褐飞虱灾变机制与综合防控研究进展

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 系统阐述了褐飞虱[Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)]关键研究领域的核心进展：在生物学特性方面,明确了其翅二型性的生态适应意义及生活史与繁殖特性的调控因素,揭示了基于形态学与分子标记的种群分化及生物型分化格局;在发生与迁飞规律方面,阐明了受季风环流、气象条件及寄主生育期协同调控的跨国界迁飞路径及种群翅型调控的迁飞机制,解析了气候因子、寄主抗性、栽培模式及天敌等多因素协同调控的种群消长机制;在监测预警领域,已形成以灯诱、性诱和系统调查为主的传统方法与智能化技术互补的标准化体系,其中基于机器学习构建的预警模型预测准确率已达85%以上,大幅提升了监测预警的精准度与时效性;在综合防治方面,构建了以农业防治为基础、生物防治为核心、化学防治为应急保障的技术体系,明确了褐飞虱对吡虫啉等药剂产生千倍以上高抗性的演化机制及相应的抗性治理策略。未来研究应聚焦褐飞虱迁飞与抗药性的分子机制解析、抗虫品种培育、智能化监测预警体系构建等核心方向,为褐飞虱的精准防控提供理论依据与技术支撑,保障稻区粮食安全。

关键词: 褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens), 生物学特性, 发生规律, 监测预警, 综合防治

Abstract: The core progress in key research areas of the brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)] was systematically elaborated in this review. In terms of biological characteristics, the ecological adaptive significance of its wing dimorphism and the regulatory factors of its life history and reproductive traits were clarified, and the patterns of population differentiation and biotype differentiation based on morphology and molecular markers were revealed. Regarding occurrence and migration patterns, the transnational migration routes co-regulated by monsoon circulation, meteorological conditions, and host growth stages, as well as the migration mechanisms involving wing-type regulation, were elucidated. Furthermore, the mechanisms of population dynamics co-regulated by multiple factors such as climatic factors, host resistance, cultivation practices, and natural enemies were resolved. In the field of monitoring and early warning, a standardized system that complemented traditional methods (primarily light trapping, sex pheromone trapping, and systematic field surveys) with intelligent technologies was established. Among these, early warning models based on machine learning achieved prediction accuracies exceeding 85%, significantly enhancing the precision and timeliness of monitoring and early warning. In terms of integrated pest management (IPM), a technical system with agricultural control as the foundation, biological control as the core, and chemical control as an emergency measure was constructed. Additionally, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the development of >1 000-fold resistance to imidacloprid and other insecticides, along with corresponding resistance management strategies, were clarified. Future research should focus on core areas such as elucidating the molecular mechanisms of migration and insecticide resistance, breeding insect-resistant varieties, and developing intelligent monitoring and early warning systems, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the precise management of the brown planthopper and ensuring food security in rice-growing regions.

Key words: Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), biological characteristics, occurrence patterns, monitoring and early warning, integrated pest management

中图分类号:

姜成红, 乔羽, 田雨, 梁发茂, 陈俊丞, 熊玉冰, 黄晗, 潘龙其. 褐飞虱灾变机制与综合防控研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(5): 114-118.

JIANG Cheng-hong, QIAO Yu, TIAN Yu, LIANG Fa-mao, CHEN Jun-cheng, XIONG Yu-bing, HUANG Han, PAN Long-qi. Research progress on the outbreak mechanism and integrated control of Nilaparvata lugens[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(5): 114-118.

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