Abstract: Using data analysis and comparative advantage analysis model, this paper deeply analyzes the agricultural data of Hunan province in recent years, and probes into four practical problems, the desire of farmers to adjust the planting structure of rural planting industry in Hunan province is not strong, the rural planting structure is relatively single, the competitiveness of agricultural products is not strong, and the rural planting environment needs to be improved, in order to provide a path choice for a new round of rural planting structure adjustment. Adjustments should be made in the following four aspects, first, the long-term planning of the government to actively guide farmers to carry out the adjustment of the structure of the planting industry; second, rationally adjust the scale of the crop industry structure, coordinate the relationship between various crops;third, build a good industrial chain of agricultural products, fully realize the value of agricultural products; fourth, to realize the unity of short-term benefit and long-term development of rural planting industry.

Key words: rural planting, planting structure adjustment, comparative advantage analysis, realistic predicament, path choice, Hunan province