Effects of different controlled release periods of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweet potato

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.002

Abstract

Abstract: Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments with different controlled release periods of 30 d（T30）, 50 d（T50）, 70 d（T70） and 90 d （T90） were set up in the field to investigate the effect of the controlled release periods of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweet potato[Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.], with the cultivar JiShu25 as the test material and using common compound fertilizer with equal nutrient content as control （CK）. The results showed that the appropriate controlled release periods （30~70 d） of nitrogen improved the photosynthetic performance of sweet potato leaves in the middle and late stage （80~160 d）, and promoted the rapid accumulation and transfer of underground dry matter of sweet potato. The photosynthetic terms, dry matter accumulation （accumulation amount, accumulation rate） and distribution （distribution ratio, root-shoot ratio） index of sweet potato leaves in the middle and late stage were significantly higher than CK. Among them, the treatment with controlled release periods of nitrogen of 50 d and 70 d were better. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll SPAD, underground dry matter accumulation amount, root-shoot ratio of T50 and T70 increased by 14.01%, 11.32%, 21.75%, 18.48% and 15.62%, 11.84%, 20.65%, 18.84% in the harvest time （160 d）. Underground dry matter accumulation and distribution index in the late stage（120~160 d） were lower than CK when the controlled release periods of nitrogen achieved 90 d. This indicated that long controlled release periods of nitrogen had an inhibiting effect on the rapid accumulation and transfer of underground dry matter of sweet potato.

Key words: sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.], nitrogen, controlled release period, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution

CLC Number:

MA Cun-jin, KONG Xian-kui, LI Guang-hua, GU Yan-bing, WANG Juan, ZHANG Zhe, WANG Qing-mei. Effects of different controlled release periods of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweet potato[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2024, 63(1): 7-10.

References

[1] 刘明,李洪民,张爱君,等.不同氮肥与密度水平对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2020, 35(1):122-130.
[2] TOMLINS K, OWORI C, BECHOFF A, et al.Relationship among the carotenoid content, dry matter content and sensory attributes of sweet potato[J]. Food chemistry, 2012,131(1):14-21.
[3] WOOLFE J A.Sweet potato: An untapped food resource[M].Cambridge UK: Cambridge university press, 1992.41-42.
[4] RUKUNDO P, SHIMELIS H, LAING M, et al.Storage root formation, dry matter synthesis, accumulation and genetics in sweet potato[J]. Australian journal of crop science, 2013,7(13):2054-2061.
[5] 吴春红,刘庆,孔凡美,等.氮肥施用量对不同紫甘薯品种产量和氮素效率的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):113-122.
[6] 宁运旺,曹炳阁,马洪波,等.氮肥用量对滨海滩涂区甘薯干物质积累、氮素效率和钾钠吸收的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):982-987.
[7] 陈晓光,李洪民,张爱君,等.不同氮水平下多效唑对食用型甘薯光合和淀粉积累的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(9):1728-1733.
[8] 段文学,张海燕,解备涛,等.甘薯氮素营养研究进展[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(12):14-23.
[9] 杜祥备,王家宝,刘小平,等.减氮运筹对甘薯光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(4):1253-1260.
[10] 安建刚,敬夫,丁祎,等.氮肥分期运筹对套作甘薯产量、品质及氮素效率的影响[J].作物学报, 2018,44(12):1858-1866.
[11] 张木,唐拴虎, 张发宝,等.60天释放期缓释尿素可实现早稻和晚稻的一次性基施[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017, 23(1) :119-127.
[12] 孙泽强,董晓霞,王学君,等.施氮量对多用型甘薯济薯21产量和养分吸收的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013, 45(11):70-73.
[13] 李红光. 包裹型控释肥的养分释放特征及其在主要农作物上的肥效研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[14] 姚立春,谭学留,姜新.不同施氮量对食用甘薯生长及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(23):33-35.
[15] 史春余,张晓冬,张超,等.甘薯对不同形态氮素的吸收与利用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):389-394.
[16] WALKER D W, POCHE K J, POCHE E M.Cultivar differences for nitrogen uptake and dry matter partitioning in hydroponically-grown sweet potato[J]. Communications in soil science and plant analysis,1989,20(5-6):567-580.
[17] 张向前,曹承富,乔玉强,等.不同土壤水分条件对小麦光合生理和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2015,24(4):44-50.
[18] 武文明,陈洪俭,李金才,等.氮肥运筹对孕穗期受渍冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光与籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].作物学报,2012, 38(6):1088-1096.
[19] 郑顺林,杨世民,李世林,等.氮肥水平对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(1):1-9.
[20] 宁运旺,马洪波,张辉,等.甘薯源库关系建立、发展和平衡对氮肥用量的响应[J].作物学报,2015, 41(3):432-439.
[21] 黄智鸿,申林,曹洋,等.超高产玉米与普通玉米源库关系的比较研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2007, 29(6):607-615.
[22] 陈晓光,丁艳锋,唐忠厚,等.氮肥施用量对甘薯产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015, 21(4): 979-986.
[23] 吴海云,侯松,刘庆,等.施氮量和栽插密度对甘薯群体发育和产量形成的影响[J].江苏师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019, 37(1):35-39.
[24] 董月,王会方,汪吉东,等.氮肥运筹对甘薯干物质累积及氮素吸收的影响[J].江苏师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,35(2):23-26.