and some ideas and prospects for future research directions were put forward.

Weather & Climate

Research on the suitable habitat for Moschus berezovskii based on maximum entropy model（MaxEnt） in climatic background

ZHAO Jin-peng, WANG Qing, ZHENG Cheng-li, HU Jing-yuan, WANG Ru-lin, JIANG Gan

2023, 62(3):  218-223.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.034

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According to the published geographic distribution data and habitat climate data of Moschus berezovskii in China, the key meteorological factors affecting the probability of existence of Moschus berezovskii were extracted by knife cutting method. The MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were used to analyze the habitat range of Moschus berezovskii in China under different scenarios. The results showed that eight key climate factors had important influences on the distribution of Moschus berezovskii, including precipitation in the warmest season, mean temperature in the driest season, precipitation in the wettest season, annual average temperature, seasonal temperature difference, mean temperature in the wettest season, mean temperature in the warmest season and precipitation in the driest season; the habitat prediction model of Moschus berezovskii was examined by receiver operating characteristic curve, and the prediction results reached an excellent level （AUC=0.993）. Under the current scenario, the suitable area of Moschus berezovskii was mainly distributed in the south of Tengchong-Mohe line, with an area of 4.13×10⁶ km², accounting for 43% of China's land area; under the scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the suitable area of Moschus berezovskii decreased in the 2050s（2040—2059）, and the lowly suitable area decreased up to 50%; compared with the 2050s, the suitable area of Moschus berezovski increased under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios in 2080s（2070—2089）, but it decreased under RCP8.5 scenarios. The southeast region, which was dominated by plain and hilly landforms, would respond poorly to future climate change, while the southwest region, which was dominated by mountainous landforms, would respond well to future climate change. Therefore, it was suggested to establish a Moschus berezovskii reserve with the southwest region as the core, and strictly control the personnel entering the reserve, so as to achieve the purpose of better protecting the wild Moschus berezovskii.

Evaluation of automatic observation technology for agricultural meteorology of winter wheat and summer corn

ZHANG Zhi-hong, SHI Gui-fen, LI Shu-ling

2023, 62(3):  224-229.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.035

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In three national first-class agricultural meteorological observation test stations in Zhengzhou, Hebi and Huangfan district of Henan Province, 5 sets of observation equipment of Aerospace New Meteorological Technology Co., Ltd. and Henan Zhongyuan Optoelectronics Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd. were used to conduce continuous automatic observation experiments on the growth period, canopy height, density, leaf area index and dry matter of winter wheat and summer corn from 2016 to 2020, and at the same time, manual comparative observation was carried out. The results showed that the identification error of winter wheat in the growth period was usually within 4 days. The error in turning green and jointing period was more than 5 days, which should be supplemented by artificial observation. The average error of canopy height identification was less than 10 cm. The density fluctuated greatly during the growth period, and the effect of automatic identification was poor. The identification error of summer corn in the growth period was generally less than 4 days, and artificial observation was temporarily needed to assist in jointing, milk-ripening and ripening stages. The identification effect of the density and height was good. The identification effects on growth period, growth evaluation, canopy height and corn density of winter wheat and summer corn were good, which could be popularized and applied after optimization. However,the identification effect of the leaf area index and dry matter quality was poor, so there were no conditions for business promotion, and the algorithm or recognition technology should be improved.

Discussion on abundant year and lean year for relative meteorological yield of cotton in Hubei Province based on climatic suitability

TANG Yang, QIN Peng-cheng, LIU Zhi-xiong, LIU Kai-wen, XIAO Wei-yu

2023, 62(3):  230-234.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.036

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The climate suitability of cotton in each growth period was calculated by selecting three climate influencing factors（light, air temperature and effective precipitation） based on meteorological data of 50 counties （cities and districts） in cotton planting areas of Hubei Province from 1981 to 2020. The entropy weight method was used to weight the climate suitability of each growth period to obtain the comprehensive climate suitability of the whole growth period in Hubei Province, and the prediction model of cotton relative meteorological yield in abundant and lean years based on the comprehensive climate suitability was constructed. The results showed that, since 1981, the climate suitability of cotton in Hubei Province had shown a fluctuating trend of “down-up-down”. Compared with other growth periods, the flowering and bolling stage of cotton was suitable for cotton growth. The variation coefficient of the sowing and bud stages was large, which was 21.9% and 20.9%, respectively. The proportion of historical fitting accuracy by applying the prediction model of cotton relative meteorological yield in abundant and lean years was 94.7%. The cotton relative meteorological yield extrapolation forecast from 2019 to 2020 was completely consistent with the fact, which showed that the fitting result was good and could basically meet the needs of business services.

Change characteristics of cold dew wind and its influence on rice （indica rice） in recent 68 years in Jingzhou City

DENG Yan-jun, YANG Chang-bin, LIU Zhi-xiong, YE Pei, LIU Shi-hui, LIU Kai-wen

2023, 62(3):  235-240.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.037

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Based on the meteorological data of the Jingzhou national meteorological observation station in the past 68 years from 1953 to 2020, the cold dew wind grade index of the main rice varieties was determined, and the occurrence situation and evolution law of the cold dew wind in Jingzhou City were analyzed. Taking 2020 as an example, the effect of cold dew wind on indica rice was analyzed. The results showed that different rice varieties had different resistance to low temperature. The cold dew wind index for indica hybrid rice should be the daily average temperature below 23 ℃ for 3 consecutive days or more, and the cold dew wind index for indica conventional rice should be the daily average temperature below 22 ℃ for 3 consecutive days or more. The earliest cold dew wind could occur in mid-to-late August, and the latest occurred in early October. The frequency of moderate and severe cold dew wind was higher from mid-to-late September to early October. After 2000, the beginning of the cold dew wind was obviously ahead, and the amplitude increased. The cold dew wind in 2020 caused the production reduction of single cropping late rice, shrimp rice, double cropping late rice and ratoon rice to different degrees. From the perspective of safe heading, the safe full heading period of indica conventional rice in Jingzhou City was September 13, and the safe full heading period of indica hybrid rice was September 12. The sowing period of double-season late rice, one-season rice and direct-seeding shrimp rice should be reasonably arranged.

Monitoring and evaluation on drought in the growing season of Heilongjiang Province based on FY-3D_TVDI

XU Zuo-min, WU Shuang, WU Ying, GONG Li-juan, JIANG Li-xia, SUN Tao, CHENG Chun-xiang, XIE Lian-ni

2023, 62(3):  241-248.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.038

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A Ts-NDVI feature space was constructed based on FY-3D meteorological satellite data, and the temperature vegetation dryness index （TVDI） was calculated. The temporal and spatial distribution of drought in the main agricultural areas of Heilongjiang Province in the 2020 growing season was evaluated. In addition, the impact factor of TVDI was studied based on elevation, slope and meteorological data. The results showed that,in the 2020 growing season, a significant regional difference was found on the spatial distribution of TVDI in agricultural areas in Heilongjiang Province, indicating a trend of humidity in north and east, arid in western, central, and southern regions. The TVDI in the east agricultural areas, which was normal or partial waterlogging, was mainly distributed from 0.2 to 0.6. There were 2 typical drought events in other agricultural areas, and the drought peaks were in mid-May and early September.With the 400 m elevation as the cut-off point, the TVDI in the less than 400 m elevation region was positively correlated with the elevation, and the TVDI above the 400 m elevation region was negatively correlated with the elevation. The slope inflection point was 3.5°. TVDI gradually increased with the increase of the slope before the inflection point, and slowly decreased with the increase in the slope after the inflection point. The impact of ten-day average temperature on TVDI was greater than that of ten-day cumulative precipitation, and the average temperature had a continuous impact on TVDI, lasting about 10 to 20 days.

Analysis of the drought characteristics of Longdong Loess Plateau based on the daily SPEI

ZHANG Tian-feng, JIANG Hui-feng, ZHANG Ke-xin, CHE Xiang-jun, ZHANG Xue-jiao, HE Shu-zhou

2023, 62(3):  249-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.03.039

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According to daily meteorological data from 8 national meteorological stations in Longdong region from 1969 to 2020, the drought climate characteristics of the Longdong Loess Plateau based on the Copula function were analyzed by using daily SPEI drought index, drought frequency and drought intensity. The results showed that Longdong region appeared more droughts in Zhengning, Ningxian and Qingcheng, extreme droughts in Huachi and Zhenyuan, severe droughts in Heshui and Ningxian, moderate droughts in Huanxian and Qingcheng, and light droughts in Qingcheng and Zhengning. During the extreme drought process, the precipitation at each station varied greatly in the drought period, indicating local characteristics existed in spatial distribution and temporal changes of drought. The inter-annual and inter-month variations of the SPEI drought index at each station showed the same phase fluctuation feature. Specifically, drought or humidity occurred simultaneously in most years, but there was a temporal and spatial difference in the degree of drought and humidity. During the 1990s and 2004—2013, droughts frequently occurred, and the number of drought occurrences varied greatly among stations. The Copula simulation results indicated that, the BB1 model at Zhengning Station provided a better fitting effect than Fischer-Hinzmann and Roch-Alegre model, followed by Marshal-Olkin at Zhenyuan Station, and t model at Qingcheng Station. However, the simulation model at Xifeng Station and Heshui Station showed the worst fitting effects. The analysis also found that SPEI drought index made the drought comparable in space and time, but it had limitations in reflecting the difference in drought under different climatic background conditions. There was no significant difference in the drought index between the regions with the largest and smallest climatic humidities in the region, thus resulting in a generally lighter judgment on the drought-prone areas.