Abstract: In October 2023, soil samples were collected from the Karamay oil field export site. Cultivation, isolation and purification, Gram staining, 16S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification, and drug sensitivity tests were performed for the bacteria in these soil samples. The drugs of the drug sensitivity tests involved erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, carbenicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and lincomycin. The results showed that a total of 30 bacterial strains were isolated from the soil samples, which could be divided into five categories. One representative strain from each category was selected for identification. The identification results showed that the five bacteria were Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus swezeyi, Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus rugosus and Bacillus stercoris. These five bacteria belonged to the Bacillus genus, playing important roles in the soil ecosystem. They could promote plant growth, improve soil fertility, inhibit pathogens, decompose organic matter, and participate in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. They also exhibited potential application value in oil degradation. The results of the drug sensitivity tests indicated that the five bacterial strains exhibited a wide range of resistance to the aforementioned drugs.

Key words: soil bacteria, isolation and identification, antimicrobial resistance, the oil outlet, Karamay