Table of Content

25 November 2022, Volume 61 Issue 22

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Breeding & Cultivation

Response and resilience of different tolerance/susceptibility maize inbred lines to high temperature stress

XIE Yi, NI Yan-lin, ZHU Hang, ZHU Ye-qing, ZHANG Yan, ZOU Hua-wen, ZHANG Bing-lin

2022, 61(22):  5-13.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.001

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In order to explore the response of different genotypes of maize inbred lines to high temperature stress at the seedling stage and the difference of their resilience, the artificial climate chamber was used to carry out the warming test. The heat-resistant inbred line 13HF1849 and the heat-sensitive inbred line 14HF1406 screened by the high temperature test were used as materials to study the response and recovery of plant traits, gas exchange parameters and leaf stomatal characteristics of maize seedlings to high temperature stress. The results showed that compared with the control, high temperature stress significantly affected the leaf area, SPAD, plant height and leaf emergence rate of sensitive inbred line. In addition, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） and potential water use efficiency （iWUE） decreased by 25, 17 and 2 percent respectively. On the contrary, the plant height and leaf area of heat resistant inbred line were less affected by high temperature stress, and Pn, Tr and iWUE increased by 49, 12 and 25 percent, respectively. The stomatal density （SD）, stomatal area （SA） and stomatal width （SW） of the two inbred lines increased significantly under high temperature, and the heat-resistant inbred line was significantly higher than the sensitive inbred line. In addition, high temperature increased the stomatal conductance （Gs） of heat resistant inbred line and decreased that of sensitive inbred line. Correlation analysis showed that Pn and iWUE of the two inbred lines under high temperature stress were positively correlated with Gs and SW. After normal temperature recovery, the Pn, SD, SW and SA of the two inbred lines were lower than those of the control group, but the heat-resistant inbred lines were higher than the heat-sensitive inbred lines. The Tr, iWUE and Gs of heat resistant inbred lines were higher than those of the control group. Therefore, compared with the sensitive inbred line, the gas exchange performance of heat resistant inbred line was stronger at high temperature and had good recovery, which was related to the large stomatal density, stomatal conductivity and stomatal width induced by high temperature.

Resource & Environment

Effect of coal gasification residue with flat mushroom bran application on the number of soil microbial taxa in coal mining areas

AI Guo, WANG Jin-chao, DENG Zhong-xun, SHANG Rui-yong, CHEN Hua

2022, 61(22):  14-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.002

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The 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% gasification residues were mixed with 15% flat mushroom bran and applied to the contaminated soil in the coal mine area, and the changes in the number of microbial taxa in the soil were measured every 6 d in the unplanted state of the soil. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, Bacillus, ammonia-forming bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in the soil showed an increasing trend with time; the numbers of various microbial taxa in the soil under the treatment of 30% gasification residue with 15% mushroom bran were at the highest in the same time Compared with other treatments under the same period, there was a significant difference （P < 0.05） in bacteria quantity, except for the treatment of 40% gasification residue with 15% mushroom bran on the 7th day. In conclusion, 30% gasification residue with 15% mushroom bran significantly increased the number of soil microorganisms.

Effect of calcium on nutrient uptake and accumulation in Camellia oleifera under aluminum stress

HUANG Li-yuan, HU Guang-wei, WANG Qiong, LIU Zhen

2022, 61(22):  19-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.003

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To explore the effect of calcium on nutrient element uptake and accumulation in Camellia oleifera under aluminum stress, a comparative experiment with different concentrations of calcium and aluminum treatments was set up with common Camellia oleifera variety Xianglin XCL 15 cuttings as the material to determine the contents of nine essential nutrients, including aluminum, calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, in Camellia oleifera roots, stems and leaves. The results showed that aluminum stress significantly increased the aluminum content and root copper content of all organs of Camellia oleifera and inhibited the uptake and accumulation of calcium, nitrogen, magnesium, zinc and potassium, which decreased by 24.05%~54.93%, 30.2%~47.0%, 34.15%~47.7%, 31.48%~55.93% and 6.70%~30.05%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. There was no significant change in phosphorus content and stem and leaf iron content in all organs of Camellia oleifera under aluminum stress, but the root iron content decreased significantly. The application of exogenous calcium significantly reduced the aluminum content of Camellia oleifera and inhibited the accumulation of aluminum uptake. With the increase of exogenous calcium concentration, the contents of calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium gradually increased, especially the most significant effect under 3.0 mmol/L calcium treatment, while the high concentration of calcium （5.0 mmol/L） inhibited the accumulation of nitrogen and zinc and the accumulation of copper in the root system of Camellia oleifera. In conclusion, the application of the moderate amount of exogenous calcium could promote the uptake and accumulation of nutrient elements in Camellia oleifera.

Effect of organic compost on the community condition of Tibetan alpine grassland

ZHOU Shu-ming, YU Hao-ran, WEI Tian-jiao, MIAOYan-jun, LI Ping, GUAN Fa-chun, CUI Yan-ru, ZHAO Zhi-min, DU Bo-yang

2022, 61(22):  25-28.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.004

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In order to explore the effects of organic compost application on grass biomass and species diversity during the restoration of degraded grasslands, an experiment was conducted on alpine degraded grasslands in the Nagqu region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with different organic fertilizer application treatments. The experiment was conducted with three treatments of 10 t/hm²（SF1）, 12.5 t/hm² （SF2） and 15.0 t/hm² （SF3） and no fertilizer control. The results showed that all three fertilization treatments were able to increase the total plant density and species number of the community. Compared with the control, SF2 treatment significantly increased Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Margalef species richness （P<0.05）, and SF3 treatment significantly increased Simpson diversity index （P<0.05）. In addition, the above-ground biomass of community plants under SF1, SF2 and SF3 fertilization treatments was 1.59, 1.79 and 2.30 times that of the control, respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control （P<0.05）. In conclusion, organic compost improved the grass community structure and diversity, and enhanced the net primary productivity of grass, which could be an effective way to restore Tibetan alpine grasslands.

Distribution characteristics of Cr and Cu in secondary surface flow artificial wetland substrates

GE Guang-huan, KOU Kun, ZHANG Xi-long, YAN Ru-yu, SHANG Si-fan

2022, 61(22):  29-33.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.005

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In order to study the distribution characteristics of Cr and Cu in the artificial wetland matrix, the 5th series in the Soap River artificial wetland demonstration project was selected as the research object, 11 sampling points were set along the water flow direction, and 3 sampling points at different depths were set at 7 sampling points. The spatial distribution characteristics of the total amount of heavy metals and the content of each form were analyzed, and the results showed that the trend of the total Cr and Cu content in the horizontal direction was similar along the course, with a significant decrease in sampling points 1 to 8 and a slight increase in sampling points 9, 10 and 11; in the vertical direction, the total amount of Cr and Cu decreased along the depth; the main distribution form of Cr and Cu in the wetland surface matrix was the residue state. The distribution trend of the size of Cr and Cu in the wetland surface matrix is basically the same, and the total size of the four forms showed residue state > reducible state > oxidizable state > weakly acid soluble state; the contents of Cr and Cu in the weakly acid soluble, reducible and oxidizable states decreased continuously with depth.

Growth and physiological response of Aegiceras corniculata to salinity stress

FENG Li-hui, XU Yang-fan, CHEN Wen-feng, LIU Jian-tong, WU Chen-xi, HU Hong-juan

2022, 61(22):  34-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.006

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To investigate the salt tolerance of Aegiceras corniculata in the coastal area and to screen out their optimal salt tolerance concentration, different salinities （0.5‰, 1‰, 1.5‰, 3‰, 6‰, 9‰） were set and Aegiceras corniculata were cultured to determine the physiological responses of Aegiceras corniculata under different salinity stress, and the changes of morphological and physiological indices were measured respectively. The results showed that during the incubation period, all of the Aegiceras corniculata showed differences （P<0.05）. From the morphological indicators of plant height, leaf length and physiological indicators of catalase and malondialdehyde, the lower the salinity, the better the growth condition of Tongfa tree and the lower it was affected by salinity. Therefore, Tongfa tree was more suitable to be planted in coastal areas with lower salinity.

Effects of three amendments on passivation of cadmium（Cd） in soil and quality of Chinese cabbage

XU Shou-jun, SUN Jin, DANG Rui-juan, WANG Xu, MO Ce-hui, WU Zhi-chao, SHI Han-zhi, LI Fu-rong, DU Rui-ying

2022, 61(22):  37-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.007

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Soil conditioners were formulated with dolomite calcine, humic acid, sorbitol and urea in certain proportions, and three conditioner treatments （T1.5, T3.0, T4.5） and one control （T0） were set to investigate the effects of the three conditioners on the passivation of cadmium （Cd） and the quality of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the three amendments significantly increased soil pH and reduced soil effective state Cd content, soil pH increased from 5.75 in T0 to 7.28 in T4.5, and soil effective state Cd content decreased by 18.5%, 29.7% and 30.2%, respectively, compared with T0 treatment; the three amendments promoted the growth of Chinese cabbage, and compared with T0 treatment, above-ground fresh weight increased by 5.5%, 7.9% and 12.9%, respectively. The Cd content in the aboveground parts of Chinese cabbage was reduced, by 15.0%, 34.5% and 36.9%, respectively, with Cd content much lower than the National Standard for Food Safety Limits of Contaminants in Food （GB2762-2017）; the application of improvers improved the quality of aboveground parts of Chinese cabbage to some extent. Compared with the T0 treatment, the T3.0 and T4.5 treatments significantly reduced the titratable acid content, and the T1.5, T3.0 and T4.5 treatments significantly increased the vitamin C content. The comprehensive analysis showed that the three amendments had a significant blunting effect on Cd in the soil, guaranteed a safe level of Cd content in Chinese cabbage, and also improved the quality of Chinese cabbage. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the management of Cd-contaminated soils.

Analysis of the characteristics and motivation of arable land fragmentation in Yuxi Hill District：Taking Shuitou Community in Bozi Town, Tongnan District as an example

LIU Zhi-yuan, LIU Shu-ling, SHAO Jing-an

2022, 61(22):  42-45.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.008

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To measure the degree of arable land fragmentation, the impact of land preparation on the landscape of arable land in the western hills of Yuxi was analyzed, and the influencing factors of arable land fragmentation were explored. Typical indicators, including average patch area, arable patch density index and arable patch fragmentation index, were selected from the landscape aspect to constitute the arable fragmentation index system. The research results showed that the fragmentation index of arable land in Shuitou community was 0.042 3 in 2012 and 0.036 9 in 2017, and the fragmentation has been alleviated to a certain extent; the main characteristics of arable land fragmentation in Shuitou community were influenced by topographic factors, and the greater the undulation of the terrain, the higher the degree of fragmentation; the main drivers of arable land fragmentation in the study area were topography, land use policy, water area, roads, etc. The topography factor was the fundamental factor of arable land fragmentation in the hilly area of Yuxi, and the land use policy is the effective measure to reduce the fragmentation, and policies and measures such as land preparation should be carried out to actively guide land transfer and coordinate urban and rural development.

Spatio-temporal coupling research on land use benefits and urbanization in Guangxi

LI Ping, LIANG Xiao-li, WAN Shi-meng

2022, 61(22):  46-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.009

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Based on the establishment of the index system for measuring land use benefits and urbanization level, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination of land use benefits and urbanization in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi from 2005 to 2018, by using the coupling coordination model and a relative development model, and puts forward some relevant suggestions. The results showed that, from 2005 to 2018, the land use benefits of Guangxi showed a low-level wave-like rapid growth, the urbanization level showed a low-level rapid growth, and the coupling coordination degree of land use benefits and urbanization yearly increased; land use benefits and urbanization level showed a differentiation pattern of higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. The high-value areas and relatively high-value areas of the land use benefit are distributed in clusters in southern and eastern Guangxi, while the high-value areas and relatively high-value areas of the urbanization level are clustered in eastern Guangxi; the degree of coupling coordination between land use benefits and urbanization gradually decreased from the east to the central and western regions, showing a distribution pattern of higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. The land use benefits and urbanization in prefecture-level cities increased simultaneously. Based on the coupling coordination and relative development, regional types are divided, and relevant suggestions are proposed according to the development status and existing problems of prefecture-level cities to provide a reference for the effective utilization of land resources and the sustainable and healthy development of urbanization.

Carbon footprint assessment of Anji white tea based on the concept of “two mountains”

QU Zi-wen, JIN Miao-miao

2022, 61(22):  53-56.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.010

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In order to investigate the carbon footprint of Anji white tea in depth, the life cycle of Anji white tea was divided into five stagesraw material, manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal, and the complete life cycle carbon footprint of Anji white tea was used as the research object to assess the carbon emission of each stage of the life cycle. The results showed that the total carbon footprint of 1 kg of Anji white tea was 7.03 kg, and its carbon footprint content was mainly in the raw material stage and use stage, which accounted for 35.15% and 45.66%, respectively.

Plant Protection

The study of bioactivity of metabolites from a fungus SF-49356

LIU Man-li, SHU Fen, ZHANG Ya-ni, FANG Wei, SHI Li-qiao, WANG Kai-mei, WU Zhao-yuan

2022, 61(22):  57-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.011

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Eight compounds were isolated from the metabolites of a fungus SF-49356 by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）, and identified as Enniatins by UV, MASS spectrometry and natural products dictionary （DNP）. The results of antibacterial activity screening showed that such compounds had certain antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus suis, but had no obvious antiviral activity against porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Study and application of Phytoseiulus persimilis against Tetrangchus urticae on greenhouse watermelon

LI Jin-ping, SUN Bei-bei, HOU Zheng-rong, YU Qi, ZHANG Ying, YIN Zhe

2022, 61(22):  62-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.012

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In order to explore the key technologies and the sustained control effects of Phytoseiulus persimilis against Tetrangchus urticae, the control effects of Phytoseiulus persimilis against Tetrangchus urticae on greenhouse watermelon were studied under different release periods and quantities. The control effects of Phytoseiulus persimilis released for 4 consecutive years were investigated. The results showed that the release time significantly affected the control effects of Phytoseiulus persimilis against Tetrangchus urticae. When the average number of Tetrangchus urticae was ≤2 per leaf, the control effect was the best and the maximum control effect was 82.3%. When the average number of Tetrangchus urticae was >50 per leaf, the control effect was poor, and it was not suitable for release. The control effects of Phytoseiulus persimilis against Tetrangchus urticae were also significantly affected by the release amount. The control effects of 25 and 30 Phytoseiulus persimilis m² were over 80% for 7 d and 14 d, and the control effect of 14 d was significantly higher than that of 43% bifenazate suspension. Phytoseiulus persimilis was used to control Tetrangchus urticae for 4 consecutive years in fixed point and tent. The release quantities of natural enemies decreased year by year, and the control effect was 89.7% when the release rate of Phytoseiulus persimilis amounted to 10 predators/m².

Horticulture & Local Products

Selection of tree-shaped varieties from peony variety group in Central Plains

WANG Ruo-han, WANG Xiao-hui, ZHANG Huan-ling, DING Jian-lan, YAO Jun-qiao, LIANG Chang-an

2022, 61(22):  66-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.013

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On the basis of the comprehensive evaluation model of special tree varieties, 10 indexes, such as growth potential, sprout power, flower color and flower state, were selected to comprehensively evaluate 74 common cultivars from variety group in Central Plains by AHP（Analytic hierarchy process）. The varieties of Yaohuang, Chunhong Jiaoyan, Jingyu, Chunliu, Xiangyu and Shouanhong had high comprehensive scores, which were suitable for cultivating the tree peony.

Breeding of a new seedless watermelon variety Chutian No.1

DAI Zhao-yi, YI Li-cong, WANG Yun-qiang, ZHOU Wei, NI Yang-fan

2022, 61(22):  72-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.014

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Chutian No.1, a new hybrid seedless watermelon variety of medium maturing bred by Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was developed by crossing the tetraploid watermelon inbred line 4W006CAA as a female parent and diploid watermelon inbred line 2W018CAA as a male parent. The fruit development period of Chutian No.1 was about 34 days, when cultivated on open plots in spring in Hubei Province. The average single fruit weight was 5~7 kg, and the yield is 33 000~34 500 kg/hm². The fruit shape was round, and the pericarp was black and covered with irregular cryptic lines. The pericarp was about 1.2 cm thick and not easy to crack. The flesh color was red, the central and the side sugar content are about 12% and 8%, respectively, the flesh hardness was medium, and the flesh was crisp. It was suitable for cultivating on open plots in spring in Hubei Province. Chutian No.1 had registered as a national non-main crop variety in 2021.

Effects of altitude and planting density on yield and quality of Trichosanthes kirilowii

YAO Yu-ling, YANG Ying-chun, LI Rong-fang, LI Yun-fei, FEI Fu-hua, XIANG Yi-bing, LI Nian-zu

2022, 61(22):  75-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.015

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In order to study the suitable planting conditions of Trichosanthes kirilowii, the cultivation experiments at different altitudes and densities were carried out. The growth cycle and seed yield of Trichosanthes kirilowii were statistically analyzed, and the benefit was analyzed in combination with the market purchase price. The results showed that it was not suitable for commercial Trichosanthes kirilowii cultivars to grow in the high altitude area. When the planting density was 3 000 plants/hm², the total input was lower, the comprehensive benefit was higher, the average seed yield was 1 375.5 kg/hm², and the net profit was 49 860 yuan/hm².

Analysis on growth adaptability and correlation between potassium content and agronomic characters of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

LI Yun, QI Hong-ling, SAI Zi-lin, GAO Shan, HE Ying-yu, LIU Yu, TAN Hong-yu

2022, 61(22):  79-88.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.016

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In 2021, the local main cultivar LJ 911 was used as the control, and the differences of agronomic traits, chemical components, economic traits, chlorophyll content, field incidence, photosynthetic parameters, leaf area coefficient, dry matter accumulation and organ allocation ratio of 10 flue-cured tobacco cultivars in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed. The correlation between potassium content and agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco was tested by simple correlation analysis, factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the specific gravity, average price and output value of Yan’an No. 1 were close to those of the control, and the chlorophyll content and leaf area coefficient were higher than those of the control. Zhongchuan 208 grew better in the field, the proportion of high-quality tobacco, output and average price were close to the control, the leaf area coefficient was higher than that of the control, and the field incidence rate was lower than that of the control; Yunyan 87 and Yunyan 116 had less field incidence and chlorophyll content higher than the control; the yield, output value, and proportion of high-grade tobacco of CB-1, Honghua Dajinyuan and NC89 were significantly lower than those of the control; K326 had a higher incidence of field disease than the control; the agronomic traits and leaf area coefficient of Zhongyan 100 and Chuanyan No.1 were lower than those of the control. The potassium content was significantly negatively correlated with the angle between the upper stem and leaf. The main agronomic traits related to potassium content included plant height, stem circumference, leaf width factor, middle stem-leaf angle factor, and leaf number factor. The regression model of main agronomic characters and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco was established.

Study on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cercidiphyllum japonicum during flower bud development

DUAN Qiu-di, YANG Xu, ZHAO Yan, LU Li-jing, CUI Xiu-wei, LIANG Hong-wei

2022, 61(22):  89-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.017

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By detecting the changes of isozyme activity, endogenous soluble substance and malondialdehyde content in flower buds of Cercidiphyllum japonica at different developmental stages and different sexes, the development regularity of flower buds and the adaptation strategy to the environment were explored at the physiological and biochemical level. The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in flower buds of Cercidiphyllum japonica were determined by guaiacol method, nitrogen blue tetrazole method, Coomassie Bright Blue G-250 method, anthrone method and 2-thiobarbituric acid （TBA） method, respectively. The results showed that during flower bud development, the activity of peroxidase increased at first and then decreased, the activity of superoxide dismutase fluctuated at a certain level, and the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde increased at first and then decreased; the superoxide dismutase activity, soluble protein and malondialdehyde contents in female flower buds were higher than those in male flower buds.

Identification and evaluation of selenium enrichment ability of different chive varieties

CHEN Qin, GUO Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Li, LI Yang, LIU Yi-kun, ZHOU Sheng-mao, CHE Jiang-lyu, CHEN Zhen-dong

2022, 61(22):  94-98.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.018

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To identify the selenium-rich ability of different chive varieties, under the same selenium supply and unified field management, the total selenium content of edible parts of 19 different chive varieties was determined. Five agronomic traits of plant height, plant width, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and weight per plant, as well as five quality traits including amino acid content, crude protein content, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content and dry matter rate, were measured. The correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the correlation of agronomic traits and quality traits with plant selenium content. The Se-enriched ability of chives was classified by cluster analysis. The results showed that the Se-enriched ability of different chives varied greatly. The average selenium content of 19 chive varieties was 0.014 mg/kg, in which AF85 had the highest content of 0.024 mg/kg. Selenium content showed a significantly positive correlation with amino acid content and a significantly negative correlation with soluble sugar content. The tested varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysishigh selenium content, medium selenium content and low selenium content. Among them, AF85 and AF60 were varieties with the most abundant selenium, and the average selenium content was 0.023 0 mg/kg.

Analysis on temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetable industry development in Yunnan Province

MAO Zhao-qing, DONG Xiao-bo, CHEN Liang-zheng, LI Liang

2022, 61(22):  99-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.019

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In order to further optimize the regional distribution of vegetable production in Yunnan Province, the relevant data of vegetable production in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2019 was analyzed and sorted out, and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the regional distribution of vegetable production in Yunnan Province was quantitatively calculated by using Herfindal Hirschman index method, spatial Gini coefficient and gravity center model. The results showed that from 2000 to 2019, there was a positive correlation between vegetable sowing area and yield in Yunnan Province, but vegetable sowing area increased faster than yield, and vegetable production was unevenly distributed among and within regions; the degree of spatial agglomeration of vegetable industry in Yunnan Province was high, which showed obvious characteristics of five stages in time; the focus of vegetable production in Yunnan Province was basically stable, and the main areas of vegetables moved from the perennial vegetable producing areas in central Yunnan to the southwest, and expanded to southern Yunnan at the same time. In order to promote the development of vegetable industry in Yunnan Province, it should pay attention to the layout planning of vegetable production, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure in various vegetable producing areas, and strengthen the scientific and technological innovation of vegetable industry.

Rural landscape design method based on cultural landscape particle theory

ZHAO Zhong-jian

2022, 61(22):  105-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.020

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In order to explore the rural landscape planning method based on the quantitative analysis of rural landscape resources, starting from the composition of rural cultural landscape and rural natural landscape, the rural cultural landscape was considered to be the main body of design practice, and the dual structure of landscape element and bearing element of the rural landscape was proposed. On the basis of reviewing the research results of cultural landscape particle theory, and in view of the fact that the rural landscape resource data were mostly sampling data in the process of design practice, it was proposed to incorporate the cultural landscape particles into the grid-body units measurement model under the 4D perspective to obtain the estimated statistical data of the rural landscape resources. Based on the statistical regression phenomenon of rural landscape development, the methods of evaluating and predicting the development and utilization value of landscape resources by using the linear regression model were analyzed. Based on the dual structure of the rural landscape, the ecological network theory was introduced into rural landscape planning and design, and the rural landscape planning strategies and methods based on the symbiotic system were put forward.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Establishment and identification of seed batch of C. Perfringens type C for production

LIU Ze-wen, YUAN Fang-yan, LIU Wei, GAO Ting, ZHOU Dan-na, YANG Ke-li, GUO Rui, LI Chang, TIAN Yong-xiang

2022, 61(22):  115-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.021

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In order to establish the seed batch of Clostridium perfringens type C,taking the second generation basic seeds of C. perfringens C59-2 strain as the original seeds, it was continuously subcultured to 13 generations by inoculating the appropriate medium. The basic seeds of generation 1（F₁）, generation 5（F₅）, generation 10（F₁₀） and generation 13（F₁₃） were carried out purity test, culture characteristics, biochemical characteristics, toxin production ability, serotype and immunogenicity identification. The test results of immunogenicity identification showed that all indexes were qualified. It could be used for the production of piglet colibacillosis and Clostridium perfringens type C inactivated vaccine. The basic seed batch was F₁~F₁₀ generation.

Screening test for introduction of Cajanus cajan

LUO Tian-qiong, ZHANG Yu, MO Ben-tian, LONG Zhong-fu

2022, 61(22):  118-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.022

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To screen legume forage varieties that were suitable for the development of grassland ecological animal husbandry in Guizhou Province, twenty-six tested materials of Cajanus cajan were compared by the random block method. The results showed as follows①All tested materials could normally blossom and pod bearing and complete the whole growth cycle. The growth period was 168~226 days, and the plant height at maturity was 124~286 cm. ②The highest yield of fresh grass was 201510, 201505, 201502, 201508 and 201516 in 65.41~67.18 t/hm². ③The highest seed yield of 3 252.45~4 221.58 kg/hm² was 201516, yellow Cajanus cajan, 201511, 201507 and 201517. ④Five varieties suitable for forage and seed production utilization were proposed respectively through the screening test for introduction, providing excellent varieties for promotion and utilization of different uses in production.

Storage & Processing

Effect of different nano-emulsion coating on the preservation quality of fresh-cut kiwi slices

XUE Ming-ke, LIANG Wen

2022, 61(22):  127-132.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.023

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Four kinds of nano-emulsion coatings containing antioxidants and antibacterial agents （AL-1 （2% sodium alginate + 0.5% ascorbic acid + 0.5% vanillin）, AL-2 （2% sodium alginate + 0.5% ascorbic acid +1.0% vanillin）, CMC-1 （2% carboxymethy lcellulose + 0.5% ascorbic acid + 0.5% vanillin） and CMC-2 （2% carboxymethy lcellulose + 0.5% ascorbic acid + 1.0% vanillin）） were used to study the effect of different nano-emulsion coating on physical and chemical properties, antioxidant properties and microbial stability of fresh-cut kiwi slices after storage at （5±1） ℃ for 30 days. The results showed that compared with the other three formulations and the uncoated control treatment, kiwi fruit slices preserved in the AL-2 showed low weight loss rate and spoilage rate, low increase rate of soluble solid content and pH, low decrease rate of acid content and ascorbic acid content, slow growth of microorganisms, and the coating effect was better. Therefore, the AL-2 formula nano-emulsion coating had a strong potential to extend the shelf life of kiwi slices, and could be used for the industrial production of fresh-cut kiwi slices.

Optimization of the extraction method of polysaccharide from Liriope spicata by response surface methodology and the formula development of its compound beverage

ZHANG Xue-lian, LIU Yu-fei, ZHAO Jin-song

2022, 61(22):  133-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.024

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The single factor test and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology were used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Liriope spicata, and the formula of Liriope spicata polysaccharide-chrysanthemum beverage was optimized by orthogonal experiment and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters of polysaccharides from Liriope spicata were liquid/solid ratio of 20∶1（mL/mg）, extraction time of 135 min, and extraction temperature of 90 ℃. The optimum formula of compound beverage was polysaccharide extract of 15%, chrysanthemum extract of 30%, sucrose of 4%, and citric acid of 0.10%. The beverage turned out to be clear and transparent, sweet and sour.

Study on the freshness preservation effect of acidic electrolytic water ice on yellow croaker

WANG Yi-he, DU Bing-wen, NAN Song-jian

2022, 61(22):  139-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.025

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To investigate the effect of acidic electrolytic water ice on the quality changes of frozen yellow croaker, this experiment treated fresh yellow croaker with acidic electrolytic water and traditional tap water after chilling, and investigated the effect of acidic electrolytic water ice on the freshness of yellow croaker by measuring the sensory evaluation, pH, surface colony count, volatile saline nitrogen content, trimethylamine content and cathepsin B activity of yellow croaker meat. The results showed that the effect of acidic electrolyzed water ice preservation was better than that of traditional tap water ice preservation in all aspects. Using AEW ice to treat fresh yellow croaker had better sensory quality; AEW ice could slow down the pH change caused by fish deterioration; the sterilization effect of AEW ice on the bacteria of yellow croaker could reach 95% in 1 day and 90% in 4 days; the use of AEW ice could significantly reduce the production of volatile salt nitrogen and trimethylamine, reduce the activity of cathepsin B, maintain the quality of yellow croaker more effectively, and improve its commodity economic value. AEW ice had high efficiency sterilization characteristics, and could be used in the preservation of various aquatic products to obtain a more profitable economic return and more optimal food safety.

Detection Analysis

Heavy metal content and pollution risk assessment of soil and rice under different planting models in a region of Hubei Province

YAO Jing-jing, WU Xuan, LI Wei, WANG Ming-rui, CUI Wen-wen, ZHANG Hui-xian, YI Tian

2022, 61(22):  146-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.026

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In order to ensure the quality and safety of crops in the crayfish-rice planting mode and the good soil environment in the producing area, detection techniques for eight heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in soil and rice crom Hubei Province were established by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry （AFS） and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （ICP-MS） to determine their content and the risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and rice was made using single factor index method, Nemero comprehensive cumulative index method and potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the three paddy soils was less than the soil pollution screening value specified in the national standard GB 15618—2018. The single factor index method and the Nemero comprehensive cumulative index method showed that all three rice fields were not polluted by heavy metals. The potential ecological pollution level of the three paddy fields was a slight risk according to the ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metal;compared with other elements, heavy metals As and Cd had higher risks of soil pollution and ecological pollution; Pb in part of the rice produced by conventional rice fields and 2 years of shrimp and rice fields exceeded the national limit standard, and the remaining samples were in accordance with national standards. The single factor pollution index Pi of heavy metal Pb in the three paddy fields was the largest, indicating that Pb was the main pollution factor of heavy metal pollution in rice. Overall, the soil environment in the study area was good, the heavy metal content was in line with national standards, and the pollution risk was small.

Volatile components and peculiar smell components in cigarette packaging paper detected by HS-SPME/GC-MS-O method

ZENG Qiang, ZHU Hong-yan, HE Pan, WANG Wen-feng, XU Wen-can, SUN Peng, XIAO Chao, ZHU Qiu, WANG Dan, HUANG You-yi, FANG Xin

2022, 61(22):  152-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.027

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In order to know the volatile and odor components in cigarette packaging paper, the HS-SPME/GC-MS-O technology was used to detect the volatile components of raw paper, semi-finished products and finished products during different printing stages of cigarette packaging paper, as well as the odor components in the finished product. The results showed that a total of 106 volatile components were identified from the samples during five printing stages of cigarette packaging paper, and their main components were aromatic family, esters, and hydrocarbons. Five odor substances, such as nonanal, diethylene glycol butyl ether, p-dimethyl ether, 3-methoxyphenol and 2,5-ditert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, were identified from cigarette packaging paper, which were mainly derived from three printing stages of base paper, screen splitting, and gravure printing processes.

Information Engineering

Study on band screening of pitaya fruit based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral image

CHEN Zhi-hu, SHU Tian, LIU Chun-yan, XU Yuan-hong

2022, 61(22):  158-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.028

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In order to solve the problems of low resolution, long acquisition period and high price of satellite hyperspectral image, the advantages of high resolution, low price and good timeliness could be obtained by using the hyperspectral sensor mounted on the UAV. Taking the Dragon Fruit Planting Demonstration Park in Lean Village, Shangguan Town, Guanling County as the research area, the six-rotor UAV M600 mounted with the PikaxC2 sensor was used to obtain high-resolution hyperspectral image data. By analyzing the band standard deviation and correlation of hyperspectral images, 185 bands suitable for the analysis and research of pitaya fruit were selected preliminarily. Among them, 109 were visible bands and 76 were near-infrared bands. The distribution of correlation coefficients of bands was high in the middle and low on both sides. The mean values of correlation coefficients in visible light bands were greater than those within the near-infrared bands.

Land cover classification of high resolution remote sensing imagery based on FCN and object-oriented technology

MA Hai-rong, FENG Tian-jing, JI Rui

2022, 61(22):  163-168.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.029

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In semantic segmentation of remote sensing imagery based on full convolutional neural network （FCN）, the upsampling and downsampling mechanism in FCN led to the loss of edge details of ground objects in segmentation results. To solve this problem, a land cover classification method based on object-oriented segmentation results to optimize FCN classification of high-resolution remote sensing images was proposed. Firstly, the high-resolution remote sensing imagery was initially classified by FCN model. Then, object-oriented segmentation results were used to optimize the initial classification results obtained based on FCN. Experimental results showed that the method in our paper could not only retain the details of the ground object edge effectively, but also eliminate the phenomenon of salt and pepper in the initial extraction results of FCN. Finally, the visual effect of the classification results was optimized and the classification accuracy was improved.

Research on data mining of big data of targeted poverty alleviation based on Hadoop

ZHANG Xiang-rong

2022, 61(22):  169-173.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.030

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This paper proposed a distributed search algorithm for the poor based on Hadoop, which combined the data feature extraction and text clustering technology to aggregate the similar text, established the corresponding text feature vector space according to the query accuracy requirements, and filtered the data with poor correlation so that it did not participate in the search, so as to improve the execution efficiency of the system and reduce the internal execution speed. The experiment results showed that the algorithm can be combined with parameter settings to personalize the use of different application scenarios and achieve the best personalized effect, which had great application value.

Design and research on recommendation model of spice cultivation in deep learning environment

SUN Ji-hong, QIAN Ye, ZHOU Zheng, ZHANG Jian-bo

2022, 61(22):  174-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.031

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In order to further use artificial intelligence technology to serve Yunnan Province, promote the continuous growth and development of the fructus tsaoko industry in Yunnan Province, and reduce the waste of resources and labor, the most representative fructus tsaoko planting base in Nujiang,Yunnan Province was selected to construct multiple intelligent models such as fructus tsaoko pest prediction model and fructus tsaoko price prediction model, and build an intelligent recommendation model group for fructus tsaoko industry. The use of cloud computing technology to build an intelligent recommendation platform for the grass and fruit industry would help farmers get rich, enterprises grow and develop, and scientific researchers obtain significant research results. It would provide high-quality and efficient intelligent service models for five groups of farmers, planting enterprises, sales enterprises, processing enterprises, and scientific researchers. In the process of operation, the scale and influence of the platform would continue to grow, and the development of the fructus tsaoko industry in Yunnan Province and even the whole country would be promoted.

Biological Engineering

Effect of 6-BA on the multiplication of adventitious shoots of endangered plant Paeonia ludlowii

YAO Xia-zhen, SANG Li-qun, XU Hui, LI Shuang, CHEN Li-xian

2022, 61(22):  178-180.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.032

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Axillary buds and terminal buds of Paeonia ludlowii were used as test materials to study the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA on the induction and multiplication of adventitious buds. The results showed that, in the multiplication culture of adventitious buds, the better medium for differentiation was WPM+30.0 g/L sucrose+7.5 g/L agar+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+30.2 mg/L GA, pH 5.8~6.0; the addition of 0.5 mg/L 6-BA to the medium significantly improved the multiplication of adventitious buds, and the growth of test tube seedlings showed the best performance. In terms of the multiplication and growth of Paeonia ludlowii adventitious shoots, the medium supplemented with 6-BA was more favorable for the growth of tissue culture seedlings.

Analysis of immune-related genes based on the transcriptome of Microdera punctipennis

LI Jie-qiong

2022, 61(22):  181-194.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.033

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The transcriptome data of the beetle Microdera punctipennis was used to annotate and screen its immune-related genes. Microdera punctipennis transcriptome library contained 198 206 unigenes. A total of 49 034 genes were annotated, accounting for 24.74% of the total transcriptome unigenes. 1 750 homologous unigene of 107 immune-related genes in Microdera punctipennis, which mainly encoded pattern recognition receptors, immune signal transduction and regulatory factors and immune effectors, were obtained by annotation information and manual screening. The results showed that the Toll, MAPK-JNK-p38 and JAK-STAT immune pathways were intact and conserved in Microdera punctipennis, and most of their immune-related cellular processes, such as autophagy, apoptosis and RNA interference and their mediators and modulators, were also conserved, along with a variety of immune effectors, including antimicrobial peptides, heat shock proteins, and enzymes such as lysozyme, phenoloxidase, chitinase and antioxidase. However, conserved immune-related genes such as IMD, FADD and Dome, which were commonly found in other insects, were not identified in Microdera punctipennis. A preliminary map of the immune pathway in Microdera punctipennis was made based on the screened immune-related genes. The established framework of the immune system of the beetle might provide a reference for the study of immune-related genes in non-Drosophila insects.

Economy & Management

Evolutionary game analysis of core stakeholders in tourism targeted poverty alleviation：Taking A village of Z county in the old revolutionary base as an example

WANG Hui-zhan, YU Ling-yi, REN Zi-jing, WANG Hui-min, XUE Fan

2022, 61(22):  195-199.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.034

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Taking A village of Z county in the old revolutionary base area as an example, the evolutionary game behavior among the core stakeholders of local tourism targeted poverty alleviation was analyze through in-depth interviewsd. The results showed that whether the local government increased the tourism rights of poor residents directly affected the effect of poverty alleviation by tourism; whether tourism enterprises supported tourism targeted poverty alleviation had a great impact on rural tourism poverty alleviation; the attitude of poor residents toward tourism targeted poverty alleviation was also a crucial factor in poverty alleviation.

Analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of ecological footprint and economic decoupling effect in Anhui Province

GUO Zhen-zhen

2022, 61(22):  200-208.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.035

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Taking Anhui Province as the research object, the spatial and temporal changes of ecological footprint in Anhui Province between 2005 and 2020 was studied by using the ecological footprint analysis method and the decoupling theory. The results showed that, from the time dimension, the ecological footprint and ecological deficit in Anhui Province from 2005 to 2020 showed a changing trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and reached its peak in 2014. However, the ecological capacity didn’t show a significant chang, and always maintained a steady increase; from the spatial dimension, the ecological deficit and ecological footprint in northern Anhui Province from 2005 to 2020 were far greater than those in the southern region, and Fuyang, Bozhou, Suzhou and other places in northern Anhui had always maintained a high ecological footprint and ecological deficit; from the state of decoupling of economic development and resources and environment, Anhui Province mainly had strong decoupling and weak decoupling from 2005 to 2020, and after 2015, there was an alternation phenomenon of strong and weak decoupling. On the basis of this analysis, the sustainable development of Anhui Province was realized by taking measures of improving the regional ecological capacity, optimizing the energy structure and reducing the personal ecological footprint.

The influence of household income on farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making

ZHU Qing-zheng, LIU Shi-xin, LI Jing-suo

2022, 61(22):  209-214.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.036

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Based on the data of China Household Finance Survey in 2019, this paper analyzed the general characteristics of farmers’ entrepreneurial families,and studied the influence of family income status on farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. The results showed that the middle and low-income peasant households were not suitable for entrepreneurship, the peasant entrepreneurship presented the characteristics of the “rich peasant”, and the family income structure had a significant impact on the entrepreneurial decision-making of peasant households. When the household income of farmers was more than 25 000 yuan, active entrepreneurship was no longer significantly inhibited. When the household income was between 50 000 yuan and 100 000 yuan, it could significantly promote passive entrepreneurship. Wage income had a significant inhibition on active entrepreneurship, and transfer income had a significant inhibition on passive entrepreneurship.

Agricultural tourism competitiveness evaluation based on improved genetic neural network

HAN Yan-ni

2022, 61(22):  215-219.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.037

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Tourism, as an important part of the tertiary industry, has shifted from the high-speed development stage to the high-quality development stage. In recent years, agricultural tourism has become the innovation point of supply-side structural reform in China. However, due to the short development time of agricultural sightseeing tourism in China, the existing evaluation system is not suitable for the evaluation of tourism competitiveness of agricultural sightseeing scenic spots, and the quality levels of scenic spots are not uniform. This study proposed an improved genetic neural network model to evaluate the tourism competitiveness of agricultural sightseeing scenic spots. The diversity of the population was improved by expanding the number of the population, and the two-stage solution was adopted to reduce the difficulty of solving the population, and then the genetic algorithm was processed in parallel. The improved algorithm improved the efficiency by about 30% and the performance by about 10%~20%. The parallel scheme proposed in this study and the competitiveness evaluation index constructed had high practicality and objectivity, which could provide some reference for related research.

Research on comprehensive evaluation of agricultural information service system construction in Hubei Province

GUAN Bo, CHEN Ping-ting, LUO Zhi-qing, MA Hai-rong, ZHENG Ming-xue

2022, 61(22):  220-228.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.038

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The comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural information service construction was constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process, and the construction status of the agricultural information service system in Hubei Province was evaluated by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results showed that the construction level of the agricultural information service system in Hubei Province was still relatively low. Based on this, policy suggestions of strengthening the construction of agricultural information service infrastructure, improving the construction of agricultural information service organization system, enhancing the integration efficiency of agricultural information resources, establishing the diversified agricultural information service model, and attaching importance to the cultivation of agricultural information service personnel were put forward, in order to promote the construction of agricultural information service system in Hubei Province.

The evaluation of rural residents’ life quality based on BP-TOPSIS model

TIAN Ming-hao

2022, 61(22):  229-233.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.039

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On the basis of the establishment of the evaluation system, the index weights were determined by AHP and entropy weight method, and then the evaluation results by TOPSIS were input into BP neural network for training. The model was used to evaluate the quality of life of rural residents in Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that the quality of life of rural residents in Jiangsu Province was improved in recent years, but there were still some potential problems. However, the overall development trend was good. The model could scientifically and effectively evaluate the quality of life of rural residents, and the evaluation results could provide a reference for the formulation and revision of policies related to rural people’s livelihood.

The performance evaluation and improvement countermeasures of industry-university-research in agricultural universities

SUN Yu, YANG Hong-rui, LU Yong-hua

2022, 61(22):  234-239.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.040

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DEA-Malmquist index method of data envelopment analysis was used to analyze the current performance of industry-university-research cooperation in agricultural universities. The results showed that, firstly, the number of scientific researchers and scientific research funds invested by the state in agricultural universities had increased year by year. The effect of technology progress in agricultural universities was not obvious, and even showed negative growth in some years. Technology played a binding role in the measurement of total factor productivity. Secondly, the performance evaluation index of agricultural universities decreased gradually from 2016 to 2019, which indicated that there was a situation of high input and low output in the process of industry-university-research cooperation in these years, and the input and output were obviously not proportional. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions of improving the resource allocation of industry-university-research cooperation, increasing the government support, cultivating students’ innovative thinking, and changing the inherent concept of enterprises to industry-university-research were put forward.

Discussion on quality and efficiency improvement of agriculture in Northeast China from the perspective of realizing the value of ecological products

YANG Shi-cheng, WU Yong-chang

2022, 61(22):  240-245.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.041

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Improving the quality and efficiency of agriculture was an effective way to realize the value of ecological products in Northeast China. From the perspective of realizing the value of ecological products, this study sorted out the advantages and existing problems of agricultural development in Northeast China, and explored the development path of improving agricultural quality and efficiency from three aspects of improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading, and promoting the realization of agricultural value’ to provide support for the development policy formulation of ecological product industry in Northeast China and the in-depth study of policy guarantee for realizing ecological product value.

Rural Revitalization

Comprehensive measurement and governance of rural hollowing in Zhejiang Province

YE Yu-chen, ZHANG Yu-fei, JI Xiao-han

2022, 61(22):  246-253.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.042

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Taking Zhejiang Province as the study area and relying on the field survey questionnaire and statistical yearbook data, the rural hollowing out measure index system was built from five aspects, including population, land, economy, culture and education, and infrastructure construction. The entropy method was used to calculate the degree of hollowing out of the different regions, and the natural break point method was applied to analyze regional spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the rural hollowing degree in Zhejiang Province was unbalanced, and there were significant differences in the hollowing degree in different areas. Combined with the field investigation and analysis results, policy suggestions were put forward to improve the hollowing out of Zhejiang countryside from the aspects of building “One Village One Product”, developing “Internet plus Agriculture” model, deepening the reform of the land system, etc.

Research on the promotion path of rural tourism landscape culture in Qiannan prefecture

SUN Lian-qun, MENG Peng-shuai, HUANG Xue-wen

2022, 61(22):  254-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.043

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Rural landscape was the core carrier of rural tourism. In the process of rural tourism development, rural culture affected the quality of rural tourism landscape to a certain extent. Through field research on typical tourism villages in Qiannan prefecture, this research summarized the current situation and problems of the application and development of rural tourism landscape culture in Qiannan prefecture, and put forward the corresponding improvement path.