Table of Content

25 January 2024, Volume 63 Issue 1

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Breeding & Cultivation

Effects of varieties and mechanical-transplanting density on rice quality under the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode

TANG Jian-peng, CHEN Jing-du, ZHANG Ming-wei, YAO Yi, WEN Kai, MIN Si-gui, LU Pei-ling

2024, 63(1):  1-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.001

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The effects of different mechanical-transplanting patterns and densities on the rice quality of Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5718, two japonica rice varieties with good taste quality, were studied. The results showed that compared with the conventional cultivation mode, the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode increased the head milled rice rate, protein content and gel consistency of rice, and decreased the chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and amylose content. The rice-shrimp co-cropping had a greater impact on the starch RVA profile characteristic values. It increased the disintegration value, and reduced the attenuation value. The rice-shrimp co-cropping improved the appearance, hardness, viscosity, equilibrium degree and taste value of the rice. The mechanical-transplanting density had a great influence on chalky grain rate and amylose content（P<0.01）, significantly affected chalkiness degree and protein content （P<0.05）,and the taste quality of rice was significantly improved with the decrease of the mechanical-transplanting density. The interaction analysis showed that varieties, mechanical-transplanting densities, patterns, and their interactions had significant effects on rice quality.

Effects of different controlled release periods of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweet potato

MA Cun-jin, KONG Xian-kui, LI Guang-hua, GU Yan-bing, WANG Juan, ZHANG Zhe, WANG Qing-mei

2024, 63(1):  7-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.002

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Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments with different controlled release periods of 30 d（T30）, 50 d（T50）, 70 d（T70） and 90 d （T90） were set up in the field to investigate the effect of the controlled release periods of nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweet potato[Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.], with the cultivar JiShu25 as the test material and using common compound fertilizer with equal nutrient content as control （CK）. The results showed that the appropriate controlled release periods （30~70 d） of nitrogen improved the photosynthetic performance of sweet potato leaves in the middle and late stage （80~160 d）, and promoted the rapid accumulation and transfer of underground dry matter of sweet potato. The photosynthetic terms, dry matter accumulation （accumulation amount, accumulation rate） and distribution （distribution ratio, root-shoot ratio） index of sweet potato leaves in the middle and late stage were significantly higher than CK. Among them, the treatment with controlled release periods of nitrogen of 50 d and 70 d were better. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll SPAD, underground dry matter accumulation amount, root-shoot ratio of T50 and T70 increased by 14.01%, 11.32%, 21.75%, 18.48% and 15.62%, 11.84%, 20.65%, 18.84% in the harvest time （160 d）. Underground dry matter accumulation and distribution index in the late stage（120~160 d） were lower than CK when the controlled release periods of nitrogen achieved 90 d. This indicated that long controlled release periods of nitrogen had an inhibiting effect on the rapid accumulation and transfer of underground dry matter of sweet potato.

Resource & Environment

Analysis of spatiotemporal changes in ecological sensitivity in Eryuan County from 2000 to 2020

WANG Yu, DONG Ya-kun, ZENG Wei-jun

2024, 63(1):  11-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.003

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Taking Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province as the research object, ENVI and ArcGIS were used for data processing to construct a multi factor ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, and single factor and comprehensive sensitivity evaluations were carried out. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the proportion of non sensitive areas, mild sensitive areas, and moderate sensitive areas of vegetation coverage index, land use type, and comprehensive ecological sensitivity in Eryuan County showed a decreasing trend;the proportion of highly sensitive areas in vegetation coverage index, land use type, and comprehensive ecological sensitivity showed an increasing trend, increasing by 31.47, 21.85, and 20.76 percentage points, respectively;the highly sensitive areas of vegetation coverage index range from sporadic distribution to a “Chuan” shaped distribution;the highly sensitive areas of land use types were distributed in most areas except for the mountainous basins in Sanying Town and Dengchuan Town;the distribution range of non sensitive and lightly sensitive areas of comprehensive ecological sensitivity was gradually shrinking, mainly distributed in mountain basins, while highly sensitive areas were mainly distributed in Luoping Mountains in the eastern and central Eryuan County. The rapid increase in the area of highly sensitive areas in Eryuan County was fundamentally due to the implementation of ecological protection policies in the Erhai River Basin.

Spatio-temporal evolution of land use and profit and loss analysis of ecosystem service value in Changji City

WANG Yun-ting, GAO Min-hua

2024, 63(1):  18-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.004

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By analyzing the remote sensing data of land use in Changji City from 2000 to 2020, the mutual transfer changes of land types and ecological value were explored under the economic development of Changji City. The results showed that the grassland area of Changji City accounted for the largest proportion of the total area, accounting for more than 40.00% in all years. The area of grassland and water showed a decreasing trend, while the area of other land types showed an increasing trend. The area of grassland turned into cultivated land was 44 715.71 hm², which was the way of largest transfer change. Through the gray prediction model, it was predicted that the area of grassland and water was still in a declining trend but slowed down in the next 15 years, and the growth of cultivated land and construction land was also gradually slowed down. From 2000 to 2020, the total value of ecosystem services in Changji City showed a decreasing trend, from 12.049 billion yuan in 2000 to 11.348 billion yuan in 2020. The value of grassland was the largest, accounting for about 60% of the total value. In the changes of the value of each ecological system service, except for the ecological function of food production and raw material production, the value of other ecological functions decreased to varying degrees. The transfer of grassland, forestland and water caused a decrease of the value of ecosystem services, among which the transfer of grassland to unused land was the land transfer category with the greatest value loss.

Research on the accounting and space utilization of gross ecosystem product in Jinzhong City

WANG Dao-yuan, WANG Jin, LIU Hui-fang, HAN Miao, MA Xin

2024, 63(1):  25-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.005

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Based on the functional price method, a framework for calculating gross ecosystem product （GEP） was constructed, and the GEP of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province in 2019 was calculated by 15 accounting subjects in three categories of supply services, regulation services, and cultural services. The spatial analysis and utilization evaluation were conducted based on the distribution of different value quantities. The results showed that the GEP of Jinzhong City in 2019 was 171.932 billion yuan, with supply services, regulation services, and cultural services accounting for 10.3%, 71.6%, and 18.1% of the total value, respectively. The GEP provided by different ecosystem types in descending order was forest, wetland, farmland and grassland. The GEP of each county （city,district） in descending order was Heshun County, Zuoquan County, Shouyang County, Xiyang County, Yushe County, Pingyao County, Yuci District, Lingshi County, Taigu District, Qi County, and Jiexiu City, with an overall distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west. Finally, based on the spatial distribution and importance of different service categories in GEP, ecological product dominant service zoning and spatial utilization evaluation were carried out in the study area.

The temporal and spatial evolution and driving force of the coordinated development of rural living environment and economy in the western region：Taking Guangxi as an example

ZHONG Xiu-feng, ZHONG Rui-sen, DONG Ye

2024, 63(1):  33-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.006

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Taking 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 as the research time nodes, the entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to measure the quality of rural living environment and regional economic development in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi, the coupling coordination model was used to measure the coupling coordination degree of the two, and the optimal parameter geo-detector model was used to explore the driving factors of rural living environment quality. The results showed that the quality of rural living environment and the level of regional economic development in Guangxi from 2005 to 2020 showed a gradual upward trend. The high-value areas of rural living environment were mainly distributed in northern and western Guangxi, and the low-value areas were distributed in southern and central Guangxi, the high-value areas of regional economic development level were distributed in the northern area of Guangxi, and the low-value areas were distributed in the western area of Guangxi; the degree of coupling coordination between the two had steadily improved, but the level of coordination was not high, and the coordination changes showed the characteristics of gradually radiating and spreading from a single core area to the surrounding areas; the driving force of the rural living environment was mainly related to the level of rural communication facilities, the per capita housing area in rural areas, the effective irrigation efficiency of farmland, and the per capita consumption level of farmers.

Effects of fulvic acid potassium on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao

LI Hui, LI Bai-yun

2024, 63(1):  42-46.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.007

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Five-year-old Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao trees were used as materials, and ¹⁵N trace technique was used to study the effects of 0 kg/plant （CK）, 0.5 kg/plant （T1）, 1.0 kg/plant （T2） and 1.5 kg/plant （T3） potassium fulvic acid organic fertilizer on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Z. jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao in the field experiment. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of Z. jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao increased with the increase of fulvic acid potassium supply level. The nitrogen accumulation of T3 was the highest （59.66 g/plant） at fruit maturity. The nitrogen accumulation of leaves and fruits was high in each treatment. The three fulvic acid potassium treatments significantly improved the nitrogen absorption and regulation ability （Ndff values） and ¹⁵N absorption of plants（P<0.05）, and the order from high to low was T3, T2, T1, and CK. In terms of the Ndff value of different organs, the value of the fruit was the highest. The ¹⁵N distribution rate of each organ of plants with different treatments was different, and the storage organ （fruit） was high. Compared to CK, the ¹⁵N utilization rates of three fulvic acid potassium treatments increased by 2.27 to 5.34 percentage points, and T3 was the best （8.92%）. Comprehensive analysis showed that the ¹⁵N absorption and utilization of Z. jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao was the best, when combined with fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer of 1.5 kg/plant.

Soil nutrients characteristics of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. plantation in Yulin City

BAI Xiao-xia, CUI Jie, ZHOU Qian-qiang, QI Kai-le

2024, 63(1):  47-51.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.008

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In order to investigate the characteristics of soil nutrient changes of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. plantation in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, a 5-year-old pure plantation and a 5-year-old mixed plantation of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. were selected as the research objects, and the changes of soil organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil enzyme activity were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in pure forest of P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. （abbreviated as pure forest） and mixed forest of P. sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. （abbreviated as mixed forest） decreased with the increase of soil depth, the content of total phosphorus increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased with the increase of soil depth. The five indexes showed that the mixed forest was higher than that of pure forest, and the content of available phosphorus in each layer of mixed forest was significantly higher than that of pure forest （P<0.05）. The soil moisture content between different soil layers was no significant in pure forest and mixed forest, and the soil moisture content of 5~15 cm soil layer in mixed forest was significantly higher than that in pure forest （P<0.05）. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity, catalase activity and urease activity of pure forest and mixed forest decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the catalase activity and urease activity of mixed forest were significantly higher than those of pure forest in each soil layer （P<0.05）.

The effects of substrate types and flocs concentration on seed germination of Vallisneria natans

WEN Dong-hua, HUANG Min, XI Han, ZHAO Jun-hao, CHEN Jun-ge, WANG He-yun

2024, 63(1):  52-56.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.009

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Germination rate, cumulative germination rate and the final germination rate of Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara seeds under different substrate types and different flocs concentrations were studied. The results showed that the substrate type had a significant effect on the seed germination（P<0.05）. The final germination rate of V. natans seed with yellow mud as substrate was the highest （55.8%）, while the final germination rate of seed with sediment + sand was the lowest （33.0%）. The addition of flocs significantly reduced the final germination rate of seeds, and the final germination rate of the treatment with the largest inhibition effect （29.4%） was 19.8 percentage points lower than that of the treatment without flocs （49.2%）. In the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, ferrate, as an common flocculant, could condense pollutants in the water body and remove them from the water body to achieve the purpose of water purification. However, the flocs produced by ferrate dosing covered the surface of V. natans seeds, which would affect their germination. Comprehensive analysis, yellow mud was more suitable for the seed germination than sediment and sand, and the use of flocculants might have adverse effects on the seed germination. In practical applications, the improvement effect of flocculants on water transparency and the negative effect on the seed germination of submerged plants should be considered comprehensively.

The functional evolution of the “productive-living-ecological space”and its response to ecological environment： A case of Enshi Prefecture of Hubei Province

LI Xue, CHANG Sheng, YANG Rong, LUO Xian-tao

2024, 63(1):  57-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.010

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Taking Enshi Prefecture of Hubei Province as an example, a functional classification system of “productive-living-ecological space” was constructed, and the functional evolution of “productive-living-ecological space” and its response to the ecological environment was studied using the land use transfer matrix, center of gravity shift model, ecological environmental quality index model and ecological contribution ratio model. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2020, the overall trend of living space area was on the rise, the overall trend of ecological space area was decreasing, and the area of productive space showed a trend of first decreasing, and then increasing. The transfer distance of living space was the largest, followed by productive space, and the transfer distance of ecological space was the smallest. The overall ecological environment quality showed a downward trend. The transformation of agricultural production land into key ecological land and general ecological land, and the transformation of general ecological land into key ecological land were the major factors in the improvement of ecological environment quality; the transformation of key ecological land to agricultural production land and general ecological land were the major factors in the decline of ecological environment quality.

Plant Protection

Study on food trapping technology of Lasioderrma serricorne

HU Yi-chao, SU Zan, CHEN Yi-chang, ZHANG Yan, LIU Yong, YIN Peng

2024, 63(1):  65-69.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.011

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The food source powder and food source volatile substances of tobacco beetle（Lasioderma serricorne） were screened by using multi-directional traps to determine the food source powder and food source volatile substances that had an attractive effect on tobacco beetle. The results showed that pepper powder, tea and angelica powder had better attraction to tobacco beetle in food source powder, and α- Ionone had better attraction to tobacco beetle in volatile substances of food source. Using food source powder to make food trapping devices for tobacco beetle could achieve a long-term killing effect on tobacco beetle in cigarette production workshops. Using food source volatile substances to make tobacco beetle food source lure core, and combining with sex pheromone lure core, could play an 11% synergistic effect.

Resistance identification of ten main rice cultivars to brown planthopper in Anhui Province

XU Ming, LI Da-bang, LIN Lu-lu, XIE Ming-hui, XIAO Qing-qing, CHEN Hao-liang

2024, 63(1):  70-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.012

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The resistance to brown planthopper （BPH） of ten main rice cultivars in Anhui Province was identified by the improved International Rice Research Institute standard seedbox screening technique and mature plant identification method. The results at the seedling stage showed that seven tested cultivars were highly susceptible to BPH at grade 9, and three tested cultivars were susceptible to BPH at grade 7. The BPH resistance identification results of the same cultivar at the mature stage were different from the results of the seedling stage. Among the ten cultivars, six cultivars had higher resistance grade during the mature stage than the seedling stage, while the remaining four cultivars remained unchanged.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effect of biodegradable mulch on growth and development of Capsicum frutescens

FU Xi-hao, ZHU Jian-qiang, FAN Xian-peng, YAN Ren-kai, ZHANG Zhi-yi, WANG Ling, NI Cheng-fan

2024, 63(1):  75-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.013

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To clarify the effects of biodegradable plastic films made of different materials on the growth and development of Capsicum frutescens, field experiments were conducted using polyethylene plastic films （PE）, natural product films （PM₁, PM₂）, synthetic polymer degradable films （PBAT, PHA, etc.） （PM₃, PM₄, PM₅） to observe the warming effect of different plastic films, gegradation properties and growth characteristics of Capsicum frutescens under different plastic film covers. The results showed that the early stage of Capsicum frutescens growth （0~52 days after film mulching） was the main period of temperature increase by mulching, and plastic mulching planting mainly increased the soil temperature of 0~5 cm and 5~10 cm soil layers during this period. Among them, the warming effect of PM₅ was similar to that of PE, with an average temperature increase of over 2 ℃ in the 5~10 cm and 10~15 cm soil layers compared to CK （open field planting）. The height of chilli plants grew significantly from 24 to 47 d after mulching, with an average increase of about 20.28 cm. After 39 days of film mulching, PM₅ was increased by approximately 8.2 cm compared to CK; there were significant differences in the chlorophyll SPAD of Capsicum frutescens with different film mulching treatments after 23 days of film mulching, with PM₅ and PE significantly higher than CK, increased by 5.67 and 3.70, respectively. The effect of plastic film mulching on Capsicum frutescens showed that the cumulative yield of PM₃, PM₄ and PM₅ was significantly higher than that of CK, with an increase of 4 123, 4 445 kg/hm² and 5 552 kg/hm², respectively, and their yield increases were close to or better than that of PE, of which the effect of PM₅ on chilli yield enhancement was the most obvious. Therefore, it was recommended to use biodegradable mulch with a thickness of 0.01 mm, mainly composed of PBAT and PHA, for open-air cultivation of Capsicum frutescens.

Evaluation and technical analysis of the ecological planting model of Polygonatum sibiricum in Shaanxi Province

LI Gang, ZHANG Xin-fei, GUO Ming-hao, WANG Shi-qiang, WANG Zhe-zhi, NIU Jun-feng

2024, 63(1):  81-84.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.014

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Polygonatum sibiricum from Shaanxi Province was taken as the research object, and the ecological planting technology of Polygonatum sibiricum in Shaanxi Province was systematically analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the current planting patterns of Polygonatum sibiricum in Shaanxi Province were mainly divided into two types： Underforest planting and intercropping planting patterns. Planting Polygonatum sibiricum under the forest could effectively utilize the land resources in Shaanxi Province and form a good ecological environment. The intercropping mode of Polygonatum sibiricum created a good rhizosphere environment for the growth of Polygonatum sibiricum, improved the agro-ecological environment, and promoted the regeneration and recycling of resources.

Effect of humic acid water soluble fertilizer on the growth of loquat seedlings

XU Ya-xin, CHEN Ming-min, XIANG Yin-chun, LIN Li-jin, ZHANG Hui-fen, LUO Xian, DENG Qun-xian

2024, 63(1):  85-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.015

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In order to study the effect of foliar spraying humic acid water soluble fertilizer on the growth of loquat[Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl.] seedlings, the effects of humic acid water soluble fertilizer with different dilution ratios （700, 1 000, 1 300 and 1 600 times） on the biomass, taking spraying equal amount of water as contrast（CK）, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity of Dawuxing loquat seedlings were determined. The results showed that foliar application of different concentrations of humic acid water soluble fertilizer increased the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of the stem and leaf of loquat seedlings, and the effect was the best at 1 000 times. The activities of peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） of loquat seedlings were increased by 1 000 and 1 300 times of humic acid water soluble fertilizer. The stem and leaf biomass of loquat seedlings were positively correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, POD activity, SOD activity and CAT activity. Therefore, foliar spraying humic acid water soluble fertilizer could promote the growth of loquat seedlings, and the best was 1 000 times.

Experiment on acute toxicity of different processed products of the stem and root of Toddalia asiatica to mice

CHEN Long, CHEN Xiao-yan, ZHANG Miao, LUO Jing, DENG Ling-yu, ZHU Hua, XU Li-ba

2024, 63(1):  90-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.016

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The purpose was to understand the acute toxicity of different processing methods of the stems and roots of Toddalia asiatica on mice. After adaptive feeding for 3 days, 130 KM mouses were randomly divided into 13 groups, including the solvent control group and 12 drug-treated groups（including 1 group of raw stem product, 5 groups of processed stem products, 1 group of raw root product and 5 groups of processed root products. Processed products of stems and roots covered 5 categories： Boiled products, washed products, steamed products, wine steamed products and wine roasted products）. Mice in the solvent group were given pure water at a dose of 40 mL/kg by gavage for 3 times with an interval of 4~5 h. Mice in the drug-treated group of stem and its processed products were given 40 mL/kg by gavage for 3 times with an interval of 4~5 h. Mice in the drug-treated group of root and its processed products were given by gavage at the rate of 30 mL/kg twice, with an interval of 4~5 h. The main clinical symptoms and weight changes of mice in each group were recorded for 14 days after administration, and the mortality rate was counted. The results showed that Toddalia asiatica and its processed products could have acute toxic effects on mice and the clinical symptoms of toxicity included decreased voluntary activity, inactivity, prone position and disappearance of righting reflex. Compared with the solvent control group, the processed products of stems and roots could significantly reduce the weight of mice within 14 d, and the mortality rate was significantly higher than that of the solvent group（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Compared with the raw product group, the five processed products of stems and roots had no significant effect on the weight of mice within 14 d, and effectively reduced the mortality of mice, and the best effect of reducing toxicity was the boiling method. Boiling, washing, steaming with water, steaming with wine and roasting with wine reduced the toxic effects of raw stems and roots of Toddalia asiatica on mice, but had no significant effects on body fat of mice.

Fresh-keeping effects of different preservative combinations on cut Gerbera jamesonii

YANG Xiu-mei, ZHANG Yi-ping, ZHAO A-xiang, WANG Li-hua, QU Su-ping

2024, 63(1):  96-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.017

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Using Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Zhenai as the sample, the effects of the combination of preprocessing solution and vase preservation solution on malondialdehyde （MDA） content, cell membrane permeability, bacteria content and vase life of Gerbera jamesonii fresh-cut flowers were tested. The results showed that after 12 h treatment with preprocessing solution, MDA content and colony forming units （CFU） of Gerbera jamesonii fresh-cut flowers were significantly lower than those of the control group（deionized water） and preprocessing could decrease relative permeability of cell membrane in petals. During vase treatment, MDA content and membrane permeability of Gerbera jamesonii fresh-cut flowers decreased firstly and then increased, reaching the peaks at 14 d. CFU in anthocaulus and vase preservation solution increased gradually throughout the vase treatment. Vase preservation solutions of Chrysal cut flower food and Oasis flower food-liquid showed relatively good antibacterial effects. Chrysal professional 1 and Chrysal cut flower food were the solution combination with the best preservation effect, which could prolong vase preservation life of cut flowers, significantly. Cumulative values of MDA content, membrane permeability and CFU in preprocessing and vase preservation period were significantly lower than those of the control group.

Study on fresh processing technology and feasibility of Phellodendron chinense in the production area

HUANG Hao, HU Chang-qiang, DUAN Yuan-yuan, GUO Xiao-liang

2024, 63(1):  102-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.018

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In order to optimize the fresh processing technology of Phellodendron chinense, and verify its feasibility, the orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate the effect of process parameters on the quality of Phellodendron chinense shreds, and the quality evaluation of Phellodendron chinense shreds processed while fresh was carried out. The results showed that the initial drying temperature had a significant effect on the quality of Phellodendron chinense shreds. The initial drying temperature, initial degree of dryness and redrying temperature had extremely significant effects on the processing efficiency of Phellodendron chinense shreds. Considering the quality, drying time, and energy consumption, the optimal processing technology was natural drying or drying at 45 ℃ to 43%~50% water content before cutting into shreds, and then drying at 45 ℃ until the water content was not higher than 12%. The properties, moisture, total ash, extract, berberine and phellodendrine contents of Phellodendron chinense shreds produced from fresh processing were all in line with the requirements of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, and the quality was not significantly different from that of Phellodendron chinense shreds sold in the market, which was superior to the Phellodendron chinense shreds produced by traditional methods. Therefore, it was feasible to replace the traditional method with fresh processing at the source.

Grafting propagation technology of Michelia×alba

YANG Li-ping, LI Fang-fei, YANG Qiong, WEI Dong-ling, CHEN Li-wen, SHI Qun, WANG Peng-liang, CHEN Nai-ming

2024, 63(1):  106-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.019

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In order to explore the affinity difference of different rootstock and scion combinations of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings and the related factors affecting the growth of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings, six different rootstocks of Michelia macclurei Dandy, Michelia champaca Linn., Michelia chapensis Dandy, Michelia maudiae Dunn, Magnolia delavayi Franch. and Michelia × alba were grafted by cutting; the differences of grafting time, rootstock diameter class and substrate type were also studied. The results showed that December was the most suitable time for Michelia × alba grafting; the rootstock type had an effect on the growth and flowering of grafted seedlings. The survival rate of grafted seedlings of Michelia × alba and Michelia macclurei Dandy was higher than that of the other four rootstocks, up to 94.0%, but the grafted seedlings with Michelia macclurei Dandy as rootstock grew fastest; different rootstock types of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings had different budding periods. The Michelia × alba grafted seedlings with Magnolia delavayi Franch. as rootstock had the earliest budding period, and the budding rate was 68.2% after four months of grafting, and the budding rate of the self-rooted seedlings was the lowest, only 12.7%. The rootstock diameter class had an effect on the survival rate of grafted seedlings. When the rootstock ground diameter was greater than 0.8 cm, the survival rate of grafted seedlings was the highest, reaching 94.1%. When the rootstock ground diameter was less than or equal to 0.5 cm, the survival rate of grafted seedlings was significantly reduced. The survival rate and growth of grafted seedlings were affected by the seedling culture medium. The survival rate and growth of seedlings in the medium of 70.0% yellow core soil∶25.0% peat soil∶4.5% rice bran and 95.0% yellow core soil∶4.5% rice bran combined with 0.5% long-term controlled-release fertilizer were better than other combinations. There were many factors affecting the quality of grafted seedlings. The results of the study showed that the rootstock type affected the survival rate and flowering characteristics of grafted seedlings; grafting time, rootstock diameter class and substrate type all had effects on seedling survival rate and growth.

Effects of three growth regulators on shoot growth and fruit quality of winter jujube cultivated in facilites

WU Yu-rong, ZHANG Dong-hai, CUI Yu-xue, ZHENG Qiang-qing, NIU Ling-lei, JI Guang-peng, QIAN Dan-dan, CHANG Xin-yi

2024, 63(1):  112-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.020

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The effects of three growth regulators, including prohexadione calcium, paclobutrazol and uniconazole, on the growth of new shoots and fruit quality of 3-year winter jujube were investigated. With water as the control, three regulators of prohexadione calcium, uniconazole and paclobutrazol were sprayed, and nine treatments with three concentrations of 100, 300 and 500 mg/L were set, respectively. The shoots were sprayed twice during the growth period, and the growth of new shoots was observed by fixing the plant and branches. The quality of fruit was determined after ripening. The results showed that 100~300 mg/L of prohexadione calcium, uniconazole and paclobutrazol had an inhibitory effect on the growth of new shoot length, and prohexadione calcium had the best effect on the growth of new shoot thickness, and 100 mg/L of prohexadione calcium and uniconazole could effectively inhibit the growth of new shoot internode. The chlorophyll SPAD value of each treatment increased. The tree growth control effect of the three kinds of regulators was better than that of the control group, and the comprehensive index of 300 mg/L prohexadione calcium treatment was the best, which could promote the thickening of new shoots, inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots, and increase chlorophyll content and single fruit weight to improve fruit quality.

Prediction of potential distribution of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera based on MaxEnt model and analysis of its important influencing factors

ZHANG Di, XUE Ming-ke, LIU Ming, SHANG Xiao-feng, ZHANG Xu-tong, LIU Jin-na

2024, 63(1):  116-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.021

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Based on the geographical distribution records of 184 Schisandra sphenanthera, 129 Schisandra chinensis and 23 environmental factors, the maximum entropy （MaxEnt） ecological niche model was used to predict the potential suitable distribution areas of Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis. The main environmental factors restricting their geographical distribution were evaluated. The results showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the training set and verification set of MaxEnt model of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera were both greater than 0.90, and the prediction results of established models were accurate. The best habitats of Schisandra chinensis were mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain area of Liaoning Province and Jilin Province and Beijing City. The best habitats of Schisandra sphenanthera mainly distributed in Qinba Mountain area, Wuling Mountain Range of Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Zhuzhou City and Hengyang City, Jinhua City of Zhejiang Province and other areas. The important environmental factors limiting the growth of Schisandra chinensis were precipitation in the wettest month, maximum temperature in the hottest month, soil pH, average precipitation in the warmest season, average precipitation in the coldest season and the monthly mean temperature difference between day and night. The environmental factors limiting the distribution of Schisandra sphenanthera were the lowest temperature in the coldest month, the average annual precipitation, the variance of temperature change and the variance of precipitation change. The potentially suitable areas of Schisandra sphenanthera and Schisandra chinensis showed regional distribution.

Animal Science

Analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase in tissues and organs of different genders of Microtus fortis

WAN Xiang-xu, ZHOU Bao-li, HUANG Xiao-ran, JIN Zhi-min, LIU Chun-yan

2024, 63(1):  122-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.022

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In order to study the physiological and biochemical aspects of typical harmful rodents in agricultural and forestry areas, the PAGE electrophoresis was used to establish and analyze the distribution and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in tissues and organs of different genders of Microtus fortis. The results showed that ethanol dehydrogenase was expressed in tissues and organs of different genders of Microtus fortis, and the expression of this enzyme showed certain differences among different genders of Microtus fortis.

Study on the coupling pattern and driving factors of feed industry development and aquaculture scale in China

XU Yu-xuan, QIANG Feng-jiao

2024, 63(1):  125-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.023

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In order to scientifically evaluate the coordinated development relationship between China’s feed industry and aquaculture industry and identify the main factors driving coupling coordination, based on the provincial panel data from 2015 to 2019, the coupling pattern and driving factors of feed industry development and aquaculture scale were studied by using entropy method, coupling coordination model, radar map, spatial visual expression, linear regression and other methods. The results showed that： ①The development of China’s feed industry showed a pattern of “high in the south, low in the north, high in the east and low in the west”; ②The scale of aquaculture industry presented a pattern of “high in the surrounding areas and low in the central areas”; ③The coupling and coordination degree between the development of feed industry and the scale of aquaculture industry was in the pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, and high in the surrounding areas and low in the central areas”; ④The coupling and coordination level of most provinces had not significantly improved in recent five years; ⑤The long-term dominant factor in the coupling imbalance area between the development of feed industry and the scale of aquaculture was the scale of animal husbandry, and the long-term dominant factor in the coordination area was the management and maintenance ability of feed enterprises. In view of this, the government could promote the coordinated development of feed industry and breeding industry by guiding the joint production of small and medium-sized feed enterprises and introducing talents.

Storage & Processing

Optimization of extraction process of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf by response surface methodology and its content determination

YAN Jie, ZHANG Si-fang, MAO Xian-xian, XU Chen-xin, LIU Bei

2024, 63(1):  131-137.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.024

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The effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf were investigated by single factor and response surface experiment. On this basis, the contents of flavonoids in 17 Scutellaria baicalensis stems and leaves were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition of flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves was ethanol concentration of 55%, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶50, extraction time of 60 min and extraction temperature of 50 ℃. Under the optimal extraction process,the extraction amount of flavonoids was 24.43 mg/g. The contents of total flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf from different regions were different, ranging from 15.839 mg/g to 26.044 mg/g. The response surface methodology was stable, accurate and reliable to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf. The established method for the determination of flavonoids content was stable and reliable, which could provide a reference for the quality evaluation and further development of Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf.

Optimization of the process of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma fresh processing on origin by orthogonal test

HUANG Hao, HU Chang-qiang, DUAN Yuan-yuan, GUO Xiao-liang

2024, 63(1):  138-141.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.025

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To optimize the process of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma fresh processing on origin, the effects of slice thickness, drying temperature before slicing, drying degree and drying temperature after slicing on water content, free anthraquinone, total anthraquinone and drying time of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were investigated by orthogonal test. The results showed that the influence of four factors on the total anthraquinone content of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was not significant. The slice thickness and drying temperature before slicing had significant effects on the free anthraquinone content of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The drying degree had an extremely significant effect on the moisture content of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. All factors had significant or extremely significant effects on the total drying time of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The best processing technology of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma fresh processing on origin was as follows： The first step was to cut fresh Rhei Radix et Rhizoma rhizomes into 12 mm thick slices; the second step was to dry the slices at 60 ℃ until the water content was 60%; then, the slices should be diced to 12 mm length and 12 mm width; finally, the diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be dried at 70 ℃ to a moisture content below 13%. With the above processing technology, the content of free anthraquinone of diced Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was higher, the drying time was shorter and the content of total anthraquinone was not significantly decreased.

The effect of peach gum edible coatings on the preservation of strawberry

YU Qing-qing, DING Yong-gang, GONG Bo, LIU Xin

2024, 63(1):  142-147.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.026

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The peach gum solution was treated at 121 ℃ for 20 min to prepare 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% peach gum film solutions. The dipping method was used to form a uniform edible film on the surface of strawberries. The effect of peach gum film on preservation of the strawberry was analyzed by sensory evaluation and physicochemical indexes （hardness, weight loss rate, pH, titratable acid content, vitamin C and soluble solid content）. The results showed that the homogeneity and viscosity of peach gum solution after high temperature treatment were improved, and the 1%~5% peach gum solutions had good film-forming performance. The edible peach gum film at 5% concentration had the best preservation effect, which could delay the color change of strawberries, reduce the loss of fresh fruit quality, and decrease the change of pH and titratable acid as well as the loss of vitamin C and soluble solid content, and the preservation effect was better than that of PE plastic wrap. Peach gum could be used to prepare edible preservation film after heat treatment, which had potential application value in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation.

Effects of different drying methods on the contents of triterpenes and pachymic acid of Poria cocos

YU Zheng-yong, XU Yu-sheng, ZHAO Ning-dong, HUANG Zai-qiang, TAIN Ying-qiu, HU Zhan-yu, LI Jia-ping, GAO Ming-ju

2024, 63(1):  148-152.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.027

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The fresh Poria cocos were dried by different drying methods （natural drying, drying at 60 ℃, drying at 80 ℃, drying at 105 ℃ and freeze drying）. The contents of triterpenes and pachymic acid of dried Poria cocos were determined, and the effects of different drying methods on the contents of triterpenes and pachymic acid were compared. The results showed that the contents of triterpenes and pachymic acid in Poria cocos were freeze drying > drying at 105 ℃ > drying at 80 ℃ > drying at 60 ℃ > natural drying. Under the freeze drying process, the triterpenes and pachymic acid contents of Poria cocos were up to 8.95% and 6.89%, respectively, and the triterpenoids and pachymic acid contents of natural drying Poria cocos were the lowest. The best drying method of Poria cocos was determined to provide reference for the selection of the post-processing technology of Poria cocos.

Changes in the physical and chemical properties of Yunyan116 during the curing process of different curing processes

CHEN Fei-cheng, WANG Shi-yu, XU Zhi-qiang, WANG Ai-xia, SUN Zhan-wei, ZHOU Zhong-yu, BAI Jin-ying, WANG Ya-fei

2024, 63(1):  153-158.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.028

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Taking Yunyan116 as the material, different curing process tests were set up, with the three-stage curing process as T1, the optimized curing process of Yunyan116 as T2 and the local curing process as CK, to analyze the changes of moisture, color and conventional chemical composition during the curing process of Yunyan116 by different curing processes, and to evaluate the process suitability by the coordination of yellowing and dehydration during the curing process. The results showed that T2 had a drying rate of up to 0.015 g/h in the main yellowing stage, which was more advantageous in reducing the moisture ratio. Compared with other curing processes, T2 positively contributed to the stabilization of the color change, yellowing and dehydration coordination degree during the tobacco curing process. The starch and protein of tobacco leaves were significantly degraded by the effect of Yunyan116 optimized curing process, and the advantages in total sugar and reducing sugar formation and accumulation were more obvious. The optimized curing process based on Yunyan116 provided theoretical support for the optimal regulation of physical and chemical properties during the curing of Yunyan116.

Detection Analysis

Quality characteristics analysis of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. under different cultivation conditions

SHI Ding-fu, ZHOU Hai-bo, ZHANG Lu, YU Teng, CHEN Ju-yi, CHENG Fu-qi

2024, 63(1):  159-163.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.029

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To determine the content of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. A and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B in the medicinal herb Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. from different regions and under different planting conditions, and to analyze the factors affecting the quality of the medicinal herb, the high-performance liquid chromatography and a C18 column （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） were used. The mobile phase was methanol-water （volume ratio of 75∶25）, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, column temperature of 30 ℃, and detection wavelength of 321 nm.When the content of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. A and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B was 5.0~400.0 μg/L and 2.5~20.0 μg/L, respectively,the linear relationship was good;the relative standard deviations of peak areas for Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. A and Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B were 0.04% and 0.05%, respectively. Research had shown that at an altitude of 100~800 meters, the content of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. A in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. did not show significant changes with altitude, but all met the requirements of “Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China（2020 edition）”;the content of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B showed an overall upward trend with increasing altitude. As the altitude increased, the temperature difference between day and night increased, which was conducive to the enrichment of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B;compared to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, animal manure fermentation organic fertilizer could increase the content of two coumarin compounds; the application of trace element fertilizer on the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was beneficial for the enrichment of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. B.

Optimization of extraction process and content determination of total flavonoids from Polygonum chinense L. produced in Guangxi

LUO Jing, WEI An-da, ZHU Hua, XIE Feng-feng, HUANG Guo-dong, HUANG Piao-ling, YANG Wen-qi, DENG Ling-yu, LIN Si, QIN Hui-zhen

2024, 63(1):  164-168.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.030

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The content of total flavonoids in Polygonum chinense L. was determined by UV visible spectrophotometry. The content of total flavonoids was used as the evaluation index, and the extraction method, solvent, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, and extraction frequency were used as the evaluation factors, on the basis of single factor experiments, L₉（3³） orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Polygonum chinense L.. The optimal extraction process was 70% ethanol extraction solvent, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶70 （m/V）, ultrasonic extraction for 45 minutes, and extraction twice. Using rutin as a reference substance, its absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 500 nm, with an average recovery rate of 98.76% and a relative standard deviation of 1.72%. The results showed that the total flavonoids content of Polygonum chinense L. from 13 production areas ranged from 22.205 4 to 52.173 7 mg/g, with a relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.07% to 2.81%. The total flavonoids content in 13 production areas was ranked as follows： Guilin City,Nanning City, and Yulin City,Baise City,Hezhou City,Hechi City,Guigang City,Fangchenggang City,Qinzhou City,Wuzhou City,Laibin City,Chongzuo City,Liuzhou City from high to low. This method had good precision, stability, and repeatability, and could be used as a basis for the quality evaluation of Polygonum chinense L. produced in Guangxi.

Information Engineering

Extraction of Eeannis jacobssoni disaster area based on MODIS-MOD09Q1 data and analysis of its adaptive climate characteristics

QING Ge-le, HUANG Xiao-jun, BAI Li-ga, Ganbat Dashzebeg, Tsagaantsooj Nanzad, Altanchimeg Dorjsuren, Davaadorj Enkhnasan, Mungunkhuyag Ariunaa

2024, 63(1):  169-176.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.031

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Using MODIS-MOD09Q1 remote sensing data, three easily obtainable and responsive indicators, namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Ratio Vegetation Index （RVI）, and Near Infrared Reflectance （NIR）, were used to classify the changes in vegetation index for the degree of damage in disaster areas, and a comprehensive pest index （PCI） model was constructed to achieve rapid extraction of information from the Eeannis jacobssoni disaster area. On this basis, with the help of temperature and precipitation data, combined with GIS spatial overlay analysis method, the climate characteristics suitable for pest growth were revealed. The results showed that using the comprehensive pest index could accurately extract the severity information of pest disaster areas, with an overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 85.00% and 0.81, respectively;Eeannis jacobssoni was suitable for climates with less precipitation in winter and spring, more precipitation in summer, and temperatures that should not be too high, which was consistent with its biological characteristics. This climate was similar to the Greater Khingan Mountains forest area, with a high risk of invasion, and should be highly valued by the Chinese forestry department.

Design and implementation of IoT intelligent irrigation system for agriculture based on AT80C51 microcontroller

CHE Peng-fei

2024, 63(1):  177-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.032

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An IoT irrigation system based on the AT80C51 microcontroller had been developed to address the issues of unintelligent and untimely irrigation in traditional artificial irrigation methods,the system could obtain the environmental conditions of farmland through temperature and humidity sensors and transmit them to remote data centers through wireless communication modules. At the same time, the system was equipped with irrigation system threshold control equipment, which could adjust and control the pumping pump as needed. When the system determined that the farmland soil was dry, the environmental conditions triggered the system threshold and pumped water for irrigation in a timely manner, ensuring that the soil always maintained a suitable temperature and humidity.Through simulation experiments and actual testing, greenhouse lettuce at different growth stages in spring and summer was taken as the research object. Under intelligent irrigation, the average fresh weight of each plant above ground increased by at least 11.31% compared to traditional artificial irrigation;the average drainage of intelligent irrigation in spring and summer was 64.96% and 63.47% lower than that of traditional artificial irrigation, respectively;the irrigation water efficiency of intelligent irrigation in spring and summer was 68.03% and 98.61% higher than that of traditional artificial irrigation, respectively. The system operated stably, and the relevant experimental data and phenomena met expectations.

Agricultural product price prediction based on the PSO-Prophet model with integrated influencing factors

LIU He-bing, WANG Yi-fei, WANG Lei, XI Lei, SHANG Jun-ping

2024, 63(1):  185-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.033

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In order to improve the accuracy of price prediction, factors such as the consumer price index （CPI） and economic policy uncertainty index （EPU） were incorporated into the Prophet model, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the parameters. Using the daily price data from the International Garlic Trade Network, this method was applied to predict the price of garlic in Shandong Province. The results showed that the mean absolute error （MAE）, mean absolute percentage error （MAPE）, and root mean square error （RMSE） of the garlic price prediction results on the PSO-Prophet model with integrated influencing factors were reduced by 82.88%, 82.86%, and 77.49%, respectively, compared to the Prophet model. The PSO-Prophet model with integrated influencing factors could effectively improve prediction accuracy.

Research on the value quantitative analysis model of cigarette formula module

WANG Lin, ZUO Ping-cong, YAN Tie-jun, GUAN Yu-han, ZHOU Ping, WU Qing-hua

2024, 63(1):  190-194.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.034

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In response to the shortcomings of subjectivity and blindness in traditional formula module quality evaluation methods, as well as the significant deviation between the quality of the formula module and its actual production and use,this study proposed a value calculation scheme for the formula module based on historical production data, mining the actual usage of the formula module and measuring the relationship between the value and quality of the formula module. The calculation results of this scheme were used as indicators to characterize the comprehensive quality of the formula module, and the rationality of the calculation results was verified using BP neural network algorithm and statistical analysis methods. The results showed that sensory indicators （aroma, smoke, taste, aroma type） were significantly positively correlated with grade, while chemical indicators （nicotine CV, sugar to alkali ratio） were not significantly correlated with grade. Grade as an evaluation scheme for the quality of the formula module was too subjective. The value of the formula module was significantly correlated with sensory and chemical indicators, indicating that the value of the formula module combined subjective and objective indicators, making it more suitable to represent the quality of the formula module;the value calculation scheme of the formula module fully considered the characteristics of actual production and operation of the cigarette, which was more in line with production reality and could provide better guidance for the production and use of the formula module of the cigarette.

Building recognition and automated monitoring of occupying farmland for construction based on deep learning：Taking X Village in Changsha City, Hunan Province as an example

SHI Shan, HU Bing, YANG Cong-rui

2024, 63(1):  195-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.035

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In response to the common phenomenon of occupying farmland for building houses in rural areas, an automated monitoring method based on deep learning and image analysis was proposed. By preprocessing high-resolution remote sensing image data, an automated monitoring model based on convolutional neural networks was constructed to effectively determine whether each pixel cell in the target image occupied farmland for building houses. Taking X Village in Changsha City, Hunan Province as an example, horizontally compared the recognition capabilities of U-Net, SegNet, and DeepLabV3p models were. The results showed that when the learning rate was 0.01, the batch size was 2, and the number of iterations was 100, the U-Net model had the best recognition results for buildings;the model found a total of 66 cases of potential occupation of farmland for building houses, with high recognition accuracy and less time consumption;this model fully utilized modern information technology and methods, which could improve the efficiency of land law enforcement and supervision to a certain extent and save work time and resources.

Research on remote sensing identification of abandoned farmland in agricultural and animal husbandry interzone：Taking Ledu District, Haidong City, Qinghai Province as an example

YE Peng-shuai, YANG Hai-zhen, MA Tao, HU Bi-xia, BAO Xi-wen, ZHAO Zhi-zhong

2024, 63(1):  199-205.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.036

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In order to achieve timely and accurate identification of farmland, remote sensing technology was used to identify and extract abandoned farmland in the agricultural pastoral transitional zone, and to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of abandoned farmland.Based on the Google Earth Engine （GEE） platform, the study area’s Sentienel-1 and Sentienel-2 remote sensing images were called and preprocessed. The random forest algorithm was used to conduct land use classification research in the study area,and obtain the monthly maximum NDVI composite data of the study area from 2017 to 2022 through the GEE platform. Combined with the NDVI summer and spring differences and NDVI summer and autumn differences of abandoned and non abandoned farmland samples, segmentation thresholds to extract abandoned farmland in the study area were set. The results showed that the overall classification accuracy OA of the study area from 2017 to 2022 was ≥0.85, and the Kappa coefficient was ≥0.80. The overall classification effect was good, and it could be used for subsequent farmland extraction;from a horizontal scale, the abandoned farmland in the study area was mainly distributed in the north-south mountainous areas, followed by along the banks of the Huangshui River;from a vertical scale perspective, as the altitude increased, the abandonment rate followed a normal distribution, with abandoned farmland concentrated between 2 000 and 2 500 meters. The abandonment rate increased with the increase of slope, which was closely related to the decline in farmland quality and the difficulty in utilizing agricultural machinery caused by the increase of slope.Compared to traditional land use remote sensing classification research, abandoned farmland identification research conducted using the GEE platform could quickly obtain the distribution of abandoned farmland at the regional scale, providing reference for extracting abandoned farmland and land use protection in the region.

Biological Engineering

Optimization of the ISSR system and primer screening for caulis spatholobi

LI Jin-mei, WANG Yi-ting, PAN Li-mei, HUANG Xiao-dong, TAN Yong, RU Mei, LIU Wen

2024, 63(1):  206-211.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.037

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The stem of caulis spatholobi was used as the experimental material for DNA extraction using the improved CTAB method. The ISSR-PCR reaction system was optimized and constructed using orthogonal and single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system for caulis spatholobi was DNA template 60 ng, Taq enzyme 2.00 U, Mg²⁺ concentration 1.75 mmol/L, dNTP concentration 0.25 mmol/L, primer concentration 0.20 μmol/L, and optimal annealing temperature 44.6 ℃. 20 ISSR primers suitable for caulis spatholobi from were selected 100 ISSR primers.

Population genetic structure analysis of camellia anthracis fungus in the main oil tea producing areas of China

WANG Yi-xun, XU Xiao-wen, ZHENG Lu, HUANG Jun-bin, XIE Xian-bin

2024, 63(1):  212-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.038

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Using 168 strains from 16 geographical populations of camellia anthracis fungus （Colletotrichum camelliae Abel.）, a dominant species of camellia anthracis in the main camellia producing areas of China, as the test materials, ISSR molecular marker technology was used to analyze genetic diversity and population genetic structure. The percentage of polymorphic loci （PPB） for 16 geographical populations was 98.99%, the Nei’s gene diversity index （He） was 0.28, the Shannon information diversity index （Is） was 0.43, the average genetic similarity （I） was 0.834, and the average genetic distance （D） was 0.183. This indicated that the genetic diversity level and heterogeneity of camellia anthracis fungus were high, and there was a certain degree of genetic variation among populations. There was no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. The total genetic diversity （Ht）, genetic differentiation coefficient （Gst）, and gene flow （Nm） of the five provincial-level populations in Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces were 0.274 8, 0.517 4, and 0.466 4, respectively. This indicated that although the five provincial-level populations of camellia anthracis fungus were differentiated, there was no gene flow phenomenon （Nm<1）.

Economy & Management

Study on the coupling coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological environment in Fuzhou City

ZHANG Guo-jing, LIU Ping-hui, ZHU Chuan-min

2024, 63(1):  218-224.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.039

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Taking Fuzhou City as the research area, the coupling coordination evaluation index system between new urbanization and ecological environment in Fuzhou City was constructed, and the development degree and coupling coordination of new urbanization and ecological environment in Fuzhou City from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the new urbanization and ecological environment development level was on the rise overall in Fuzhou City from 2010 to 2021, and its coupling coordination degree was increased from 0.259 6 to 0.654 1 at this stage. The level of coupling coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological environment had also changed from moderate imbalance to moderate coordination, with the degree of coupling coordination increasing year by year, and the overall performance was the lag type of urbanization. Therefore, it was proposed to correctly understand the dynamic coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment, adopt the urbanization development strategies suitable for Fuzhou City combined with the development status of Fuzhou City, at the same time take into account the development speed and development quality, and unswervingly take the road of green development, to ensure the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological environment.

Research on coupling coordination between agricultural modernization and new urbanization in Jiangsu Province

ZHU Ting, CHEN Zhi-hao

2024, 63(1):  225-231.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.040

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Taking Jiangsu Province as the research object, the coupling coordination relationship between agricultural modernization and new urbanization in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2021 was calculated and analyzed by using the entropy method and coupling coordination model. The results showed that the development level of agricultural modernization and new urbanization in Jiangsu Province was on the rise as a whole, and there were great regional differences between them. The coordinated development of agricultural modernization and new urbanization in Jiangsu Province presented the characteristics of regional imbalance, and the three regions of southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu presented different development models, showing the characteristics of differentiation in time and space. In view of this, some suggestions of adapting to local conditions and coordinating urban and rural areas were put forward, in order to provide useful reference for Jiangsu Province to formulate differentiated agricultural modernization and new urbanization policies and realize the coupling coordination of agricultural modernization and new urbanization development.

Research on the evaluation of agricultural and rural modernization development level in Fujian Province from the perspective of industrial integration

LIU Xiao-jing, ZENG Yu-rong

2024, 63(1):  232-238.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.041

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Based on the perspective of industrial integration, an evaluation index system for agricultural and rural modernization development level in Fujian Province was constructed, and the level and regional differences of agricultural and rural modernization development in 9 cities in Fujian Province were measured and compared from both temporal and spatial dimensions. The entropy weight method was used to calculate the weight of the index system, and measure the development level of agricultural and rural modernization in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2020. Then the K-means clustering analysis method was introduced to find out the main factors affecting the development of agricultural and rural modernization in Fujian Province. The results showed that there were significant differences in the development level of agricultural and rural modernization in every city of Fujian Province, with an overall positive trend, showing a development trend of better performance in the central Fujian region, middle performance in the southern Fujian region, and backwardness in the northern Fujian region. The driving force of industrial integration and agricultural production scale were important factors that constrained the development of agricultural and rural modernization in Fujian Province. Therefore, policy recommendations such as formulating development plans tailored to local conditions, strengthening the construction of an integrated development system for agricultural industries, and deepening supply-side structural reforms were proposed.

Study on the competitiveness and complementarity of China’s carbon-intensive industries’ trade with the US

LI Jia-yi, JI Ying-jie, FU Lei

2024, 63(1):  239-245.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.042

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Under the background of China’s “Carbon Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality” and the effective implementation of the United States’ carbon tax policy, based on the UNCOMTRADE database, CEADs database, and HS commodity classification, the input-output table to identify the carbon-intensive industries in China and the US was employed, categorizing them into traditional carbon-intensive industries and fully carbon-intensive industries. Then, the trade situation of carbon-intensive industries between China and the United States from the perspectives of competitiveness and complementarity was systematically analyzed by using empirical measurement indicators of multiple indexes. The results indicated that, compared to the traditional carbon-intensive industries in the United States, China’s traditional carbon-intensive industries had a lower level of exports, with both countries demonstrating relatively weak competitiveness and complementarity. Concerning fully carbon-intensive industries, both China and the United States were major exporters of carbon-intensive products, exhibiting concurrent trade competitiveness and complementarity. Additionally, the United States was utilizing China’s carbon emissions, leading to China incurring higher environmental costs.

Rural Revitalization

Research on the equity of basic pension insurance from the perspective of common prosperity

PING Shi-ying, WANG Huan, ZHUANG Yong-mei

2024, 63(1):  246-250.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.043

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The connotation of common prosperity includes two key words of prosperity and sharing. The realization of common prosperity requires a unified and fair basic pension insurance system to protect the welfare and rights of social members. The study found that there were three equity obstacles in the current basic pension insurance in promoting common prosperity, namely, the lack of opportunity equity of the basic pension insurance, the lack of process equity in the basic pension insurance, and the outcome equity of the basic pension insurance needed to be improved urgently. Finally, it was proposed that the new journey in the new era required a deep understanding of the connotation of common prosperity, closely related to prosperity and sharing, and constantly optimized and improved the basic pension insurance system. The current focus was to increase the coverage to ensure the opportunities equity, optimize the design of the pension security system to promote the process equity, and narrow the gap in treatment and payment to improve the outcome equity.

The impact mechanism of new urbanization on rural residents’ consumption from the perspective of regional heterogeneity

ZHAO Jing

2024, 63(1):  251-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.044

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Based on the sample data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2016 to 2021, the impact of new urbanization on rural residents’ consumption and the intermediary role of digital inclusive finance between the two were explored, and the regional heterogeneity on this basis was further verified. The results showed that new urbanization had a significant effect on rural residents’ consumption. Digital financial inclusion played an intermediary effect in the positive impact of new urbanization on rural residents’ consumption. The analysis of regional heterogeneity showed that the new urbanization in the eastern region could promote rural residents’ consumption, while the central and western regions were obstructed. According to the research conclusions, in the context of the development of new urbanization, the government should give full play to the role of digital inclusive finance and further promote the consumption of rural residents.