受旱对水稻和土壤镉含量及镉抗性相关微生物的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在中海拔地区遭受旱灾的典型田块进行取样,采集轻度受旱、中度受旱、严重受旱田块的水稻（Oryza sativa L.）和土壤,测定土壤和水稻不同部位Cd含量,并采用Illumina MiSeq技术分析土壤镉抗性微生物群落多样性及组成。结果表明,土壤中镉含量表现为严重受旱<中度受旱<轻度受旱,水稻各部分镉含量则呈相反趋势,但差异均不显著。高通量测序结果表明,镉抗性相关微生物种类以中度受旱最多,其次为轻度受旱,严重受旱最少;NMDS分析显示,受旱程度显著影响镉抗性相关微生物群落的结构。微生物群落分析表明变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是3个受旱组中主要的微生物菌门,但各菌门相对丰度不同,其中严重受旱下土壤中浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的相对丰度显著提高,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度显著降低;在属水平上,3个受旱组中占比最大的微生物均为出芽菌属(Gemmata),且严重受旱下土壤出芽菌属的相对丰度显著高于轻度受旱和中度受旱,中度受旱下土壤固氮螺菌属（Azospirillum）的相对丰度显著增加,轻度受旱下土壤Haliangium、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和Alloactinosynnema的相对丰度显著增加。综上,严重受旱增加了糙米Cd含量,影响镉抗性微生物群落的结构和组成,因此通过合适的水分管理有望降低土壤重金属的迁移,实现耕地的安全利用。

关键词: 镉, 受旱, 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）, 土壤, 镉抗性微生物, 微生物多样性

Abstract: Samples were collected from typical drought-affected fields in mid-altitude regions, including rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants and soils under mild, moderate and severe drought stress. The content of cadmium in soil and different parts of rice was determined, and the community diversity and composition of soil cadmium-resistant microorganisms were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq technique. The results showed that the cadmium content in soil was in the increasing order of severe drought, moderate drought and light drought, and the cadmium content in each part of rice showed the opposite trend, but the differences were all not significant. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the number of cadmium resistance-associated microorganisms was the highest under moderate drought, followed by mild drought, and the least under severe drought. NMDS analysis showed that drought exposure significantly affected the structure of cadmium resistance-associated microbial communities. The analysis of microbial communities showed that Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria were the main microbial phyla in the three groups, but the relative abundance of each phyla was different. Under severe drought, the relative abundance of Planctomycetes was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased. At the genus level, Gemmata was the most dominant microorganism across all three drought-treated groups. Notably, its abundance in severe drought soil was significantly higher than that in mild and moderate drought soils. Under moderate drought, the relative abundance of Azospirillum increased significantly, whereas under mild drought, the relative abundances of Haliangium, Pseudomonas, and Alloactinosynnema showed significant increases. Severe drought increased the Cd content of brown rice and affected the structure and composition of cadmium resistance-associated microbial communities. Therefore, proper water management was expected to reduce the migration of heavy metals in soil and realize the safe use of cultivated land.

Key words: cadmium, drought, rice (Oryza sativa L.), soil, Cadmium-resistant microorganism, microbial diversity

中图分类号:

张慧, 王谊, 杭晓宁, 张健, 廖敦秀, 唐荣莉. 受旱对水稻和土壤镉含量及镉抗性相关微生物的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(5): 10-16.

ZHANG Hui, WANG Yi, HANG Xiao-ning, ZHANG Jian, LIAO Dun-xiu, TANG Rong-li. Effects of drought on cadmium content in rice and soil and cadmium resistance-associated microorganisms[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(5): 10-16.

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