湖北农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (23): 55-60.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.013

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机无机钾肥配施对甜玉米产量、品质及土壤微生物的影响

王素萍1, 杜雷1, 陈钢1,2, 洪娟1,2, 黄翔1, 张贵友1, 练志诚1, 张利红1, 叶莉霞1, 姜利1   

  1. 1.武汉市农业科学院环境与安全研究所,武汉 430070;
    2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-14 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2019-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 陈 钢(1969-),女,正高级农艺师,博士,主要从事养分资源管理与新型肥料研发,(电子信箱)gchen2006@163.com。
  • 作者简介:王素萍(1985-),女,山东德州人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事蔬菜养分资源管理与现代施肥技术,(电话)13971613681(电子信箱)wsp12@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203013); 武汉市农业科学院创新项目(CX201450)

Effects of Different Combination of Organic and Inorganic Potassium on the Yield,Quality of Sweet Corn and the Content of Soil Microorganisms

WANG Su-ping1, DU Lei1, CHEN Gang1, HONG Juan1,2, HUANG Xiang1, ZHANG Gui-you1, LIAN Zhi-cheng1, ZHANG Li-hong1, YE Li-xia1,2, JIANG Li1   

  1. 1.Institute of Environmental and Safety,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430070,China;
    2.College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Received:2018-09-14 Online:2018-12-10 Published:2019-12-18

摘要: 为阐明甜玉米(Zea mays L.)有机无机钾肥施用的最佳配比,研究了不同有机无机钾肥配施比例对甜玉米产量、品质及土壤微生物含量的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥可促进甜玉米叶片数和株高的增加,提高果实中硝酸盐、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,可显著增加玉米的穗粗、穗长、行粒数及千粒重,降低秃尖长,但对苞叶数及穗行数无显著影响。施用钾肥促进了甜玉米产量、干物质积累量和钾素积累量的增加,增幅分别为11.02%~26.04%、28.42%~47.39%和35.87%~68.97%。同时可显著增加土壤中可培养的细菌、真菌与放线菌的数量。等施钾量条件下,施用有机肥可以降低果实中硝酸盐积累量,提高可溶性糖含量。30%有机钾+70%无机钾处理的玉米产量、农学效率、钾素积累量和钾肥表观利用率分别为18 755 kg/hm2、21.53 kg/kg、194.89 kg/hm2和44.19%,显著高于其他施钾处理。钾素主要积累在甜玉米的叶片和茎秆中。土壤中可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量有机无机肥配施处理显著高于全部施用化肥处理,且随着有机钾在总施钾量中所占比例的降低也呈降低趋势。综上所述,有机无机钾肥配施较全部施用化肥可以提高甜玉米的产量、品质和肥料利用率,有机和无机钾肥3∶7配施效果最好。

关键词: 有机无机肥配施, 甜玉米(Zea mays L.), 产量, 品质, 土壤微生物

Abstract: In order to clarify the optimum proportion for the combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on sweet corn(Zea mays L.),the effects of different combination of organic and inorganic potassium on the yield,quality of sweet corn and the content of soil microorganisms were studied. The results showed that application of potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the leaf number and plant height of sweet corn,increase the content of nitrate,soluble sugar and soluble protein in fruit of sweet corn,and significantly increase the ear diameter,ear length,row grains and thousand kernel weight,while reducing the bald tip length of sweet corn,but no significant effect on the number of bract and ear rows. The potassium fertilization significantly influenced on the yield,dry matter and potassium accumulation of sweet corn,and they were increased by 11.02%~26.04%,28.42%~47.39% and 35.87%~68.97% respectively. The number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil were increased. Organic fertilizer application could decrease the nitrate accumulation in sweet corn,and increase content of soluble sugar under the same condition of potassium rates. The yield,agronomic efficiency,potassium accumulation and apparent utilization of 30%OF and 70%CF treatment was 18 755 kg/hm2,21.53 kg/kg,194.89 kg/hm2 and 44.19%,respectively. Potassium was mainly accumulated in sweet corn leaf and stem. The population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil present that the treatment of organic matter mixed with chemical fertilizer were much higher than the treatment of single chemical fertilizer,and it was decreased with the organic potassium fertilizer proportion to the total potassium decreased. Analysis indicated that the effects of applying mixed fertilizer is superion to applying single fertilizer, and the effect of applying organic matter mixed with chemical fertilizer 3∶7 was the best.

Key words: combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, sweet corn(Zea mays L.), yield, quality, soil microbial content

中图分类号: