The influence of meteorological elements on the yield and quality of spring corn in Longdong

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.07.003

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the meteorological element data of Xifeng District from 1961 to 2020 and the regional joint test of maize in the national agrometeorological experimental station （the spring corn sowing test in Xifeng District by stages） from 2018 to 2020, the impact of meteorological elements on the yield and quality of spring corn（Zea mays） in Longdong was explored. The results showed that the annual average temperature, the annual average maximum temperature, the annual average minimum temperature, and the accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ in Xifeng District from 1961 to 2020 showed a significant upward trend, while the annual precipitation and sunshine duration showed a decreasing trend and were not significant;during the stage sowing period, different years and sowing dates had different meteorological conditions. During the jointing and tasseling period, spring corn required a large amount of water. The precipitation in 2018 was the highest, which was beneficial for its growth. In 2020, spring drought was encountered, which was unfavorable for the growth of spring corn. In 2020, continuous rainy days were long and of a large magnitude, which affected the pollination and filling of spring corn;the effect of the matching degree of light, heat, and water on the growth and development of spring corn during SD2（2 May） and SD3（12 May） sowing dates was higher than that of other sowing dates each year; the increase of temperature after emergence, the increase of accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ at emergence to seven-leaf stage and milk mature stage, the increase of precipitation at seven-leaf to milk mature stage, and the increase of sunshine duration at emergence to seven-leaf stage were all conducive to the increase of spring corn yield. Sowing from late April to mid-May could increase the crude protein and fat content of spring corn, but the effect on the crude starch content was not significant. The planting of spring corn in Longdong should choose the appropriate sowing date based on different climatic years.

Key words: corn（Zea mays）, spring corn, meteorological elements, yield, quality, Longdong

CLC Number:

S352.1

ZHANG Ke-xin, GUO Tong, YU Xiao, ZHAO Yu-juan, LIU Dong-hui. The influence of meteorological elements on the yield and quality of spring corn in Longdong[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(7): 12-18.

References

[1] 国家统计局. 2020中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2020.
[2] 尤利群,范秀荣.我国粮食安全的战略体系分析——解读《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要(2008—2020年)》[J].生产力研究,2009(20):5-7.
[3] 赵宗慈,罗勇,黄建斌.回顾IPCC 30年(1988—2018年)[J].气候变化研究进展,2018,14(5):540-546.
[4] 谢瑞芝,明博.玉米生产系统对气候变化的响应与适应[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(17):3587-3591.
[5] 翟治芬,胡玮,严昌荣,等.中国玉米发育期变化及其影响因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4587-4603.
[6] 徐丽萍,于海,张铁林.玉米分期播种试验总结:温度对玉米生长的影响[J].吉林气象,2010(4):34-36.
[7] 魏琪,李广浩,陆卫平,等.播期对秋播鲜食糯玉米产量和品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2020,41(5):15-23.
[8] 王文琼,卓名旭,邹康平,等.播期对不同玉米品种形态特征与产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2018(3):13-17.
[9] 南晓洁,周伟,郭尚.施用菌糠条件下播期对糯玉米籽粒营养品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2021,49(21):108-115.
[10] 钟昌松,张玉,吕巨智,等.不同播期对广西春玉米生长特性及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):511-515.
[11] 赵先丽,李丽光,蔡福,等.播期对辽南地区春玉米生育进程及产量影响的试验研究[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(6):66-72.
[12] 李雯,马琳峰,曹熙敏,等.播期对冀西北坝上农牧交错区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].草地学报,2021,29(5):1080-1086.
[13] 许瀚林,袁慧敏,刘瑶,等.播期对冀西北农牧交错区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(11):100-105.
[14] 张谋草,张可心,姜惠峰,等.温度对陇东地区红富士苹果品质的影响及品质区划[J].中国农学通报,2020,36(12):46-52.
[15] 张可心,张谋草,刘翔,等.基于SPI的陇东黄土高原干旱特征及对冬小麦产量的影响分析[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(23):233-240.
[16] 张强.科学看待西北地区气候暖湿化现象[N].中国气象报,2020-01-15(3).
[17] 张谋草,赵玮,邓振镛,等.分期播种对陇东地区玉米产量的影响及适宜播期分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):28-33.
[18] 张可心. 1981—2018年庆阳市气候舒适度特征分析及评价[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(5):1270-1277.
[19] 张可心,张谋草,杜军.1981—2016年庆阳市地表湿润状况时空变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2019,35(13):101-106.
[20] 姚小英,蒲金涌,王位泰,等.近15a陇东玉米生长期辐热积动态变化及与干物质累积量关系的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010(6):243-247.
[21] 国家气象局.农业气象观测规范[M]. 北京:气象出版社,1993.
[22] 马金玉,梁宏,罗勇,等.中国近50年太阳直接辐射和散射辐射变化趋势特征[J].物理学报,2011,60(6):853-866.