Abstract: The core progress in key research areas of the brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)] was systematically elaborated in this review. In terms of biological characteristics, the ecological adaptive significance of its wing dimorphism and the regulatory factors of its life history and reproductive traits were clarified, and the patterns of population differentiation and biotype differentiation based on morphology and molecular markers were revealed. Regarding occurrence and migration patterns, the transnational migration routes co-regulated by monsoon circulation, meteorological conditions, and host growth stages, as well as the migration mechanisms involving wing-type regulation, were elucidated. Furthermore, the mechanisms of population dynamics co-regulated by multiple factors such as climatic factors, host resistance, cultivation practices, and natural enemies were resolved. In the field of monitoring and early warning, a standardized system that complemented traditional methods (primarily light trapping, sex pheromone trapping, and systematic field surveys) with intelligent technologies was established. Among these, early warning models based on machine learning achieved prediction accuracies exceeding 85%, significantly enhancing the precision and timeliness of monitoring and early warning. In terms of integrated pest management (IPM), a technical system with agricultural control as the foundation, biological control as the core, and chemical control as an emergency measure was constructed. Additionally, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the development of >1 000-fold resistance to imidacloprid and other insecticides, along with corresponding resistance management strategies, were clarified. Future research should focus on core areas such as elucidating the molecular mechanisms of migration and insecticide resistance, breeding insect-resistant varieties, and developing intelligent monitoring and early warning systems, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the precise management of the brown planthopper and ensuring food security in rice-growing regions.

Key words: Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), biological characteristics, occurrence patterns, monitoring and early warning, integrated pest management