Table of Content

25 June 2025, Volume 64 Issue 6

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Agricultural Modernization

Focusing on developing new quality productive forces to accelerate the cultivation of strategic agricultural sci-tech talent workforce in Hubei Province

JIANG Fan, CHEN Deng-song, DONG Jian-hui, et al

2025, 64(6):  1-3.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.001

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Comprehensive evaluation and spatial-temporal pattern analysis of agricultural and rural modernization

ZHANG Xiang-song, CHEN Yan-juan

2025, 64(6):  4-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.002

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A comprehensive evaluation system for agricultural and rural modernization was constructed from five dimensions: Politics, economy, society, culture, and ecology. An improved entropy weight-grey correlation-TOPSIS model was utilized to calculate the comprehensive scores of 30 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China from 2013 to 2022, and their changing trends were analyzed. Meanwhile, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods were employed to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and regional disparities in the development level of agricultural and rural modernization. The results showed that the overall level of modern agricultural and rural development was on the rise. From the perspective of the average development level of each region, the pattern was mainly northeast region > eastern region > central region > western region. After 10 years of development, the number of provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) with high, lower, and low levels decreased by one each, but the number of provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) with higher levels increased significantly. The distribution of high and higher level areas shifted from being mainly concentrated in the eastern and northeast regions to being mainly concentrated in the central region. Modern agriculture and rural areas were mainly characterized by low-low clustering and high-high clustering in space. As time passed, the areas of low-low clustering gradually decreased.

Assessment of the influencing factors for the construction of harmonious and beautiful villages under the background of Chinese-style modernization

NIE Qi, YANG Ya-ru, MA Wen-jie, LI Ye-tong, LUO Min, WEI Jie, MEN Yuan-yuan

2025, 64(6):  11-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.003

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To clarify the status of harmonious and beautiful villages construction within the framework of China's rural revitalization strategy, the connotation of harmonious rural areas was first sorted out from three dimensions: livability, business-friendliness, and harmonious beauty, in alignment with the fundamental characteristics of Chinese-style modernization, and the evaluation index system was constructed by combining the basic characteristics of Chinese-style modernization. Fifth primary indicators,such as industrial beauty, talent beauty, ecological beauty, cultural beauty, organizational beauty, and 27 secondary indicators were selected, and the weights were determined using the principal component analysis method. The results showed that industrial revitalization (54.9%) > cultural revitalization (16.5%) > ecological revitalization (10.5%) > organizational revitalization (8.9%）= talent revitalization (9.2%). Taking 7 national key counties of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Guangxi as the research object to carry out empirical analysis, the results showed that the comprehensive ranking of the construction of harmonious and beautiful villages was Lingyun County > Nandan County > Shanglin County > Pingxiang City> Rong County > Pinggui District > Daxin County. Improving the livability and business-friendliness of rural areas, the key was to revitalize the industry; building livable, workable, harmonious and beautiful villages required a path of diversified and integrated development.

Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding and related characteristics of high-yield and semi-winter wheat variety Wannong 116

CUI Wen-li, DAI Xue-qing, YANG Chen, DENG Xin-long, YU Xue-kui, ZHENG Wen-yin, HUANG Jian-hua

2025, 64(6):  17-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.004

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Wannong 116 was a high-yield and semi-winter wheat variety with medium strong gluten properties, developed through sexual hybridization using the high generation line Zhengmai 9023/Wanmai 19 as the female parent and Suixi 0566 as the male parent, and selected through pedigree breeding. The average yield of this variety was 7 667.70 kg/hm² in the wheat regional trials in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2021, which was 3.18% higher than that of the control Jimai 22. Among the 18 trial sites, 15 achieved an increase in yield, with the rate of yield-increasing sites reaching 83.33%. In the production trials from 2021 to 2022, Wannong 116 increased yield by 3.30% compared to the control Jimai 22. The results of disease inoculation identification showed that Wannong 116 exhibited moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. The breeding process and main agronomic and quality traits of Wannong 116 were introduced, and the key cultivation techniques were discussed in order to provide technical guidance for wheat breeding and cultivation and promote high-quality development of wheat production.

Identification and mechanism analysis of salt tolerance in high-yield peanut variety Kainong 80

WANG Pei-yun, ZHAO Wen-li, MA Ji, DENG Li, LI Yang, GUO Min-jie, SHEN Wei-guo, YAO Qian, REN Li

2025, 64(6):  21-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.005

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The salt tolerance and underlying molecular mechanisms of the hybrid peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivar Kainong 80 were systematically investigated. The results revealed that in regional yield trials, the pod yield of Kainong 80 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Yuhua 9327. Under 90 mmol/L NaCl stress during germination, the expression of AhNCED1 in Kainong 80 seeds was markedly down-regulated, while the expression of AhCYP707A1 and AhCYP707A2 was significantly up-regulated, resulting in a reduction in abscisic acid content. Additionally, the expression of AhGA2ox was sharply down-regulated, whereas the expression of AhGA3ox was significantly up-regulated, leading to an increase in gibberellin content. Consequently, the germination vigor, germination rate, and germination index of Kainong 80 under salt stress were significantly higher than those of the control variety Yuhua 9327. Under 200 mmol/L NaCl stress at the seedling stage, compared with the control variety Yuhua 9327,the activity of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in Kainong 80 was significantly increased, and the contents of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion were significantly decreased. Therefore, the number of roots of Kainong 80 seedlings was significantly increased, the contents of proline and chlorophyll were significantly increased, while the content of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased, and the survival rate was significantly increased.

Nutrient production efficiency of wheat and soil environmental risk under different cultivation patterns

YE Ling, XIANG Dian-guo, MIAO Feng, JI Ming-mei, LIU Shan, WANG Sheng-rui

2025, 64(6):  28-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.006

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In order to make efficient use of water and fertilizer inputs for wheat in the plain area of Hebei Province, four cultivation management patterns were set up, including treatment A (customary management of local farmers: N application rate of 266 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 200 kg/hm²,with a total irrigation amount of 300 mm), treatment B (recommended management of high yield: N application rate of 220 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 152 kg/hm², K₂O of 150 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 195 mm), treatment C (high input management of water and fertilizer: N application rate of 300 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 225 kg/hm², K₂O of 300 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 270 mm), and treatment D (efficient management of water and fertilizer: N application rate of 270 kg/hm², P₂O₅ of 184 kg/hm², K₂O of 270 kg/hm², with a total irrigation amount of 215 mm), and the optimal cultivation pattern was determined by measuring the yield and nutrient utilization efficiency. The results showed that the yields of treatment C and treatment D were significantly higher than those of treatment A（P<0.05）, reaching 9 881 kg/hm² and 10 360 kg/hm², respectively, which increased by 20.2% and 26.0% compared with treatment A. The nutrient content of plants under treatments C and D was higher than that under treatments A and B, while the nutrient demand of grain did not increase along with the yield. The accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen under treatment D was 43.15 kg/hm², which was lower than that under treatments B and C, indicating that nitrogen had been effectively transferred to plants and the risk of leaching was reduced. Considering the yield, water and fertilizer input, and environmental risks, it was suggested that the treatment D could be used as a feasible high-yield cultivation pattern.

Effects of soil microorganisms domesticated by different plants on wheat growth

REN Quan-jing, LU Zong-qi, LI Yu-hang, GU Hai-ping, YANG Yi, REN Wei-zheng

2025, 64(6):  33-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.007

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In order to explore the effects of soil microorganisms domesticated by different plants on wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） growth, a controlled experiment was conducted using the cultivar Jimai 22 as the target crop. Seven treatments were established, including non-inoculated microorganisms control (CK1), inoculation with wheat-domesticated soil microorganisms(CK2), inoculation with Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)-domesticated soil microorganisms, inoculation with green foxtail (Setaria viridis)-domesticated soil microorganisms (T2), inoculation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa)-domesticated soil microorganisms (T3), inoculation with abandoned farmland soil microorganisms (T4) and inoculation with woodland soil microorganisms (T5). The results showed that all treatments significantly affected wheat aboveground and belowground biomass, with T1 showing the highest biomass accumulation. Significant differences were observed in plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and root-to-shoot ratio among treatments. Transpiration and photosynthetic rates varied significantly across treatments. Photosynthetic rate showed a significantly positive correlation with plant height (r=0.74, P<0.001) and a significantly negative correlation with SLA (r=-0.49, P=0.030). In summary, soil microorganisms domesticated by different plants affected wheat growth significantly, and this might be mediated by changes in wheat energy allocation strategy and physiological status. The research indicated this method was feasible and had certain potential in regulating wheat growth.

Resource & Environment

Response and dynamics of soil phosphorus to straw incorporation under simulated paddy-upland rotation conditions

ZHAO Xi-mei, PEI Xiao-min, LI Ao-ming-yang, LIU Tian-ya, ZHANG Zheng, LI Meng-die, LI Ji-fu

2025, 64(6):  39-44.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.008

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To investigate the effects of straw incorporation on soil phosphorus dynamics under paddy-upland rotation systems, soil samples from long-term rice-rapeseed rotation experimental fields were collected for indoor simulation experiments. Four treatments were established: upland cropping (D), paddy cropping (W), upland cropping+straw incorporation (D+S), and paddy cropping+straw incorporation (W+S). Soil phosphorus fractions were extracted and quantified using the Hedley phosphorus fractionation method, and the soil available phosphorus variations were observed. The results showed that under upland conditions, straw incorporation increased soil available phosphorus by 20.6%, while under paddy conditions, it enhanced available phosphorus by 56.4%. Overall, available phosphorus content improvement was more pronounced under paddy cropping than under upland cropping. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the W+S treatment most effectively enhanced soil available phosphorus. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that water regime and straw incorporation contributed 73.2% and 26.8%, respectively, to soil phosphorus variations. Straw incorporation not only elevated available phosphorus but also regulated phosphorus speciation, thereby enhancing soil phosphorus supply capacity.

The influence of soil configuration on soil water migration characteristics in red soil slope farmland based on soil column simulation

MO Ming-hao, LIU Zhao, SHI fen-fen, YAN Zhi-wei, WANG Jia

2025, 64(6):  45-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.009

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In order to investigate the influence of soil configuration on soil water migration characteristics in red soil slope farmland, the one-dimensional vertical water infiltration test was used to study soil water infiltration characteristics under different soil configurations and straw mulching measures. The results showed that for binary heterogeneous soil, with the increase of soil bulk density in the cultivated soil layer, the advance velocity of the wetting front and water infiltration rate slowed down, resulting in a decrease in filtration capacity. The wetting front movement's time of the simulated no-tillage measure was the longest, which was 64 min and 127 min longer than that of the 25 cm and 35 cm soil column respectively, and the cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate of water per unit time were the lowest. The soil water infiltration rate decreased by 5% to 23% after straw mulching, which increased the retention time of soil water and further increased the cumulative water infiltration amount. When a heterogeneous soil column was generalized into a homogeneous soil model, it showed that if the soil bulk density of the underlying soil layer was constant while the bulk density of the upper soil layer increased, the equivalent saturated water conductivity of the generalized homogeneous soil layer decreased. Additionally, as the thickness of the upper soil layer increased, the equivalent saturated water conductivity also increased.

Inhibitory effects of thymol on postharvest rot fungi in kiwifruit and influence of meteorological factors on its preservation effect

DENG Shu-min, XU Qin, LI Ying, XIN Yi-rao, XU Ke, WANG Xing-yu

2025, 64(6):  53-58.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.010

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The effects of thymol, a natural plant extract, on the growth of the main postharvest rot fungi in kiwifruit were investigated, and the mold rot rate of kiwifruit after thymol treatment and the influence of meteorological factors on its preservation eflect were discussed. The results showed that 120 mg/L of thymol could inhibit the growth of the pathogens and the production of patulin for a certain period, and did not affect the quality of kiwifruit. Under room temperature conditions, treatment with 300 mg/L thymol could significantly reduce the rot ratio of kiwifruit. Temperature and humidity were important factors affecting the preservation effect of thymol. This study provided a strategy for the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of kiwifruit based on thymol, and provided technical support for the application and promotion of thymol in postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables.

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of soil bacteria at the oil outlet of Karamay City

DU fei, HUANG Run-sheng, YANG yong-hua, YANG bo

2025, 64(6):  59-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.011

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In October 2023, soil samples were collected from the Karamay oil field export site. Cultivation, isolation and purification, Gram staining, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification, and drug sensitivity tests were performed for the bacteria in these soil samples. The drugs of the drug sensitivity tests involved erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and lincomycin. The results showed that a total of 30 bacterial strains were isolated from the soil samples, which could be divided into five categories. One representative strain from each category was selected for identification. The identification results showed that the five bacteria were Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus swezeyi, Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus rugosus and Bacillus stercoris. These five bacteria belonged to the Bacillus genus, playing important roles in the soil ecosystem. They could promote plant growth, improve soil fertility, inhibit pathogens, decompose organic matter, and participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. They also exhibited potential application value in oil degradation. The results of the drug sensitivity tests indicated that the five bacterial strains exhibited a wide range of resistance to the aforementioned drugs.

Study on the spatial distribution characteristics and driving mechanism of “non-grain conversion” of cropland in Karst mountain area: A case study of Qiannan Prefecture

ZHANG Hui, CHEN Yang, WANG Bin, LIU Yi-xiang

2025, 64(6):  65-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.012

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Based on 2013 cropland data and 2023 land use data from Qiannan Prefecture, the spatial distribution characteristics of “non-grain conversion” of cropland were analyzed using the land use transition matrix. A computational model was established to quantify the cropland non-grain conversion rate, and the driving effects of five factors, including cropland slope, quality, distance to roads, distance to settlements, and distance to water sources, were systematically investigated. The results showed that the non-grain conversion area of cropland in Qiannan Prefecture from 2013 to 2023 was 167 210.34 hm², and the non-grain conversion rate was 31.89%. The “non-grain conversion” of cropland was dominated by the transformation of cropland to forest land and orchards,which accounted for 98.52% of the total “non-grain conversion” of cropland area. The non-grain conversion rate exhibited a significant positive correlation with declining cropland quality, increasing slope steepness, and greater distances to roads, settlements, and water sources. The influence weights of these five factors on “non-grain conversion” of cropland were 0.31, 0.25, 0.19, 0.15, and 0.10, respectively. Among them, the influence weights of natural condition factors (cropland quality and slope steepness) on “non-grain conversion” of cropland reached 0.56.

Spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land in Guizhou Province

LIAO Yan-mei, YIN Lin-jiang, MENG You-bo, HAN Min, ZHANG Hui, LUO Jie-qiong

2025, 64(6):  72-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.013

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Taking prefecture-level cities and counties as research units, spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land in Guizhou Province in 2020, and ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods were applied to explore its influencing factors.The results showed that the area of “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land in Guizhou Province reached 9 331.88 km² in 2020.The “non-grain conversion” rates of cultivated land were higher in Guiyang City, Tongren City, Zunyi City, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, while the lowest rate was observed in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.In terms of the “non-grain conversion” area of cultivated land, all prefecture-level cities generally showed a spatial pattern of high in the north and low in the south.The hotspot areas of “non-grain conversion” rates at the county level were mainly distributed in central Guizhou Province, while the coldspot areas were concentrated in Taijiang County and Rongjiang County of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.The hotspot areas of “non-grain conversion” area were predominantly located in northeastern and western counties of Guizhou Province, whereas the coldspot areas were mainly distributed in central and eastern counties.The inhibitory effects of per capita GDP, growth rate of industrial added value above designated size, number of rural employed persons, and karst area proportion, as well as the positive driving effects of transportation land proportion and altitude, all exhibited gradient spatial variations.Influenced by farmer household attributes, natural resources, and socio-economic factors, the spatial differentiation of “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land in Guizhou Province was significant, with notable spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. Region-specific measures should be adopted to curb “non-grain conversion” based on local conditions.

Refined evaluation and layout of crop suitability for reserve cultivated land resources in Bachu County based on CRITIC-NFM

LUO Hao, SHAN Na-na, LI Ning, SUN Ting-ting, WANG Yi-feng, MA Xing-wang, YANG Zhi-ying, FENG Jun-jiang

2025, 64(6):  81-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.014

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Taking Bachu County of Xinjiang as the research area, the planting structure of major crops of wheat, corn and cotton in the county was refined by GIS and mathematical model integration technology. Under the constraint of “water-grain”conditions, the distribution of grain crop planting was comprehensively analyzed, aiming to provide scientific references for the planning, utilization, and optimal allocation of reserve cultivated land resources in the extremely arid areas of northwest China. The results showed that the planting suitability of corn, wheat and cotton was 0.856 4,0.708 4 and 0.706 5, respectively. The suitability for these three crops was relatively close, and the spatial distribution was characterized by high suitability in the central region. The results of single crop suitability zoning evaluation showed that cotton was mainly in grade II area, accounting for 40.11%, corn and wheat were mainly in grade III area, accounting for 63.50% and 64.12%, respectively. Under the constraint of “water-grain” conditions, the planting area of grain crops (wheat and corn) was 5 129.92 hm², accounting for 35.98%. Among them, the planting area of Qiongkuerqiake Township was the largest, with an area of 1 463.21 hm², accounting for 28.52%. The area of Aksak Majele Township in the central region was the second, which was 1 138.67 hm², accounting for 22.20%.

Plant Protection

The population distribution and dynamic characteristics of Monochamus alternatus Hope among the living trees in alpine forest area

HONG Cheng-hao, SUN Liang, HAO Cai-hao, LU Zong-rong, ZHA Yu-ping

2025, 64(6):  92-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.015

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By dissecting living trees in mountain forests, the spatial distribution characteristics of the population of Monochamus alternatus Hope within the wood segments of Pinus massoniana Lamb. were analyzed. Meanwhile, the emergence of Monochamus alternatus Hope was monitored at different altitude sites in mountain forests to explore its population dynamic patterns. The results showed that in the three plots at different altitudes of 450 m (D1), 680 m (D2) and 1 000 m (D3), the density of intrusion holes and emergence holes of Monochamus alternatus Hope was relatively high in the middle - upper part of the trees. The correlation equations established for the number of intrusion holes, emergence holes and the height of the tree trunks in the three altitude plots could effectively estimate the population distribution of Monochamus alternatus Hope within the trees. In the altitude plots of D1 and D3, the number of intrusion holes was significantly correlated with the number of emergence holes, with correlation coefficients of 0.812 and 0.674, respectively. At an altitude range of 450~1 000 m, both the initial emergence period and the final emergence period of Monochamus alternatus Hope were gradually delayed as the altitude increased. The initial emergence period was postponed by 15~30 d, and the final emergence period was postponed by 16~31 d. Its emergence period lasted for 86~88 d. Its active period was also delayed as the altitude increased. The initial appearance of its activity was postponed by 15~25 d, but the final appearance of its activity was consistently in the first ten-day period of October.

Identification of associated fungus and screening of control agents of Morchella sextelata under greenhouse continuous cropping conditions

YANG Xue-lian, LU Hai-ling, WANG Shuai, WANG Li, SA Wei, SU Li-ping, GONG Li, WANG Le

2025, 64(6):  97-102.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.016

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A fungal associate that proliferated on the soil surface during the 5-year continuous cultivation of Morchella sextelata was selected as the research subject. Identification was performed based on morphological characteristics and three molecular marker genes (ITS, LSU, RPB2). The mycelial growth rate method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects and toxicity of five conventional pesticides against both the associated fungus and Morchella sextelata. The results indicated that the identified associated fungus was Botryotrichum sp. At the recommended field application concentrations, the inhibition rates of five pesticides,namely Kasugamycin + copper oxychloride, hymexazol, chlorothalonil, triadimefon, and mancozeb, on Morchella sextelata were 0.25%, 5.24%, 23.94%, 56.61%, and 70.32%, respectively. The corresponding inhibition rates on Botryotrichum sp. were 27.78%, 18.13%, 21.64%, 21.64%, and 49.71%, respectively. The EC₅₀ for Morchella sextelata were 12.079 8, 6.214 6, 25.460 9, 5.885 0 g/L and 14.336 6 g/L, respectively, while those for Botryotrichum sp. were 11.076 8, 9.487 4, 50.925 7, 18.835 3 g/L and 16.940 3 g/L, respectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis of inhibition rates and EC₅₀, it was concluded that Kasugamycin+copper oxychloride exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Botryotrichum sp., while demonstrating relatively low toxicity to Morchella sextelata. Therefore, Kasugamycin+copper oxychloride could be recommended as a fungicide for field control of Botryotrichum sp.

Effects of acetochlor and butachlor on prostaglandin metabolites in zebrafish

ZHOU Xin-zong, LI Shao-bin, TIAN Xiao-li, CHANG Ju-hua

2025, 64(6):  103-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.017

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Adult female and male zebrafish(Danio rerio) were exposed to 100 μg/L of acetochlor(AC) and butachlor (BC) for 96 h, and the effects of acetochlor or butachlor on the prostaglandin (PGs) metabolites of zebrafish were investigated using metabolomics techniques. The results showed that an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection method was established, and a total of 1 683 metabolites were detected from the 24 samples of the six treatments[AC treated female(ACF) and male fish(ACM),BC treated female（BCF）and male fish(BCM),control female(CKF) and male fish(CKM)]. Volcano plot analysis of all metabolites revealed that except for BCM and CKM treatments,the number of significantly up-regulated metabolites was notably higher than that of down-regulated ones. Prostaglandin metabolite (PGs) analysis showed that under ACF treatment, 16 PGs metabolites were significantly up-regulated, and iPGs were significantly down-regulated; under ACM treatment, 9 PGs metabolites were significantly up-regulated. After BCF treatment, 18 PGs metabolites were significantly up-regulated; after BCM treatment, 2 PGs metabolites were significantly up-regulated.

Horticulture & Local Products

Understory species diversity and its influencing factors of Pinus henryi plantation

ZHANG Meng, SONG Fei, CHEN Gong-ping, WANG Yang

2025, 64(6):  110-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.018

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The species composition and dominant characteristics of shrub and herbaceous layers under Pinus henryi plantations were investigated, and the effects of stand structure and environmental factors on species diversity were analyzed to provide a basis for optimizing forest management measures to enhance understory species diversity. Twelve fixed plots were established in P. henryi plantations in State-owned Bashan Forest Farm of Badong County, Hubei Province. Species composition and diversity were evaluated using indices such as importance value (IV) and Shannon-Wiener index. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied to reveal the mechanisms through which stand structural indices and environmental factors (e.g., aspect, canopy closure) influenced understory species diversity. The results indicated that 111 shrub species (30 families, 54 genera) and 112 herbaceous species (45 families, 84 genera) were recorded. Shrub species richness was significantly positively correlated with aspect and stand density (P < 0.05), while herbaceous species richness was significantly negatively correlated with stand volume (P < 0.05) and canopy closure (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with openness (P < 0.01). RDA revealed that aspect was the most critical factor influencing the species diversities of shrubs and herbs. Stand volume had a significant positive effect on shrub diversity (P < 0.05), while mingling degree and uniform angle index positively influenced herbaceous diversity. Aspect, canopy closure, and mingling degree were identified as key factors affecting understory species diversity under P. henryi plantations. Optimizing stand structure to improve the spatial distribution of understory light resources could enhance species diversity and strengthen the stability and functionality of plantation ecosystems.

Effects of sprayed glucose and ABA on coloring and quality of postharvest Orah

HUANG Qi-chun, WANG Ni-na, HUANG Yan-xiao, TAN Song-yue, LUO Zeng-gui, LIANG Yong, LI Guo-guo, QIN Ze-lin, ZENG Zhi-kang, HU Cheng-xiao

2025, 64(6):  117-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.019

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In order to explore the methods to improve the coloring and quality of Citrus reticulata Blanco var. orah, the experiment of spraying glucose and ABA on postharvest Orah was carried out. The results showed that sprayed glucose had an obvious effect on improving the solid-acid ratio of Orah. The solid-acid ratio of Orah PT3 sprayed with 1% glucose twice was 29.50, and that of Orah PT4 sprayed with 5% glucose twice was 30.98, which were 24.68% and 30.94% higher than CK, respectively. Sprayed ABA had a certain effect on improving the red value a* and the comprehensive coloring index CCI. In the added value of a*, the added value of 10 mg/L YK2 treatment was 3.65, and that of 50 mg/L YK3 treatment was 3.88, which was significantly different from that of CK. It was recommended that 0.1%~1% edible glucose should be sprayed to improve the solid-acid ratio, and 5~10 mg/L ABA should be sprayed to improve the coloring, thereby prolonging the shelf life and improving the quality of Orah.

Effects of drought stress and rewatering on chlorophyll and nitrogen content in Allium ramosum

ZHOU Ting, FENG Shu-lin, WANG Jun-li

2025, 64(6):  124-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.020

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Aiming to explore the response characteristics of Allium tuberosum(wild chives) to drought environment, taking Qinling wild chives as the experimental material, the study investigated the effects of drought stress and rehydration on its relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content. The results showed that, with the extension of soil drought stress time, both the relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of wild chives showed a decreasing trend, while the water stress index showed an increasing trend. After 21 days of drought treatment, compared with the control group, the wild chives experienced the maximum decrease in relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content, which decreased by 39.47% and 30.99%, respectively. After rehydration treatment, the relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of wild chives gradually recovered. With the extension of rehydration time after drought stress, the recovery of relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content in wild chives was different. After 14 days of rehydration, the relative chlorophyll content of Qinling wild chives returned to the control level, and after five days of rehydration, the nitrogen content of Qinling wild chives returned to the control level. Rehydration stimulated the physiological compensation effect of wild chives.

Chinese Herbal Medicines

Chemical compositions,UPLC fingerprints and chemical pattern recognition evaluation of Yao medicine Galium aparine Linn. var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Cuf.

XIE Xian-li, QING Li-ting, LIANG Jian-li, LIU Dan, LI Yao-hua

2025, 64(6):  128-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.021

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The chemical constituents of Galium aparine Linn. var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Cuf. were identified using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS in combination with reference substance comparison. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% formic acid with gradient elution, and the flow rate was set to 0.2 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. ACQUITY UPLC HSS-T₃ C18 ( 150 mm × 3 mm, 1.8 μm ) column was used. The detection wavelengths were 260 nm and 340 nm. At the same time, UPLC fingerprint analysis was performed on 10 batches of Galium aparine samples from different producing areas, and chemical pattern recognition methods such as similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate their quality. The results showed that 32 components in Galium aparine were successfully identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS technology. The UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Galium aparine samples were established, and a total of 17 common peaks were calibrated, of which 3 chromatographic peaks were identified as phenolic acids. The similarity of 10 batches of samples was 0.897 ~ 0.996. The samples were divided into two categories by cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis were consistent with cluster analysis. It was demonstrated that the high-resolution liquid-mass spectrometry technique combined with UPLC fingerprinting and chemical pattern recognition method could comprehensively and effectively evaluate the quality of Galium aparine.

Fresh-cutting processing technology and feasibility of Bletilla striata

SHI Yu-bao, DENG Ri-jian, DENG Xiao-zhi, HUANG Tian-shu

2025, 64(6):  136-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.022

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In order to explore the fresh-cutting processing technology and its feasibility of Bletilla striata (Thunb.)Reichb.f., the study was conducted on whether to peel, the sequence of steaming and cutting, and the drying methods. At the same time, the difficulty of cutting, the drying rate of slices and appearance of the product were used as external quality evaluation indexes, and the content of militarine and polysaccharides was used as the internal quality evaluation index, with the aim of selecting the optimal fresh-cutting process. In addition, the in vitro antioxid capacity of DPPH, hydroxyl radical and ABTS and the hemostatic effect of fresh cut Bletilla striata and traditional cut Bletilla striata were studied to evaluate the feasibility of the fresh-cut process. The results showed that peeling was unnecessary when preparing Bletilla striata slices. The optimal process involved steaming fresh tubers until no white core remained,then slicing and drying at 50 ℃. The resulting slices exhibited overall superior antioxidant activity and hemostatic efficacy compared with traditionally processed slices, along with better quality, higher drying yield, and reduced time and cost. This method was recommended for application.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

The effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on ileal apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathway related gene expression in mice stimulated by Escherichia coli K88

ZHANG Zi-han, LIU Li-xue, HU Jin

2025, 64(6):  141-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.023

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To investigate the effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on the expression of genes related to apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways in the ileum after toxinogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 stimulation induces intestinal injury, 18 female BALB/c mice (5~6 weeks old, weighing 18±1 g) were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, each treatment with 6 replicates. After 1 week of normal feeding, the mice were orally gavaged with PBS, live AKK bacteria, or heat-inactivated AKK bacteria. The gavage was performed once every 2 d, and after 2 weeks of continuous gavage, ETEC K88 bacterial solution was intraperitoneally injected for infection, and after 36 h, the mice were anesthetized and sacrificed, and intestinal samples were retrieved to detect the expression of genes related to apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathway. The results showed as follows: (1) AKK bacteria and inactivated AKK bacteria had alleviating effects on the damage of ileal morphology and structure caused by ETEC K88 infection. (2) Both gavage and inactivated AKK significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ileum of mice (P<0.05). (3) AKK significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of Fasl, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), which are related to the apoptosis signaling pathway in mice, (P<0.05). (4) AKK bacteria or inactivated AKK bacteria significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of mammalian lepatoxin target protein (mTOR), and autophagy-related gene 12 (Atg12) in the ileum of mice (P<0.05). AKK bacteria has a certain alleviating effect on ileal injury in mice caused by ETEC K88 infection.

Analysis of meat quality of Qiangshan cloud chicken

LI Rong-hong, WU Jin-bo, YANG Xiao-lin, YU Chun-lin, WANG Rong-fang, SU Yuan-jun, LI Xing-liang, MU Sang, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Qiang, WANG, Zha

2025, 64(6):  146-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.024

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The protein, amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral elements in the muscle of Qiangshan cloud chicken were determined,and the meat quality of Qiangshan cloud chicken was analyzed. The results found that its essential amino acid content was abundant, accounting for up to 38.1%, which was at a medium to high level among local chicken breeds; the content of unsaturated fatty acids was as high as 72.8%, and the mineral content was also significantly higher than that of other chicken breeds in China.

Storage & Processing

Effect of three processing methods on the quality of water bamboo chips

DAI Fang, NAN Zhan-dong, WEN Hua-jian, YANG Shu-han, XIONG Tian, LIAO Li

2025, 64(6):  149-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.025

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To develop new products, deep frying, air frying, and hot air drying were used to process water bamboo chips（Zizania latifolia）, and their quality indicators such as hardness, brittleness, and acidity were analyzed. In the accelerated oxidation test, the peroxide value and odor substances of water bamboo chips were measured at 0, 6, 12, 18,24, and 30 days of storage, respectively. The results showed that the chips in the fried group had the largest color difference, hardness and brittleness, the highest acid value, and the highest fat content (27.56 g/100 g); The color difference, hardness, and acid value of the air fried water bamboo crisps were moderate, while the brittleness was the smallest, and the fat content was less than 19.00 g/100 g; the hot air drying group had the smallest color difference and hardness, the lowest acid value, moderate brittleness, and a fat content of less than 19.00 g/100 g. During the accelerated oxidation period, the peroxide value of the fried group was higher than the other two groups, reaching 0.25 g/100 g after being stored for 18 d; The peroxide values of the air frying group and the hot air drying group exceeded 0.25 g/100 g after being stored for 24 and 30 d respectively. The results of GC-MS showed that 71 kinds of volatile substances were detected in the three processing methods, including 8 alcohols, 18 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 3 acids, 4 esters, 14 alkanes, 4 olefins and 11 others. Overall, the quality and shelf life of water bamboo crisps processed by air frying and hot air drying were superior to those processed by deep frying, and hot air drying processing was even better.

Purification process and in vitro antioxidant activity of procyanidins from Embelia parviflora Wall.

FAN Li-hua, LI Jin-zhou, LI Meng-qi, ZHOU Guang-yun, DENG Qing-mei, WEI Jiang-cun, CHEN Yong

2025, 64(6):  155-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.026

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The purification process of proanthocyanidins from Embelia parviflora Wall. was studied by using polyamide resin chromatography, and the static and dynamic adsorption and desorption capacities of polyamide resin were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the purified proanthocyanidins from Embelia parviflora was also evaluated. The results showed that the optimized purification process was as follows: The sample loading concentration was 1.88~3.21 mg/mL, the sample loading flow rate was 2~3 mL/min, the dynamic specific adsorption capacity of polyamide was 16.05 mg/g, and the optimal elution flow rate was 2~3 mL/min. The elution rates of different volume fractions of desorption solutions were: 50% ethanol solution > 70% ethanol solution > 30% ethanol solution > 95% ethanol solution. In the antioxidant test, the scavenging rates of ABTS⁺· and the total reducing power of proanthocyanidins from Embelia parviflora and the proanthocyanidin reference substance were close to those of vitamin C, but the scavenging rates of DPPH· and superoxide anion were lower than those of vitamin C.

Optimization of the ultra-fine crushing process for Mentha haplocalyx Briq. by entropy weight method combined with central composite design-response surface methodology

CHEN Xue-ting, ZHANG Jian-jun, HE Cheng-yan

2025, 64(6):  161-166.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.027

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Using central composite design-response surface methodology, the comprehensive score values of volatile components such as menthol and menthone, non-volatile components such as neochlorogenic acid, protocatechualdehyde, rutin, naringin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and the average particle size of D₉₀, were used as indicators to optimize the three influencing factors of water content, dosage, and grinding time for ultra-fine crushing of Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Results showed that the optimal ultrafine grinding process for M. haplocalyx Briq. was to control the water content of the slices at 6.0%, with a grinding time of 18 min and a dosage of 70 g. The ultra-fine grinding process of M. haplocalyx Briq. optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and fast, and the obtained model had a high degree of fit and good predictability.

Detection Analysis

Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on procymidone residue levels in Allium tuberosum

WANG Mei-mei, ZHU Bao-yu, YU Ting-yu, XING Gao-shan, LIAO Can, ZHU Xiang, LI Jun-kai

2025, 64(6):  167-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.028

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To investigate the effect of 28-homobrassinolide on procymidone residue levels in Allium tuberosum, seven treatments were established using 28-homobrassinolide as the test agent, with a control group sprayed with procymidone but not 28-homobrassinolide.Samples were pretreated using the QuEChERS technique, and procymidone residue levels in Allium tuberosum were determined by GC-MS. Results showed that procymidone residue levels in Allium tuberosum at 1 day post-treatment were higher in the 28-homobrassinolide-treated groups than in the control.Under high-dose conditions (0.20 and 0.10 mg/L), procymidone residue levels at 1 day post-treatment exceeded the other treatments, regardless of whether 28-homobrassinolide was applied once before treatment or twice (pre- and post-treatment), indicating that high-dose 28-homobrassinolide temporarily enhanced procymidone absorption.At 2 days post-treatment, all treatments exhibited rapid reductions in procymidone residue levels, but residues remained higher than the control in groups treated with 0.20 mg/L 28-homobrassinolide (once or twice) and 0.10 mg/L 28-homobrassinolide (twice).From 3 days post-treatment onward, procymidone residue levels in 28-homobrassinolide-treated Allium tuberosum declined rapidly, with faster degradation observed in the double-application groups compared to single-application groups.Under natural conditions, procymidone residue levels in Allium tuberosum gradually decreased post-treatment, with a degradation curve equation of y=8.934 4e^-0.197t, correlation coefficient (r)=0.985 4, and a half-life (T_1/2) of 3.52 days. All 28-homobrassinolide-treated groups exhibited shorter procymidone degradation half-lives than the control, demonstrating that 28-homobrassinolide effectively accelerated procymidone degradation in Allium tuberosum.

Analysis of volatile components in different parts of Lithocarpus pachylepis by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

CHEN Hai-bin, HUANG Jun-tian, LI Zhi-hai, HUANG Bai-qi, LIAO Zong-lang, LU Yang-yang, FU Xiao-yun

2025, 64(6):  171-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.029

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The chemical composition, relative contents, and differences in different parts (shell, kernel, flower, leaf and branch) of Lithocarpus pachylepis were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed significant differences in volatile components and relative contents among different parts of Lithocarpus pachylepis. A total of 110 compounds belonging to 9 categories (alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, acids, ketones, alkanes, alkenes and esters) were detected. The shell, kernel, flower, leaf, and branch contained 41, 38, 42, 38 and 39 compounds, respectively.Nine common components were identified across all five parts of Lithocarpus pachylepis, including n-nonanal, decanal, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, caffeine, phytone, diisobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate.The relative contents of common components in descending order were branch , kernel, shell, flower, and leaf. Unique volatile components were identified in each part, with 18 in the shell, 9 in the kernel, 14 in the flower, 17 in the leaf, and 10 in the branch. Principal component analysis of common components extracted three principal components (cumulative variance contribution rate 84.63%). Caffeine, n-hexadecane, decanal, dibutyl phthalate, and n-heptadecane showed high positive correlations with principal components and were identified as key contributors to the volatile oil of Lithocarpus pachylepis.

Information Engineering

Maturity detection of tomato based on the improved YOLOv8s-Seg model

YANG Shuang, ZHOU Zhong-lin

2025, 64(6):  178-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.030

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To achieve real-time detection of tomato at different maturity stages, an improved YOLOv8s-Seg model was proposed to meet the precision management requirements of modern agriculture. By enhancing the neck module of the improved YOLOv8s-Seg model, a 1×1 SimConv layer was added before each upsampling operation, and the remaining conventional convolutions in the neck were replaced with 3×3 SimConv layers, significantly improving feature fusion capability. The results showed that the improved YOLOv8s-Seg model achieved segmentation precision rates of 92.7%, 92.3%, and 89.9% for mature, semi-mature, and immature tomatoes, respectively. Compared with the original YOLOv8s-Seg model, the improved YOLOv8s-Seg model demonstrated increases of 1.6, 0.4, 1.0, and 2.4 percentage points in precision, recall, F1-score, and mAP@0.5, respectively. The improved YOLOv8s-Seg model outperformed YOLOv8s-Seg, YOLOv5s-Seg, YOLOv7-Seg, and Mask R-CNN models in precision, recall, F1-score, and mAP@0.5. The inference time of the improved YOLOv8s-Seg model was 3.5 ms, showing a slight increase compared to YOLOv5s-Seg and YOLOv8s-Seg models, but remained significantly lower than YOLOv7-Seg and Mask R-CNN models.The improved YOLOv8s-Seg model exhibited superior performance in tomato maturity segmentation under complex environments, achieving high precision across scenarios involving leaf occlusion, fruit overlap, lighting variations, and viewpoint changes.

Construction of a remote sensing image inversion model for saline-alkali land based on deep learning

BAN Ruo-nan, DONG Luan

2025, 64(6):  185-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.031

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To address the inversion problem of remote sensing images of saline-alkali land in the Tailan River Irrigation District of Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, an image classification model based on the PointRend network integrated with the CoTAttention mechanism was proposed. The model used DeepLabV3 as the backbone network and incorporated the CoTAttention module to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network. To verify the classification performance of the improved network, experiments were conducted using Sentinel-2 remote sensing images from the Tailan River Irrigation District. The results showed that the PointRend model achieved good performance metrics, with pixel accuracy, mean intersection over union (MIoU), and F1 reaching 89%, 88%, and 88%, respectively. Compared with the original PointRend model without the CoTAttention mechanism, the improved PointRend model demonstrated enhanced metrics, with pixel accuracy, MIoU, and F1 increasing by 3, 2, and 3 percentage points, respectively. The improved PointRend model significantly enhanced the ability to capture fine details and refine edges in segmentation tasks, thereby improving overall classification accuracy.

Application of Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery in aboveground carbon storage estimation of arboreal forests in the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains

ZHAO Bing-jie, GAO Peng-yuan, WANG Chun-bo, ZHAO Wei-chang, ZUO Wei-kun, LIANG Dai-song, SI Lei

2025, 64(6):  190-196.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.032

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To explore the potential of Sentinel-2 for estimating aboveground carbon storage in arboreal forests on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains, a pilot study was conducted using Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery from 2021 and quadrat survey data. By integrating spectral information, vegetation indices, textural features, and topographic factors, optimal variables were screened using mean residual sum of squares (RMS), akaike information criterion (AIC), and adjusted coefficient of determination (R²_adjust). Both the partial least squares regression model and the robust estimation model were developed, with their accuracy evaluated through the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (E_RMS), relative root mean square error (E_RRMS), and bias (b_bias). The results showed that 22 highly significant remote sensing factors (P<0.01) were extracted from Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery data, with 7 modeling factors ultimately selected through variable optimization. These factors covered three categories: Spectral information (band11, band12, band4, band5), vegetation indices (NDVI, RVI), and textural features (b11-Mean). Both the partial least squares regression model and robust estimation model demonstrated high predictive accuracy and reliability, with the former outperforming the latter. The results indicated the strong applicability of Sentinel-2 for aboveground carbon storage estimation in arboreal forests on the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains.

Biological Engineering

Full-length transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the Bombyx mandarina

MENG Gang, WANG Rui-xian, CHU Qu, PENG Yun-wu, YANG Jin-hong, CHEN An-li, ZHANG Sheng-yuan, LING Jun

2025, 64(6):  197-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.033

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This study employed second-generation sequencing (Illumina RNA-Seq) to calibrate third-generation sequencing (PacBio ISO-Seq) for conducting full-length transcriptome sequencing of the Bombyx mandarina, aiming to investigate gene expression characteristics during different pupal diapause and deeply explore genomic functional information.A total of 93 616 full-length transcripts were obtained through sequencing and assembly, with a sequence length of 327~33 273 bp, an average length of 2 631 bp, and N50 of 3 204 bp. Integration of annotations from COG, GO, KEGG, KOG, Pfam, Swiss Prot, eggNOG, and NR databases identified 82 796 functionally annotated genes. Analysis of full-length transcripts revealed 17 189 lncRNAs, 87 921 SSR markers, and 49 432 open reading frames (ORFs), with ORF-encoded proteins ranging from 0 to 1 522 amino acids (average 305 aa).Gene expression analysis across diapause stages identified 5 780 differentially expressed genes, including 2 269 with GO annotations and 1 590 with KEGG annotations.

Content of 2-Phenylethanol and its glycosides and expression of associated genes in different cherry tomato cultivars

SHI Xian-peng, SONG Min, WU Cheng-yu, LIU Li-feng, CHENG Fei, MA Jing

2025, 64(6):  207-214.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.034

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Four cherry tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.） cultivars (Qianxi, Xiaohong, T7, and Fushan 88) were used as experimental materials. The contents of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucoside in fruits were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Potential uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes were screened through phylogenetic analysis. Their expression patterns were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to investigate the correlation between the contents of 2-phenylethanol/2-phenylethyl β-D-glucoside and related gene expression levels. The results showed significant differences in 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucoside contents among cultivars, with the order of Qianxi>Xiaohong>T7>Fushan 88. The highest contents of 2-phenylethanol (3 906.69 ng/g) and 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucoside (5 590.26 ng/g) were detected in Qianxi, both significantly higher than those in other cultivars.Phylogenetic analysis identified 20 SlUGT genes. Among them, SlUGT42, SlUGT54, SlUGT103, SlUGT104, and SlUGT105 showed increasing expression trends during fruit development.SlUGT103, SlUGT104, and SlUGT105 exhibited the highest expression levels in Qianxi, coinciding with its peak 2-phenylethanol and glycoside contents. The relative expression of SlUGT103 showed significant positive correlations with both 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucoside contents. The relative expression of SlUGT104 was significantly positively correlated with 2-phenylethanol content.SlUGT103 and SlUGT104 were identified as key glucosyltransferase genes catalyzing the glycosylation of 2-phenylethanol.

Diversity analysis of matK gene in Rubus chingii Hu based on bioinformatics

YUAN Li-xia, ZHOU Lei, LOU Tian-ling, WANG Fu-rong, WU Hao

2025, 64(6):  215-219.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.035

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Using bioinformatics methods, multi-dimensional analysis was performed on the chloroplast matK gene of Rubus chingii Hu, including open reading frame prediction, amino acid composition and physicochemical property analysis, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity assessment, signal peptide prediction, subcellular localization, and spatial structure modeling.Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary tree construction were conducted for 14 species based on matK gene sequences. The results showed that the matK gene of Rubus chingii Hu was 1 512 bp in length and encoded 503 amino acids. The matK protein was localized in chloroplasts with 95% confidence level, had an isoelectric point of 9.73 (indicating an alkaline protein), and showed an instability index of 42.52 and a hydrophilicity coefficient of -0.152, classifying it as an unstable hydrophilic protein.No signal peptide was detected in the matK protein. The secondary structure of matK protein primarily consisted of random coils (246 residues), α-helices (171 residues), and extended strands (86 residues), with random coils accounting for the highest proportion (48.90%) and extended strands the lowest (17.10%). The tertiary structure achieved a GMQE score of 0.61 with 93.64% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on matK gene sequences revealed that Rubus chingii Hu and 13 other species were classified into three clusters. Rubus chingii Hu formed a clade with Rubus rosifolius, Rubus ursinus, and Rubus ellipticus, showing the closest genetic relationship with Rubus rosifolius.

Research on molecular mechanisms of Oryza sativa L. response to waterlogging stress during tillering stage using integrated transcriptome-metabolome analysis

LUO Xiao-yun, LI Pei-de, ZHENG Xing-fei, YIN De-suo, WANG Hong-bo, HU Jian-lin, HU Peng, LIU Dan, WEN Yi, CHEN Dong-pan, LEI Tian-jie, XU De-ze

2025, 64(6):  220-231.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.036

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Using Oryza sativa L. cultivars Ezhong 6 (indica) and Changligeng 384 (japonica) as materials, plants at the tillering stage were subjected to 2/3 plant height water depth treatment (lasting 7 days). Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to investigate post-stress gene expression and metabolite changes.Transcriptome analysis identified 3 080 and 1 624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ezhong 6 and Changligeng 384, respectively, which were significantly enriched in carbohydrate biosynthetic process, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways.Metabolome analysis revealed significant enrichment of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) such as benzene and substituted derivatives, organic acids, and lactones in Ezhong 6 and Changligeng 384, primarily involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways.Integrated transcriptome-metabolome analysis identified seven co-enriched pathways in both cultivars: Metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites, diterpenoid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis.Oryza sativa L. responded to waterlogging stress by activating antioxidant systems, regulating hormone signaling, and accumulating defensive metabolites.

Economy & Management

The intrinsic mechanism and empirical test of the digital economy empowering urban-rural integration development

LIU Li, YANG Guang-xi

2025, 64(6):  232-239.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.037

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Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2012 to 2021, the impact of the development of the digital economy on urban-rural integration and its mechanisms were examined by using fixed-effect models, mediating-effect models and threshold-effect models. The results showed that the development of the digital economy could significantly promote the process of urban - rural integration in China. Compared with regions with a high level of urban-rural integration, the development of the digital economy had a greater promoting effect in regions with a low level of urban-rural integration. This mechanism was realized through two channels: Labor transfer and enhancing regional development capabilities. Further exploration was conducted and it was revealed that the development of the digital economy presented non-linear characteristics in urban-rural integration. When the regional economic development level crossed two thresholds, the enabling effect of the digital economy on the development of urban-rural integration gradually slowed down. Therefore, local digital economy construction should be continuously improved, labor transfer should be rationally guided, the endogenous driving force of regional development should be strengthened, and differential policies should be implemented according to local conditions, so as to share the dividends of the digital economy and comprehensively promote the in-depth integration of urban and rural areas.

Farmers' adoption behavior and influencing factors of saline-alkali cultivated land treatment technologies: A case study of Awati County, Xinjiang

TU Jiao-yang, Abudureheman Abudikeranmu, GUO Yong-chao, MA Yu-qin, ZHANG Qing, WANG Jin-yi

2025, 64(6):  240-246.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.038

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Based on the micro-research data from 245 rural households in Awati County, Xinjiang, the adoption behavior, adoption intensity and influencing factors of salinized cultivated land treatment technologies by rural households were systematically explored through theoretical and empirical analyses. The results showed that regarding whether farmers adopted salinized cultivated land treatment technologies, the total area of cultivated land, cultivated land quality protection subsidies, and salinization treatment training all had a significant positive impact on farmers' adoption decision. Regarding farmers' adoption intensity of salinized cultivated land treatment technologies, household characteristics (number of agricultural laborers), cultivated land characteristics (total cultivated land area), external environmental characteristics (impact of sand - dust weather, rationality of agricultural product prices), and policy-oriented characteristics (cultivated land quality protection subsidies, salinization treatment training) all significantly influenced the adoption intensity. The heterogeneity analysis indicated that individual farmer characteristics (education level), household characteristics (number of agricultural laborers), cultivated land characteristics (total cultivated land area), and policy-oriented characteristics (cultivated land quality protection subsidies, salinization treatment training) had differential impacts on farmers' adoption of physical improvement technology, chemical improvement technology, hydraulic improvement technology, and biological improvement technology. Based on the above-mentioned analyses, policy suggestions such as constructing a systematic promotion system for salinized cultivated land treatment technologies and implementing a diversified technology collaborative treatment model were put forward.

Rural Revitalization

The impact of the “Belt and Road” on rural revitalization under the background of opening-up

YUAN Yuan

2025, 64(6):  247-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.06.039

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The “Belt and Road” initiative was selected as a case of opening-up practice to explore the interaction between it and the strategy of rural revitalization. Using the provincial panel data from 2010 to 2021, the PSM-DID method was adopted to empirically identify the impact of the “Belt and Road” on the economic development, poverty reduction effectiveness and rural residents' income of the regions along the route. The results showed that the “Belt and Road” led to economic growth and increased farmers' income in the regions along the route, reduced the poverty rate, and had a significant positive driving effect on rural revitalization. The effect gradually strengthened over time. From the perspective of regional differences, the “Belt and Road” initiative played a more significant role in the western region than in the coastal region, especially the driving poverty alleviation in minority areas. In addition, it was found that the opening of the China-Europe train could promote the economic growth of the regions along the route, but the effect of increasing farmers' income had regional heterogeneity and was not significant in some areas. Based on the “Five-Pronged Approach” model, it was further found that the transmission path of the “Belt and Road” in promoting rural revitalization was mainly realized through industrial optimization and improving the level of foreign trade, while the role of financial support and policy response paths was relatively weak. Finally, policy suggestions for the effective connection between the “Belt and Road” Initiative and the strategy of rural revitalization were put forward.