Relationship between MC1R gene polymorphism and plumage color phenotype in Tibetan roosters

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.05.027

Abstract

Abstract: Adult Tibetan roosters with distinct plumage color phenotypes (Tibetan black, Tibetan variegated, and Tibetan gray) were selected to screen genetic variation sites in the coding region of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene and analyze genotype-phenotype correlations. The results showed that 10 SNPs were identified in the coding region of the MC1R gene in Tibetan roosters, including 2 synonymous mutations at 69 bp (C/T) and 636 bp (A/G), and 8 non-synonymous mutations at 178 bp (A/G), 212 bp (C/T), 213 bp (A/G), 274 bp (A/G), 376 bp (A/G), 398 bp (C/T), 427 bp (A/G), and 637 bp (C/T). Genotype distribution revealed that all Tibetan black roosters exhibited the AA genotype (100.00%), 60.00% of Tibetan gray roosters carried the AA genotype, while Tibetan variegated roosters predominantly had the AG genotype (80.00%), suggesting that the A allele might be associated with the formation of the black plumage phenotype. Thirteen haplotypes were constructed based on the 10 SNPs, with haplotypes Hap_2, Hap_10, and Hap_13 exclusively observed in Tibetan variegated roosters. Chi-square independence tests indicated that genotypes at 69 bp (C/T) and 274 bp (A/G) were significantly associated with plumage color phenotypes (P<0.001), suggesting these two loci might serve as key genetic markers regulating plumage color variation in Tibetan roosters.

Key words: Tibetan rooster, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, gene polymorphism, plumage color phenotype

CLC Number:

S831.2

WANG Shi-xin, GAO Ming-xin, Danzeng Sangzhu, Ba-sang, CHEN Xi, WANG Run-jin, ZHANG Hao, WANG De-cai, PI Jin-song, HUANG Tao. Relationship between MC1R gene polymorphism and plumage color phenotype in Tibetan roosters[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(5): 173-177.

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