不同调理剂对大安市盐碱土壤的改良效果

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同调理剂对吉林省大安市典型苏打盐碱土壤的改良效果,采用土柱培养试验分析脱硫石膏（DG）、硫酸亚铁（FS）、黄腐酸钾（PF）、糠醛渣（FR）4种调理剂对盐碱土壤障碍因子的消减作用,通过聚类分析、主成分分析、熵权-TOPSIS法等数据分析方法筛选调理剂复配组分;并采用盆栽试验进一步探究不同复配方式对土壤的改良效果及作物生长的影响,利用熵权-TOPSIS法优选适用于大安市苏打盐碱土壤的调理剂配方。结果表明,单独施加硫酸亚铁和脱硫石膏能够显著降低土壤pH和碱化度（P<0.05）;黄腐酸钾能够显著提升土壤速效钾和水解性氮含量并降低土壤pH和碱化度（P<0.05）;糠醛渣能够有效提高有机质含量。在复配条件下,效果最佳的调理剂组合为黄腐酸钾:脱硫石膏:硫酸亚铁=2:1:1,添加量为0.5%,与对照相比,该组合土壤pH降低6.29%,碱化度降低36.80%,有机质含量增加5.06%,水稻株高和地上部单株鲜重分别提高18.44%和38.04%。

关键词: 盐碱土壤, 调理剂, 淋溶, 化学改良, 大安市

Abstract: To study the improvement effects of different conditioners on the typical soda-saline-alkali soil in Daʼan City, Jilin Province, a soil column incubation experiment was conducted to analyze the reduction effects of four conditioners of desulfurized gypsum(DG), ferrous sulfate(FS), potassium fulvate(PF), and furfural residue(FR) on the limiting factors of saline-alkali soil. The optimal combinations of conditioners were screened by cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and entropy weight-TOPSIS method. A pot experiment was then conducted to further investigate the effects of different conditioner combinations on soil improvement and crop growth. The most suitable conditioner combination for the soda-saline-alkali soil in Daʼan City was selected by the entropy weight-TOPSIS method. The results showed that ferrous sulfate and desulfurized gypsum significantly reduced soil pH and alkalization degree（P<0.05）. Potassium fulvate (PF) significantly increased the contents of soil available potassium and hydrolyzable nitrogen, while decreasing soil pH and alkalization degree (P<0.05). Furfural residue (FR) effectively improved soil organic matter content. Under the compound application condition, the optimal amendment combination was potassium fulvate:desulfurized gypsum:ferrous sulfate = 2:1:1,with an application rate of 0.5%. Compared with the control, this combination significantly reduced soil pH by 6.29% and alkalization degree by 36.80%, increased soil organic matter content by 5.06%, and improved the plant height and aboveground fresh weight per plant of rice by 18.44% and 38.04%, respectively.

Key words: saline-alkaline soil, conditioner, leaching, chemical improvement, Daʼan City

中图分类号:

王诗婷, 王恩彪, 魏小娜, 李济之, 孟垚, 施德志, 王永欢, 李婷婷. 不同调理剂对大安市盐碱土壤的改良效果[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(11): 71-79.

WANG Shi-ting, WANG En-biao, WEI Xiao-na, LI Ji-zhi, MENG Yao, SHI De-zhi, WANG Yong-huan, LI Ting-ting. Improvement effect of different conditioners on the saline-alkaline soil in Daʼan City[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(11): 71-79.

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