湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3): 6-11.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.03.002

• 育种·栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多性状综合评价的小麦资源优化筛选

张嘉程1, 周济铭1, 王稳江1, 林祥2   

  1. 1.陕西农林职业技术大学生物工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100;
    2.西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-09
  • 作者简介:张嘉程(1990-),男,陕西杨凌人,讲师,硕士,主要从事作物遗传育种研究,(电子信箱)327263209@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD2300802-4); 陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2022-ST); 杨凌职业技术学院校内科研项目(ZK23-41; JG2021006)

Optimization and screening of wheat resources based on comprehensive evaluation of multiple characters

ZHANG Jia-cheng1, ZHOU Ji-ming1, WANG Wen-jiang1, LIN Xiang2   

  1. 1. College of Bioengineering, Shaanxi A&F Technology University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-09

摘要: 为了筛选高产、广适且农艺性状协调的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)基因型,以33个小麦高代品系为材料,测定株高、旗叶面积、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗下节长和产量7个性状,结合变异分析、相关分析、多元回归、主成分分析(PCA)及聚类分析进行系统评价。结果表明,群体内性状变异丰富,旗叶面积变异最大(变异系数为22.35%),株高变异最小(变异系数为6.17%)。穗数、千粒重和旗叶面积与产量均呈正相关,且多元回归分析显示,这3个性状对产量有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正效应,表明通过协同提升这些性状可实现产量提升。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分累计贡献率达72.69%,代表产量构成、光合与株型结构权衡、子粒性状权衡。聚类分析将品系分为4类,类群Ⅰ(7个品系)为高产类型,平均产量为8 265.56 kg/hm2,其中品系J32和J15表现突出。

关键词: 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.), 资源, 农艺性状, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 多性状综合评价

Abstract: In order to screen wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with high yield, wide adaptability, and coordinated agronomic traits, 33 advanced wheat lines were used as materials, and seven traits including plant height, flag leaf area, spike number, grains per spike, 1 000-grain weight, internode length below the spike, and yield were measured. A systematic evaluation was conducted through variation analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results showed that there was rich variation in traits within the population. The flag leaf area had the largest variation (with the coefficient of variation of 22.35%), while the plant height had the lowest variation (with the coefficient of variation of 6.17%). Spike number, 1 000-grain weight, and flag leaf area were positively correlated with yield, and multiple regression analysis showed that these three traits had significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) positive effects on yield, indicating that yield improvement could be achieved by synergistically improving these traits. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 72.69%, which represented yield composition, the balance of photosynthesis and plant type, and the balance of grain traits. The lines were divided into four categories by cluster analysis. Group Ⅰ(seven lines) was the high-yield type, and the average yield was 8 265.56 kg/hm2, among which the lines J32 and J15 were prominent.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resources, agronomic characters, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, comprehensive evaluation of multiple characters

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