不同施肥处理对小麦根际土壤真菌多样性及根腐病的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.21.007

湖北农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (21): 30-34，50.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.21.007

不同施肥处理对小麦根际土壤真菌多样性及根腐病的影响

刘东海¹, 张学江¹, 王鹏², 胡诚¹, 乔艳¹, 张智¹, 李双来¹

1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064;
2.枣阳市农业技术推广中心,湖北枣阳 441200

收稿日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2020-11-10 发布日期:2020-12-21
通讯作者: 李双来,研究员,主要从事资源循环利用研究,（电子信箱）156691670@qq.com。
作者简介:刘东海（1984-）,男,河北邯郸人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养和土壤肥力方面的研究,（电话）18627905719（电子信箱）liudonghai111@126.com;
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0200608）

Effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat root rot and the diversity of fungi in rhizosphere soil

LIU Dong-hai¹, ZHANG Xue-jiang¹, WANG Peng², HU Cheng¹, QIAO Yan¹, ZHANG Zhi¹, LI Shuang-lai¹

1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zaoyang City, Zaoyang 441200, Hubei, China

Received:2020-04-10 Online:2020-11-10 Published:2020-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设置不施肥（T1）、习惯施肥（T2）、推荐施肥（T3）和有机肥替代50%化肥（T4）4个处理,旨在研究不同施肥对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）根际土壤真菌多样性及根腐病的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理小麦根系活力从大到小依次为T4、T3、T2、T1。T3处理平均产量为5 878.95 kg/hm²,比T2处理仅减少66.45 kg/hm²,比T4处理增产1 111.80 kg/hm²。施用化肥降低了土壤pH以及真菌群落的丰富度和多样性,改变了真菌群落结构。禾谷镰刀菌的相对丰度从大到小依次为T2、T4、T3、T1,麦根腐平脐蠕孢的相对丰度和根腐病病情指数均表现为T4较低。因此,在推荐施肥量下,适当降低有机肥替代化肥的比例才能保障产量,同时降低根腐病发病率。

关键词: 小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）, 根际土壤, 真菌多样性, 根腐病

Abstract: Four treatments were set up, including no fertilization （T1）, conventional fertilization （T2）, recommended fertilization （T3） and organic fertilizers replace 50% chemical fertilizers （T4）, in order to study the effect of different fertilization on the diversity of fungi and root rot of wheat rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the order of root activity of different fertilization treatments was T4, T3, T2 and T1 from big to small. The yield of recommended fertilization was 5 878.95 kg/hm²,only 66.45 kg/hm² lower than that of conventional fertilization,and 1 111.80 kg/hm² more than that of organic substitution. The use of chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH and the richness and diversity of fungal communities, which changed the structure of fungal communities. The relative abundance of Fusarium graminearum was T2, T4, T3 and T1 from large to small. The relative abundance of Bipolaris sorokiniana and the index of wheat root rot were all low in T4. Therefore, properly reducing the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer under the recommended amount of fertilizer can not only ensure the yield, but also reduce the incidence of root rot.

Key words: wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, rhizosphere soil, fungal diversity, root rot disease

中图分类号:

刘东海, 张学江, 王鹏, 胡诚, 乔艳, 张智, 李双来. 不同施肥处理对小麦根际土壤真菌多样性及根腐病的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2020, 59(21): 30-34，50.

LIU Dong-hai, ZHANG Xue-jiang, WANG Peng, HU Cheng, QIAO Yan, ZHANG Zhi, LI Shuang-lai. Effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat root rot and the diversity of fungi in rhizosphere soil[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2020, 59(21): 30-34，50.

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不同施肥处理对小麦根际土壤真菌多样性及根腐病的影响

Effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat root rot and the diversity of fungi in rhizosphere soil

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