秸秆还田与氮素管理对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构的协同调控效应

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究秸秆还田与氮素管理对小麦根际微生物群落结构的协同调控机制,以小麦品种科农9204为材料,设置秸秆还田与不还田为主处理,高（300 kg/hm²尿素）、低（不施尿素）氮水平为副处理,在分蘖期、拔节期和灌浆期分析土壤理化性质及根际微生物群落特征。结果表明,秸秆还田提升了土壤全氮含量、速效氮含量、有机质含量及pH,增强土壤保水能力,以秸秆还田配施高氮处理效果最优。秸秆还田处理的ACE、Shannon指数高于秸秆不还田处理,且高氮条件下ACE、Shannon指数低于低氮条件。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）为优势菌群,秸秆还田有利于土生单胞菌属菌群（Terrimonas）的富集,而高氮条件则对拔节期Chryseolinea的相对丰度具有正向促进作用。相关性分析表明,土壤pH和全氮是驱动微生物多样性变化的关键因子。综上,秸秆还田结合合理氮素管理可优化土壤养分环境并重塑根际微生物群落结构。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮素管理, 小麦, 根际土壤, 微生物群落结构, 协同调控效应

Abstract: To explore the synergistic regulatory mechanism of straw returning and nitrogen management on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of wheat, the wheat variety ‘Kenong 9204’ was used as the material. Straw returning and non-straw returning were set as the main treatments, and high（300 kg/hm² urea） and low(no urea) nitrogen levels were set as the sub-treatments. Soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere microbial community characteristics were analyzed at the tillering stage, jointing stage and grain-filling stage. The results showed that straw returning increased soil total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, organic matter content and pH, and enhanced soil water-holding capacity, with the treatment of straw returning combined with high nitrogen application showing the best effect. The ACE and Shannon indices of the straw returning treatment were higher than those of the non-straw returning treatment, and under the high nitrogen condition, the ACE and Shannon indices were lower than those under the low nitrogen condition. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. Straw returning favored the enrichment of Terrimonas bacterial community, while the high nitrogen condition had a positive promoting effect on the relative abundance of Chryseolinea at the jointing stage. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH and total nitrogen were the key factors driving the changes in microbial diversity. In conclusion, straw returning combined with rational nitrogen management could optimize the soil nutrient environment and reshape the rhizosphere microbial community structure.

Key words: straw returning, nitrogen management, wheat, rhizosphere soil, microbial community structure, synergistic regulatory effect

中图分类号:

S153

杨恩华. 秸秆还田与氮素管理对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构的协同调控效应[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(9): 52-59.

YANG En-hua. Synergistic regulatory effects of straw returning and nitrogen management on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of wheat[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(9): 52-59.

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