Abstract: Based on the results of random sampling survey and fruit quality measurement of Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. at different planting heights in Tongshan county, Hubei province in May 2020, combined with the vertical distribution characteristics of meteorological elements in Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. planting area of Tongshan county, the effects of altitude on frozen, heat injury and fruit quality of Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. were analyzed, and the qualitative meteorological factors were analyzed. The results showed that the frozen and heat injury of Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. varied regularly with altitude. Generally, the frozen injury increased with altitude, while the heat injury decreased with altitude. However, the degree of frozen injury decreased significantly in the inversion area of hilly hillside at the altitude of 150~250 m; In the area around the reservoir about 1 km below the altitude of 120 m, the degree of heat injury showed a downward trend. Mountain inversion and water temperature effect would affect the distribution of extreme low （high） temperature at different altitudes. The degree of frozen injury of Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. in mountain inversion layer was lighter, and the heat injury near water area was significantly less. The quality indexes of Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl. such as weight, vertical diameter, soluble solid content, titratable acid content and solid acid ratio, varied regularly with altitude. Among them, the relationship between the weight of single fruit and the average temperature days of 15~20 ℃ in growth period, the content of soluble solid and the days of average temperature ≥25 ℃, titratable acid content and the daily temperature difference of fruit expansion period were significant, which were the essential meteorological factors of fruit quality change with altitude.

Key words: altitude, Eriobotrya japonica （Thunb.） Lindl., frozen injury, heat injury, fruit quality