Abstract: The agricultural industry value chain was introduced, and then the plight of the agricultural industry value chain was explored. The study found that the dilemma of the agricultural industry value chain was mainly manifested in the four links of production, processing, logistics and sales, which were characterized by decentralized business model, low production efficiency, single type of agricultural products, and lack of standardized production standard system and brand management awareness; the processing level of agricultural products was low, the processing system was not perfect, and the processing quality was low; the circulation efficiency and logistics organization level of agricultural products were low, and the logistics infrastructure needed to be improved; the sales channel was too long and the sales cost was high. Finally, the optimization strategy of the agricultural industry value chain was put forward according to the dilemma.

Key words: agricultural industry, value chain, dilemma and optimization, Jiangsu Province