南疆盐碱地施用酸性调理剂的降盐与小麦增产效应

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确在南疆盐碱地施用酸性调理剂的降盐、促生增产效果,筛选出改良盐碱土并显著提高小麦子粒产量的最适酸性调理剂,于2024年在新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿图什市附近的红旗农场重度盐渍化小麦田开展田间试验,设置对照(CK)、草酸(OA)、柠檬酸(CA)、木醋液(WV)、黄腐酸(FA)和矿源黄腐酸钾(FAK)6个处理。比较不同处理对0~20 cm土层土壤pH、电导率(EC)、株高、茎粗、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、子粒产量的影响。结果表明,各类酸性调理剂能够有效降低土壤pH,改善根际环境,促进作物生长。其中,柠檬酸处理的土壤酸化作用最为显著;黄腐酸处理的脱盐效果最强,表现出良好的盐分淋洗作用。在作物生长方面,施用酸性调理剂可增加小麦株高和茎粗,并优化产量构成因子。黄腐酸和矿源黄腐酸钾处理的增产效果最为突出,其主要通过增加有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重实现。柠檬酸和木醋液亦表现出一定的增产潜力,草酸的增产效果较弱。酸性调理剂的降盐、促生增产综合效应依次为黄腐酸>矿源黄腐酸钾>木醋液>柠檬酸>草酸。在南疆重度盐碱地,施用30 kg/hm²黄腐酸或45 kg/hm²矿源黄腐酸钾可显著降低土壤盐分并提高作物产量,该技术方案具有较好的区域推广潜力。

关键词: 盐碱地, 酸性调理剂, 降盐, 小麦, 有机酸, 黄腐酸, 土壤化学改良, 增产效应, 南疆

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the effects of applying acidic conditioners on salt reduction, growth promotion, and yield increase in saline-alkali land of southern Xinjiang, and to screen out the most suitable acidic conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil and significantly increasing wheat grain yield. A field experiment was conducted in 2024 in a heavily salinized wheat field at Hongqi Farm near Atushi City, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. Six treatments were established: a control check (CK), oxalic acid (OA), citric acid (CA), wood vinegar (WV), fulvic acid (FA), and mineral-source potassium fulvate (FAK). The effects of different treatments on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plant height, stem diameter, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield in the 0-20 cm soil layer were compared. The results showed that various acidic conditioners effectively reduced soil pH, improved the rhizosphere environment, and promoted crop growth. Among them, the citric acid treatment exhibited the most significant soil acidification effect; the fulvic acid treatment demonstrated the strongest desalination effect, showing a good salt leaching action. In terms of crop growth, the application of acidic conditioners increased wheat plant height and stem diameter, and optimized yield components. The yield-increasing effects of the fulvic acid and mineral-source potassium fulvate treatments were the most prominent, primarily achieved by increasing the effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. Citric acid and wood vinegar also showed certain yield-increasing potential, while the effect of oxalic acid was relatively weak. The comprehensive effects of acidic conditioners on salt reduction, growth promotion, and yield increase were in the order: fulvic acid > mineral-source potassium fulvate > wood vinegar > citric acid > oxalic acid. In the heavily saline-alkali land of Southern Xinjiang, the application of 30 kg/hm² of fulvic acid or 45 kg/hm² of mineral-source potassium fulvate significantly reduced soil salinity and increased crop yield. This technical approach had good potential for regional promotion.

Key words: saline-alkali land, acidic conditioners, salt reduction, wheat, organic acids, fulvic acid, soil chemical improvement, yield increase effect, Southern Xinjiang

中图分类号:

S512.1⁺2

张江鹏, 胡桂清, 张文太, 张广斌, 帅文娟. 南疆盐碱地施用酸性调理剂的降盐与小麦增产效应[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(4): 67-74.

ZHANG Jiang-peng, HU Gui-qing, ZHANG Wen-tai, ZHANG Guang-bin, SHUAI Wen-juan. Effects of acidic conditioner application on salt reduction and wheat yield increase in saline-alkali land of Southern Xinjiang[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(4): 67-74.

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