Table of Content

25 July 2022, Volume 61 Issue 14

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Breeding & Cultivation

Effect of sowing date on nutrients of double cropping rice in Jiangxi Province

ZHANG Chong-hua, WANG Shang-ming, DUAN Li-cheng, WU Feng-yu, WANG Cheng-zi, ZHANG Qing-xia, YANG Lin

2022, 61(14):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.001

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The effects of meteorological factors on the contents of amino acids, protein, amylose, amylopectin and fat in rice at different sowing and grain filling stages were studied by using early and late rice varieties Xiangzaoxian 45 and Rongyouhuazhan, which were promoted mainly in Jiangxi Province, as experimental materials. The results showed that different sowing dates had obvious effects on the amino acid, protein, and starch content in the early and late rice. The content of essential amino acids in early and late rice was significantly less than that of non-essential amino acids. The planting year and sowing date had a great influence on the amino acid content of early rice, and the total amino acid content of late rice was the highest at the first sowing date （sowing date on June 10）. The protein content in early rice showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the sowing date. The partial correlation analysis of various meteorological factors and various nutrient elements during the grain filling stage showed that higher accumulated temperature was more unfavorable for the accumulation of essential amino acids in early and late rice and the starch content of early rice, but it was beneficial to the accumulation of starch content in late rice. The partial correlation of protein content in early and late rice and various meteorological factors was not significant.

Analysis on quality characteristics of rice varieties approved in China from 2000 to 2020

JIA Qian, WU Xiao, QIAN Ke-feng, PENG Zhao, CAI Yi-zhong, YE Rong-jian

2022, 61(14):  11-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.002

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In this study, the data of rice quality characters of approved rice varieties in China from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the quality rate of the new national approved varieties has increased year by year, accounting for 74.2% and 79.4% in 2019 and 2020,respectively. The head rice percentage, grain length-width ratio, alkali spreading value and gel consistency of indica rice showed an upward trend with the annual change, while the chalkiness degree and amylose content decreased significantly with the annual change, and the change trend of rice quality characters of indica rice was better than that of japonica rice. Through data analysis on quality traits of 479 nationally approved indica hybrid rice varieties in 2020, it was concluded that the largest variation coefficient among 6 rice quality traits was chalkiness degree. At the same time, the analysis results of the high-quality rate and 6 rice quality traits of indica hybrid rice varieties bred by the top 20 backbone parental lines （male sterile line and restorer line） in 2020 will provide data reference for the breeding of new varieties in rice quality in the future.

Study on rice yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency under side deep fertilization

LU Yu, XU Nan-qing, DUAN Jian-she, ZHU Hong-ying, HONG Guo, LING Dong, ZHENG Dong-xiao, MAN Jian-guo

2022, 61(14):  19-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.003

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Clarifying the characteristics of rice yield, fertilizer absorption and utilization under mechanical side deep fertilization is important to further improve rice yield and resource utilization efficiency in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Field experiments were conducted in 2020, two fertilization methods were set, mechanical side deep fertilization （S） and conventional manual fertilization （C）, five fertilizer combination treatments were set, no fertilizer during the whole season as control （CK）, applied NPK （NPK）, only applied PK （PKN₀）, only applied NK （NKP₀） and only applied NP （NPK₀）. Compared with the traditional method, mechanical side deep fertilization could effectively improve the number of panicles per unit area and dry matter at maturity, then improve rice yield. The grain yield of NPK treatment was the highest, with an average of 7 342.1 kg/hm², followed by NP treatment, and the lowest was PK treatment. The dry matter of stem plus leaf, and grain from NPK treatment was the highest, followed by NP and NK treatments, PK treatment was the lowest. The nitrogen accumulation of rice plants under mechanical side deep fertilization was lower than traditional pattern, but the potassium accumulation was higher. There were no significant differences in phosphorus accumulation between them. However, the fertilizer agronomic efficiency （AE_F）, partial factor productivity （PFP_F）, and the nitrogen and phosphorus physiological utilization efficiency （PE_N, PE_P） were higher. The accumulation of nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the rice plant organ was NPK treatment > NP treatment > NK treatment > PK treatment. The AE_N, PE_N and PFP_N were the highest in NPK treatment. The phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency from treatment with nitrogen was higher than those treatments without nitrogen. Thus, mechanical side deep fertilization can effectively improve rice yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. It is an important fertilization pattern for large-scale, simplified, high-yield and high-efficient production of rice.

Regulation effects of plant growth regulator on stem characters and grain yield of winter wheat

SU Yu-huan, MA Yong-an, CHEN Dong-mei, LIU Qing-fang, LI Xiao-kang, LIU Bao-hua, WANG Wei, WANG Xue-xiang

2022, 61(14):  24-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.004

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The Hanmai 19 wheat variety widely popularized in the production of wheat in the northern Huanghuai region was used as the test material to study the regulation of stalk traits and grain yield in wheat by spraying plant growth regulators at different growth periods. The results showed that compared with the control, the plant growth regulator could significantly reduce the plant height, the height of the center of gravity and the length of the first and second internodes at the base of wheat, improve the mechanical strength of the second internode at the base, and reduce the lodging index. And the adjustment effect of thickness and diameter varied with the spray period and the type of chemical control agents. Among them, paclobutrazol could reduce the plant height by 6.4~12.3 cm, the height of the center of gravity could be reduced by 6.18%~18.12%, the mechanical strength could be increased by 5.66%~9.53%, and the first and second nodes at the base could be shortened by 1.98~2.93 cm and 0.66~1.03 cm respectively, the lodging index decreased by 15.03%~21.66%. Plant growth regulators could increase grain yield. Among them, spraying paclobutrazol at the rising stage had a significant effect of increasing yield, with a yield increase of 5.15%. The comprehensive analysis showed that spraying paclobutrazol during the stand-up period was the best treatment,which provided a scientific basis for the rational selection of chemical control agents for high-yield wheat.

Effects on different ratios of “NPK” on cassava variety GR5

LUO Yan-chun, CHEN Rui-rui, ZHOU Shi-yi, WEN Feng, LU Sai-qing, WEI Yun-dong, PAN Huan

2022, 61(14):  28-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.005

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A single factor randomized block experiment design was used to explore the suitable fertilization level of cassava variety GR5. The results showed that the plant height of cassava GR5 was significantly increased（P<0.01）,and the internode spacing of stem and leaf number were significantly increased（P<0.05）,and the yield and the starch content of fresh tuber root were significantly increased（P<0.01）under the ratio of 100-50-0 “NPK”treatment;100-50-0 was the best fertilization treatment for GR5; GR5 was a barren-tolerant variety that required less potassium fertilizer.

Resource & Environment

Analysis on temporal and spatial characteristics and causes of flood disasters in Guizhou Province in recent 54 years

ZHANG Yan-mei, GU Xiao-ping, GU Tian-hong, PENG Xing-de, WU Gu-hui, WU Jing

2022, 61(14):  31-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.006

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Based on the daily precipitation data of 84 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2014 in Guizhou, and the monthly average reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP, the temporal and spatial characteristics and circulation characteristics of flood disasters in recent 54 years in Guizhou Province were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial distribution of flood in Guizhou Province was significantly different, and it mainly occurred in the west and south of Guizhou Province. In the last 54 years, the number of floods at all levels had shown an increasing trend. The frequency of floods from the 1960s to the 1980s was relatively lower, and the number of floods had increased significantly since the 1990s and the 21st century. There were mainly periodic oscillations of 22, 12 and 8 years in flood. In mild flood years, the Ural mountain high ridge was stronger, the Western Pacific subtropical high was weaker to the east, and the East Asian trough was weaker, which was not conducive to the southward movement of cold air. In addition, the convergence of the upper layer and the divergence of the lower layer made it show sinking movement in the vertical field and less precipitation; in severe flood years, there were two troughs and one ridge. The subtropical high in the Western Pacific was stronger in the west, which was conducive to the flow transmission of warm and humid gas in the southwest. The large trough in East Asia was stronger, which was conducive to the meridional exchange of the atmosphere, the convergence of the lower layer and the strengthening of the upward movement of the divergence and convergence of the upper layer, resulting in flood disasters.

Research on the spatial structure of new urbanization based on fractal theory： Taking Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban agglomeration as an example

LI Xin-ran, HE Bing-yu, FAN Ying

2022, 61(14):  37-45.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.007

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Based on the relevant documents of national new urbanization, some published research results and the development characteristics of new urbanization in the research target area, the evaluation index system of new urbanization development was constructed. With the help of fractal theory and model, the information dimension, capacity and multifractal dimension spectrum of the new urbanization development of Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban agglomeration were calculated, and the spatial structure of the new urbanization development of Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban agglomeration was analyzed. The results showed that all cities and counties in the study area met the fractal requirements and had multifractal structure, among which, Urumqi City and Shihezi City as the core of the town groups appear similar development law. The spatial structure of the development level of the new urbanization in the study area was hierarchical and the evaluation index system used to analyze the spatial structure of the new urbanization development had strong operability. The spatial structure analysis conclusion of the new urbanization development in Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban agglomeration group was in good agreement with the status quo of the target area, indicating that the fractal theory had a high application value in the research of the new urbanization spatial structure.

Analysis of spatial classification and pattern evolution of three types of land space in arid area of northwest China

ZHANG Yun-xia, GAO Min-hua, ZHAO Juan

2022, 61(14):  46-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.008

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Based on the dominant function of land use, the spatial classification and distribution of three types of land space in Makit County, Xinjiang, were analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of the three types of land space in Makit County were analyzed from the spatio-temporal scale by single dynamic attitude index, Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient and landscape pattern index. The results showed that the agricultural space occupied the largest proportion of the county's land space, the area was increasing year by year, and the distribution was absolutely uniform. The landscape patch type was highly compact, the diversity was rich and the dominance was prominent. From 2009 to 2019, the urban space area increased by 3 times. With Maigaiti Town as the central urban area, it gathered and distributed, and each township was scattered. Gini coefficient decreased, and the centralized expansion of urban space promoted the distribution pattern to be balanced. The ecological space was transformed into urban space and agricultural space, and the area decreased year by year, while the landscape continuity and dominance decreased with the patch area decreased.

Temporal and spatial variation of ecological land use and landscape pattern evolution in the west bank of Pearl River Delta

YANG Nan, GONG Qi, LI Min-yu, LI Hui

2022, 61(14):  53-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.009

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Based on the five periods of land use and cover data from 1980 to 2018, the temporal and spatial changes and landscape pattern evolution of ecological land in the west bank of the Pearl River Delta were analyzed by using land use dynamic degree, land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. The results showed that the ecological land in the west bank of the Pearl River Delta was mainly woodland, water area and grassland. A large amount of construction land occupied ecological land, and ecological land showed a decreasing trend. On the whole, in the southeast and central parts, more ecological land was transferred out, while less was transferred in; in the northwest and south parts, less ecological land was transferred out and more was transferred in. Among them, the areas with the largest reduction of ecological land were concentrated in Guangzhou, Foshan and other central cities, and Foshan, Zhuhai and Zhongshan were the main water transfer areas, showing a decentralized pattern from more to less and from concentration to fragmentation. The landscape diversity and evenness of ecological land increased, the patch types tended to be diversified, and the spatial connectivity within the landscape decreased, showing a trend of reduction and fragmentation. The landscape fragmentation rate of ecological land slowed down from 2010 to 2018.

Analysis on the evolution of the compactness of the highland cities in Yunnan Province

CHEN Tao, ZHANG Yue, WANG Yu-ge, LI Zhi-ying

2022, 61(14):  61-67.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.010

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Based on the five dimensions of population, economy, land use, transportation, and ecological environment, a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban compactness was constructed. Based on the entropy weight method and the gray correlation model, the sub-index and comprehensive index model of urban compactness were constructed to measure the compactness values of 16 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province in 2008, 2013 and 2018 and analyzed its evolution. The results showed that the relationship between urban compactness and economic development level presented an inverted U-shaped curve. The overall level of urban compactnessin 16 prefectures and cities of Yunnan Province was relatively low, and the comprehensive level of urban compactness in most prefectures and cities was increasing, and the comprehensive level of urban compactness in some prefectures and cities did not change much, and the comprehensive level of urban compactness in a few prefectures and cities was decreasing gradually. The average compactness of population, economy, transportation and ecological environment in Yunnan Province increased to different degrees, while the compactness of land use decreased to a certain extent. The key factors restricting the level of urban compactness in Yunnan Province were economic compactness and land use compactness.

Effects of different planting years of maize on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in agro-pastoral ecotone

ZHANG Ai-ming, LIU Su-lan, YU Hong-xi, ZHU Jian-yu, XU Yu-mei

2022, 61(14):  74-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.012

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The soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were analyzed and compared in abandoned land and maize soil planted for 1, 5, 10 and 50 years in agro-pastoral ecotone in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in order to investigate the effects of maize planting years on soil nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients increased obviously with the increase of maize planting years. Soil organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients showed a significant or extremely significant positive correlation correlated with planting years. Soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents reached the highest level under 50 planting years. Therefore, in the process of maize planting management in this area, it was necessary to combine the change rule of each nutrient factor with years and the correlation among different nutrient factors, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing maize yield and environmental protection through soil fertilization and rational fertilizer cultivation.

Correlation between community structure of fouling microalgae and changes of pH and Eh in water of artificial culture of Caulerpa lentillifera

CHEN Jia-xiong, LI Wei-bin, HUANG Yi-shu, LIAO Xiao-shan, LIN Chuan-xu

2022, 61(14):  78-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.013

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In the process of culturing Caulerpa lentillifera, in order to explore the correlation between the pH and redox potential（Eh） of water body and the changes of fouling microalgae community, the acidimeter and redox potentiometer were installed in the culture pond, and 45 pieces of plastic hanging plates for microalgae adhesion test were placed at the seedling clamping plate for 90 days. Five plates were extracted every 10 days to analyze the microalgae population structure and record the pH and Eh in the same period. The results showed that 4 species belonging to 4 genera of Bacillariophyta and 4 species belonging to 4 genera of Cyanophyta were detected; the pH increased in the first 50 days, then stabilized in the last 40 days, and the Eh showed an upward trend in 90 days; in the early stage, the Diatom population was the dominant community when the pH and Eh were lower, and in the later stage, the Cyanobacteria population was the dominant community when the pH was higher. pH and Eh were significantly correlated with the population structure of fouling microalgae, positively correlated with Cyanobacteria population, and negatively correlated with Diatom population.

Study on the migration and transformation of Cd in soil-vegetable system under the application of vermicompost based on composite inhibitor

LI Zhen-zhen, SHEN Xu-yang, WANG Yi-fan, HUANG Ling-ling, WANG Feng, MIAO Li-juan, ZHU Wei-qin

2022, 61(14):  82-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.014

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In order to explore a new resource utilization way of vermicompost and mussel shell and effectively control heavy metal pollution in farmland, using pure vermicompost （V） as matrix material, the vermicompost-based composite inhibitor was prepared by adding pure mussel shell powder （S） and modified shell powder （SC）. Then the vermicompost-based composite inhibitor was applied to the Cd contaminated soil planted with amaranth, aiming to study the effects of V and its composite inhibitors on the plant growth and Cd content in amaranth as well as Cd transformation in soils. The results showed that the application of V and its composite inhibitors could promote the growth of amaranth and reduce the Cd content in its edible parts and roots, with much better effects being found after the application of vermicompost based composite inhibitors. Both V and its composite inhibitors could reduce the content of available Cd in soil and its bioavailability coefficient, and the vermicompost based composite inhibitor at the level of 10% had much better reduction effects, but no obvious changes were found for Cd speciation after V and its composite inhibitors application.

Improvement of soil adsorption performance of green space by plants

WANG Chen-guang, WANG Xu-dong

2022, 61(14):  86-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.015

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In order to explore the influence of plants on the adsorption performance of green space soil pollutants, green space soil with four properties was selected. And four plants of Hemerocallis fulva L., Iris Tectorum Maxim., Hydrangea macrophylla （Thunb.） Ser., and Oxalis corniculata L. were cultivated, and the adsorption capacity of soil to N, P and COD（chemical oxygen demand） was analyzed in different green space after cultivation. The results showed that plants could significantly improve the adsorption capacity of soil to N, P and COD. The contribution rate of plants to the adsorption capacity of N, P and COD were 33.12%, 10.45% and 17.63%, respectively. There was an obvious interaction between plant and soil properties on the adsorption of pollutants. The relatively good ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD adsorption capacity was soil mixed with sand and biochar （volume ratio of 4:4:2） and 1% PAM and Hemerocallis fulva, soil mixed with sand and coir （volume ratio of 4:4:2） and 1% PAM and Hydrangea macrophlla, soil mixed with sand and coir （volume ratio of 4:4:2） and 1% PAM and Oxalis corniculata L., respectively.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Isolation and characterization of lactic acid-producing bacteria from naturally fermented silages and vegetables

DONG Ke, LI Xia, WEI Zhen-wu, ZHU Dao-chen, JIANG Jian-xiong

2022, 61(14):  92-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.016

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The lactic acid producing bacteria were isolated from the naturally fermented silages of Broussonetia papyrifera leaves and whole-crop oat as well as from the traditional fermented and salted vegetables, and their growth and acid-producing characteristics were unveiled to study their effects on fermentation quality of corn stalk silage. Single clones of acid-producing bacteria were obtained through plate streaking method and their taxa were identified based on 16S rDNA sequences. Growth curves and pH tolerance abilities of bacteria were studied using spectrophotometric method, and acid-producing curves of bacteria were measured with a portable pH meter. The organic acid kinds and concentrations produced by bacteria were determined using HPLC. Drying method for determination of DM, Kjeldahl method for determination of CP, paradigm method for determination of CF, ADF and ADL, anthrone colorimetry for determination of WSC, ashing method for determination of Ash. Results showed that a total of 96 strains were isolated and identified, including 6 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, 6 strains of Lactobacillus brevis, 27 strains of Lactobacillus curvatus, 35 strains of Lactobacillus buchneri, 1 strain of Staphylococcus cohnii, 1 strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus, 19 strains of Bacillus sp., and 1 strain of Enterococcus sp. Among them, L. curvatus G3, L. plantarum G17 and Y17, L. brevis Y4, L. buchneri PC-C1, and Bacillus YC1-1-4 possessed a higher growth rate as well as organic acid producing rate. L. plantarum had the highest tolerant ability to initial low pH in culture medium, followed by L. buchneri, L. brevis, and P. pentosaceus, and the lowest was L. curvatus. HPLC analysis indicated that the strains of G3, G17, Y4, YC1-1-4, PC-C1, YC2-6, and G18 produced the highest yield of beneficial organic acids including lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid. These acid-producing bacteria were used for producing corn stalk silage, in which the content of crude protein was significantly increased and the contents of acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin were reduced.

Comparative study on limb bones of four common rodents in Mudanjiang City

WAN Xiang-xu, YANG Wen-jian, ZHOU Si-yu, SU Hang, JIANG Xin, DONG Shi-peng, JIN Zhi-min

2022, 61(14):  102-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.017

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in limb bones of rodents with different living habits,in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province. The limb bone strength, weight percentage and dynamic arm coefficient of Apodemus peninsulae and Myodes rufocanus in forest ecosystem, Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius in farmland ecosystem were measured and calculated. Results showed that the average values of ulnar, radius and femur of Microtus fortis, the average value of humerus of Myodes rufocanus and the average values of tibia and fibula of Apodemus agrarius were higher than the corresponding bones of the other three species. In the weight percentage of limb bone, the proportion of hind limb bone was larger than that of forelimb bone in two habitats, which was in line with the optimization design principle of limb bone of mice that were good at running and jumping in forestry and agricultural areas. The dynamic arm coefficient showed that the burrowing rodents, Microtus fortis and Apodemus agrarius, had stronger digging ability than the ground dwelling rodents,such as Myodes rufocanus and Apodemus peninsulae, which reflected the adaptive changes of rodents to different skeletons of habitats and habits.

A case of diagnosis and treatment of goat contagious pleuropneumonia mixed with colibacillosis

MA Yu-yi, LI Peng-ju, PAN Yan

2022, 61(14):  105-107.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.018

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Bacteriological and molecular biological methods were used for the diagnosis of tissue samples from a goat farm in Guangxi in March 2021. The isolated strain was identified as Escherichia coli by morphology, and Mycoplasma pneumonia ovine positive was identified by PCR amplification. Drug sensitivity analysis was performed on the isolated pathogenic bacteria. The drug susceptibility test showed that the bacterium was highly sensitive to cephalexin,cefoxitin,ceftriaxone sodium,ofloxacin,ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, norfloxacin, and cotrimoxazole. According to the test results,this disease was caused by the mixed infection of goat contagious pleuropneumonia and colibacillosis.

Storage & Processing

Effect of different mechanical control methods and storage floors on the maintenance of flue-curd tobacco

ZHENG Hao, ZHAO Bao-liang, DENG Dan, GUO Xue-wei

2022, 61(14):  108-112.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.019

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The representative alcoholization storehouses of Wuhan Ledao Logistics Co., Ltd. in Hubei Province was selected, and the changes in ambient temperature and humidity on different floors （the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th floor） were analyzed. Then the effects of three mechanical control methods （whole storehouse dehumidification, once a week sealed stack dehumidification, once two weeks sealed stack dehumidification） on the relative moisture content, chemical composition, sensory quality of flue-curd tobacco on different floors during the aging process were analyzed. Finally, the energy consumption of the three methods was analyzed. The results showed that the box core temperature on the 4th floor was 0.91~2.18 ℃ higher than that on the 1st~3rd floor in high temperature months; the decrease of pH was 0.29%~0.91% higher than that on the 1st~3rd floor; the aroma quality was significantly better than that on the 1st~3rd floor; the aroma quaneity, pungent taste and aftertaste were better than those on the 1st~3rd floor. The three methods had no significant effect on the relative moisture content, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-curd tobacco, but the sealed stack dehumidification could better maintain the stability and consistency of relative humidity in stacks on each floor. The energy consumption and workload of once two weeks sealed stack dehumidification were the lowest. Consequently, it was the optimal mechanical control method.

Response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum flavonoids

CHEN Fang, WEN Yan, JIANG Xiao-fan

2022, 61(14):  113-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.020

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The experiment used response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ganoderma lucidum. The effects of four factors, including ethanol concentration, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio, and ultrasonic power, on the extraction yield of flavonoids in Ganoderma lucidum were investigated. Using flavonoids rate as the response value, the Box-Behnken center design developed mathematical model for response surface analysis. The results showed that the optimal extraction process parameters of Ganoderma lucidum flavonoids were ethanol concentration of 86%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 （g/mL）, extraction power of 185 W, and extraction time of 30 min. The mathematical model established under these conditions was verified by the test. The actual extraction yield of Ganoderma lucidum flavonoids was 7.55%. The error with the predicted value of 7.62% was less than 3%, thus confirming that the flavonoids extraction process parameters obtained with Design-Expert 8.0.6 software were real and reliable, and had practical application value.

Process optimization and efficacy evaluation of quercetin sugar substitute yogurt

LI Yao-lu, CHEN Xiao-fang, LI Guo-kun, DING Jing-hua, SU Li-jie, CHEN Xiao-yi

2022, 61(14):  119-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.021

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With skim milk powder, compound functional sugar substitutes, quercetin, starter and gelatin as the main raw materials, the best formula of quercetin sugar substitute yogurt and its efficacy evaluation were explored. The results showed that the best process formula was milk powder addition of 18%, sugar substitute addition of 7%, fermentation time of 10 h, and starter addition of 0.10%. The combination of quercetin and sugar substitute could increase the total number of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt, promote the proliferation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, inhibit the proliferation of enterobacteria and enterococci, and have a better taste than commercial yogurt, which provided a reference basis for the production of dairy products and functional foods with low blood glucose load.

Study on the processing technology of pork sausage with tremella and red dates based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

FAN Jin-shan, CAO Zheng, HUANG Xiao-zhong, XIE Chun-qin, CAO Miao, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Cen

2022, 61(14):  124-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.022

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Taking tremella, red dates and pork as the main raw materials, the amount of tremella and red dates powder, corn starch and ice water were selected as single factors to study the effect on the quality and sensory evaluation of pork sausage with tremella and red dates. The best formula was obtained by the using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and processing optimization through response surface methodology. The results showed that the best processing condition was the amount of tremella and red dates powder of 9%, corn starch of 7%, and ice water of 25%. According to this formula, the product presented pink intestines and had a unique flavor of tremella and red dates, with compact texture, elasticity, smooth slices, moderate saltiness, and qualified microbial indicators.

Study on processing technology and the biological activity of the Stigma maydis-Gynostemma pentaphyllum （Thunb.） Makino compound beverage

LIU Xia, MA Ze-gang, MA Lin

2022, 61(14):  131-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.023

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The processing technology of the compound beverage using Stigma maydis and Gynostemma pentaphyllum （Thunb.） Makino as raw material was studied. The optimum formulation of compound beverage was obtained with the orthogonal design, and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the beverage were evaluated. The results showed that the optimum technological formula of Stigma maydis-Gynostemma pentaphyllum （Thunb.） Makino beverage was Stigma maydis-Gynostemma pentaphyllum（Thunb.） Makino（1:1） extracts 5 g, xanthan gum and carrageenan mixture（1:1） 0.08%, citric acid 0.12%, sugar 14%. The sensory score of beverage prepared under this condition was 90.3. The optimum formula of Stigma maydis-Gynostemma pentaphyllum （Thunb.） Makino extracts in compound beverage could effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, but had a certain inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella enteritidis. Different concentrations of extracts in compound beverage had obvious scavenging effects on DPPH·free radical, hydroxyl free radical （·OH） and superoxide anion free radical.

Effect of solar drying wind speed on the quality of Hami melon slices

GUO Xue-xia, ZHANG Zi-he, LIU Yu, RAN Guo-wei, GUO Hai-feng, WANG Hai

2022, 61(14):  136-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.024

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In order to find out the effect of different solar drying wind speed on the quality of Hami melon slices, the drying time, drying rate, water activity, texture, color, aroma component and energy consumption of Hami melon slices were studied under 1, 2, 3 and 4 m/s wind speed. The results showed that the drying time of Hami melon slices was shortened with the increase of wind speed, the drying process was only in the deceleration stage, and the water activity was decreased with the increase of wind speed. The hardness, adhesion, elasticity and chewability of Hami melon slices were positively correlated with wind speed, and the L * value of Hami melon slices' color taster increased with the increase of wind speed, and there was a significant difference between 1 m/s and 2,4 m/s （P<0.05）. There were 176 kinds of aroma components in Hami melon slices, and the four kinds of substances with the highest relative content were alcohol, ketone, aldehyde and ester. The energy consumption of drying increased with the increase of wind speed, and the difference among the groups was significant （P<0.05）, but the influence of different wind speed on the total energy consumption of drying was not significant. The quality of Hami melon slices was better than other wind speed under the solar drying wind speed of 2~4 m/s, which was more suitable for the drying of Hami melon slices.

Agricultural Engineering

Solar greenhouse vegetable growing technology in northern Shaanxi

WU Jia-bo, ZHANG Xiang, HUANG Tian-ping, TIAN Yan

2022, 61(14):  141-144.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.025

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Further improvement was expected to be achieved of the application effect and actual benefits of solar greenhouse vegetable growing in northern Shaanxi. Through the solar greenhouse vegetable growing experimental area in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone, the solar greenhouse vegetable growing mode and experience were analyzed to be applied to the solar greenhouse vegetable growing in northern Shaanxi. In view of the realistic situation of the solar greenhouse vegetable growing in northern Shaanxi, the solar greenhouse improvement scheme was proposed, as well as the southward single slope conjoined solar greenhouse improvement scheme. The investigation was conducted on concrete contents and application effects of the two schemes. The solar greenhouse improvement scheme focused on the ventilation system and greenhouse structure, which was proved to run well. After the ventilation transformation, the cost of each greenhouse increased by about 1 000 yuan, and the total cost of a greenhouse in northern Shaanxi was 28 000 yuan. The southward single slope conjoined solar greenhouse improved the heat absorption capacity, realized large-scale mechanical operation, and increased the land utilization rate. Both schemes had superior practical application effects and could be popularized in northern Shaanxi.

Dynamic analysis of lifting structure of orchard operating platform based on ANSYS

LIU Shu-guang, LIAN Zheng-guo, WANG Jia-sheng, WANG Dong-wei, CHEN Yu-jun, YIN Bao-quan, ZHU Ze-liang

2022, 61(14):  145-149.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.026

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It was difficult to obtain the load during lifting of the orchard operating platform, which made it difficult to design the structure. The lifting structure main core structure of the orchard operating platform, was taken as the research object. Dynamic analysis was held around lifting process of the operating platform based on Rigid Dynamics modules of ANSYS Workbench19.2. There were 18 connection pairs between 9 components, including the operating platform, the lifting rod, the frame, the slider between the frame and the lifting rod, the slider between the frame and the lifting rod, the hydraulic oil cylinder and so on. Weight of the lifting structure of the operating platform and maximum pressure of operators and picking objects were set up as actual load of the lifting structure of the operating platform. 3 motion conditions, according to the motion speed at 0.006, 0.008 and 0.012 m/s of piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder relative to cylinder block of hydraulic oil cylinder, were set up. Lifting process of the lifting structure of the operating platform was simulated. Translation speed of the operating platform, translation acceleration of the operating platform, force of each connection pair and thrust of the hydraulic oil cylinder with time were obtained, which made supporting power, material and structure of the orchard operating platform more reasonable, and provided reference for further optimizing the structure of the orchard operating platform and more suitable production.

Construction and analysis of the prediction model of air-and-screen cleaning unit

LI Shu-bing, LI Qing-hua, WANG Cheng

2022, 61(14):  150-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.027

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The operating parameters of crank speed, centrifugal fan speed and cross flow fan speed were adjusted. Using BP neural network to constructa prediction model, it could realize the reverse prediction from impurity content, loss rate and power consumption to crank speed, centrifugal fan speed and cross flow fan speed. This prediction model could effectively solve the complex operation problem of parameter matching when using traditional analysis methods in the test. It provided a basis for parameter matching and optimization design of the air-and-screen cleaning unit's key components.

Information Engineering

Quantitative analysis of tobacco texture based on random forest

LI Jia-kang, TAO Zhi-lin, XU Bo, XU Da-yong, DU Jin-song, LI Hua-jie

2022, 61(14):  155-158.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.028

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Tobacco leaf texture was different from tobacco leaf color and shape, it was more difficult to define and quantitatively analyze. Initially, it was concluded that tobacco leaf texture was related to the laxity of tobacco leaf surface tissue as well as folds and oil contents. The digital images of fresh tobacco leaves were obtained through an image acquisition system and texture features were extracted by the greyscale co-generation matrix （GLCM） algorithm and Gabor transformation. 112 dimensions of texture information were obtained with different gradient parameter settings, and the five to ten dimensions with the highest interpretation rate were obtained after principal element reduction and random forest classification as quantitative indicators of tobacco texture.

Evaluation of service quality of agricultural service platform based on SERVQUAL model：Taking Shouguang City agricultural information service platform as an example

QI He-lin, MA De-xin

2022, 61(14):  159-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.029

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Based on SERVQUAL model, taking Shouguang agricultural information service platform as the research object, combined with users' service quality evaluation of the platform, the difference between perceived service quality and expected service quality was studied through questionnaire survey and data analysis. The results showed that there was a great difference between expected service quality and perceived service quality. The maximum difference was -2.26, and the minimum difference was -1.86. It showed that the users of Shouguang agricultural information service platform did not evaluate the service experience of the platform highly, and the platform needed to be optimized. Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the research results.

Design and implementation of farmland environment monitoring system based on NB-IoT

LEI Juan

2022, 61(14):  165-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.030

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Farmland environmental information is an important basis for formulating farmland management strategies. In order to collect farmland environmental information in real time and stably, this paper designed and developed a remote monitoring system for farmland environmental information based on NB-IoT combining the advantages of NB-IoT. The system used STM32F103RCT6 MCU and sensor terminal to collect real-time farmland environmental data such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, soil humidity, etc., and transmitited the collected data to the OneNET platform-based farmland environmental monitoring cloud platform through NB IoT network. Users can access the farmland environmental monitoring cloud platform through the farmland environmental monitoring App or PC to obtain the farmland environmental monitoring data. The system test results showed that the system could obtain real-time farmland environment information, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, soil humidity, etc. The temperature control accuracy was kept at a high level of ±0.2 ℃, and the relative error was 0.57%. The humidity control accuracy was kept at ±2% RH, and the relative error was 1.66%. The accuracy of light intensity control was kept at ±63 lx, and the relative error was 0.24%. The control accuracy of carbon dioxide concentration was kept at ±45.46 μmol/L, and the relative error was 0.34%. The accuracy of soil moisture control was kept at ±2%, and the relative error was 1.44%. The system has stable operation, real-time and accurate data transmission, practical function, and simple operation, and can be deployed on a large scale, which provides an effective reference for agricultural monitoring and internet of things application research.

Study on the visual distribution of tomato leaf chlorophyll content based on hyperspectral imaging technology

MENG Lu, ZHANG Jie, YANG Tian, WU Long-guo

2022, 61(14):  171-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.031

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Due to the time and energy consumption of traditional detection methods, a portable hyperspectral imager was used to rapidly nondestructive detection of chlorophyll content in tomato leaves under briny water irrigation. By collecting images of canopy leaves under different processing conditions, the spectral data of the leaves were extracted by the analysis software, and the outliers removal, preprocessing, characteristic wavelength extraction, model construction and visual distribution research were carried out. The results showed that the outlier elimination optimized the model and the original spectrum for data analysis. PLSR（Partial least squares regression） method was used to model the characteristic wavelength extracted by different methods and optimize the characteristic wavelength extracted by SPA. On this basis, the MLR（Multiple linear regression）, PCR（Principal component regression）, PLSR, SVR（Support vector machine regression）, and ANN（Artificial neural network） models were used to model the characteristic wavelengths extracted by SPA, and the different modeling effects were compared and analyzed. The MLR, PCR, and PLSR models were preferably selected. The optimal characteristic wavelengths were 392、465、686 and 760 nm, the prediction correlation coefficient of the optimal model was 0.896, and the prediction root-mean-square error was 1.111. Finally, the PLSR model was optimized to predict the chlorophyll content of tomato by visualizing three linear models. The optimized characteristic bands can be used to quantitatively and visually analyze the chlorophyll content of tomato leaves in the future.

Research on crop prediction model based on neuralnet artificial neural network

KUANG Yi-xiao

2022, 61(14):  178-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.032

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The improved neural network model with more stable precision and visualization was used to predict the grain yield. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the measured value of grain yield was 0.991 039 8, the relative error was 0.006 339 629, and the average error of 10 cross tests was 0.001 229 604. The results showed that the relative error between the predicted value and the measured value was small, and the fitting effect was close to a straight line. The relative error was 3.9% and 1.1% higher than that of spss multi-layer perceptron and nnet packet respectively. The results showed that the neural network prediction model had good prediction and feasibility. It can be used as a new technology to balance the utilization and distribution of crops, and promote the continuous growth of agricultural products economy and the sustainable development of the agricultural industry.

Research on construction methods of digital village

WEI Bing-qing, QU Ang, LI Ai-fang, CHEN Xiao-feng

2022, 61(14):  183-187.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.033

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With the progress of the times and the increasing demand of rural development, it is the key to realizing the rural modernization to explore the digital rural development path which is more in line with the national conditions and more efficient. This paper summarized the digital development course and status quo of rural construction, targeted the shortcomings of China's digital rural construction work in the capital, talent, rural e-commerce development path choice, balance of regional agricultural industry development and other aspects, and summarized the thoughts and advanced experience of China's digital rural construction path from five aspects which included the information infrastructure, digital finance, digital rural governance, poverty alleviation, and the integration of digital technology and industry. Based on the current situation of China's digital rural construction,the path of digital rural construction was conceived and summarized, which provided a basis for the exploration and optimization of digital rural construction path and digital rural construction with regional characteristics.

Research on site selection of urban and rural logistics nodes considering efficiency and equity under the background of rural revitalization——A case study of Jiaohe City in Jilin Province

XIAO Jing, LIU Zi-yu

2022, 61(14):  188-195.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.034

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In this paper, firstly, combining the characteristics of urban and rural logistics demand and supply, the difference between urban and rural logistics demand was described by the service satisfaction function, and the location model of multi-type logistics nodes under the efficiency and equity objectives of different subjects was constructed by combining the queuing theory, and the tabu search algorithm was designed to solve the problem. Secondly, considering the two-way flow characteristics of industrial products and agricultural products in urban and rural logistics activities, a two-level planning model with government as the upper layer and enterprise as the lower layer was established, and a genetic algorithm was designed to solve the problem. Finally, taking the construction of the urban and rural distribution network in Jiaohe city, Jilin Province as an example, this paper discussed the location of urban and rural logistics nodes with both efficiency and fairness. The research found that in the context of rural revitalization, the location selection based on the current situation of the imbalance of urban and rural logistics resources should take into account efficiency and fairness, and rationally allocate urban and rural logistics resources. This paper discussed the selecting strategies of urban and rural logistics nodes from a dual perspective, and provided valuable reference for enterprises and governments to allocate urban and rural logistics resources and make policies.

Economy & Management

Empirical analysis of the promotion path and spatial-temporal evolution of agricultural competitiveness in Weifang City based on GPCA

LI Wan-bin, GUO Jin-yu, HUANG Yu, CUI Mao-sen

2022, 61(14):  196-202.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.035

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In order to break through the bottleneck of agricultural development in recent years in Weifang City, Shandong Province, and provide reference for the agricultural development of other similar cities, based on the panel data of 11 counties and cities in Weifang City from 2012 to 2020, this paper made an empirical analysis by using the method of global principal component analysis （GPCA）, and explored the spatial-temporal evolution by using ArcGIS spatial analysis technology. The results showed that the overall agricultural competitiveness of Weifang City showed a steady upward trend. The layout was divided into Weibei district, Weinan district and Weizhong district according to the score from high to low. The competitiveness gradually presented a north-south echo pattern of high on both sides and low in the middle. Agricultural benefits and resource support, agricultural investment and structure, agricultural sustainable development, the main body of agricultural management and agricultural risk management jointly promoted the evolution of the temporal and spatial pattern of counties and cities. Efforts should be made from strengthening resource support, improving chemical investment, strengthening risk management and moving forward in a regional group, in order to give suggestions for improving the agricultural competitiveness of Weifang City.

Research on coupling and coordinated development of urban industry-population-spatial carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province

CAI Yun-chao, QIAO-Biao, HOU Lan-gong, HE Xiao-qin

2022, 61(14):  203-210.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.036

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Based on the data from 2008 to 2018 in Shaanxi Province, the index system of industry, population and spatial carrying capacity was constructed, and the comprehensive development level and coupling coordination degree of each city in Shaanxi Province were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that from 2008 to 2018, the level of urban industry development in Shaanxi Province decreased in fluctuation, the level of population development changed little, and the level of spatial carrying capacity developed steadily. However, the coupling coordination degree of urban industry-population-space carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province during 2008—2018 was divided into two types of forced coupling and intermediate coupling. On the whole, the coupling coordination level was developing to good coordination, but the degree of advanced coupling coordination was not reached. In space, the development structure with Xi'an city as the center and each city close to it was basically maintained, and the development level gap between cities was narrowed and developed to a good level. Because of the irrationality of the development of the industry system, the development level of the industry system was lower than that of the population and the spatial carrying capacity system, and the synergy of the development of the industry, population and spatial carrying capacity system was not strong, thus affecting the overall development of each city and Shaanxi Province.

Influence mechanism of residents' livable satisfaction in Urumqi based on the geographical detector

ZHANG Wen-qi, WANG Yao, CAO Yue-e

2022, 61(14):  211-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.037

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Taking the residents of Urumqi as the research object, through the questionnaire survey to obtain relevant data information, using the factor analysis method to extract the main perception factor of residents' livable satisfaction in Urumqi, and with the aid of the geographical probe method, from the two perspectives of livable perception factors and residents' personal attributes, the characteristics and influence mechanism of livable satisfaction of residents in Urumqi were revealed. The results showed that the factors affecting livability satisfaction in Urumqi according to the explanatory power of factors were urban traffic factor, living facilities factor, natural environment factor, water pollution factor, human environment factor, medical condition factor and air pollution factor. Livability satisfaction was influenced by both livable perception factors and residents' personal attributes, but the explanatory power of livable perception factors was obviously stronger than that of residents' personal attributes. Urban traffic factors, living facilities factors and human environment factors became the internal driving forces that affected livable satisfaction.

The development of agricultural production capacity cooperation under the influence of cross-border e-commerce policy in China

WANG Pei

2022, 61(14):  219-222.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.038

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In the context of Chinese cross-border e-commerce policy, the relevant theoretical and methodological basis were introduced, such as international industrial transfer theory, and data envelopment analysis （DEA）. Through the relevant theoretical research, ultra-efficiency data envelope method model and Tobit regression model were established to analyze the influencing factors of economic development, resources and environment, regional construction and political situation.The results showed that economic development did not bring positive feedback to agricultural production capacity cooperation; resources and environment, infrastructure construction in regional construction, and good political situation would positively affect the development efficiency.

Analysis on influencing factors of standardized operation of farmers' professional cooperatives based on grounded theory

LYU Shuai-shuai, QIAN Miao

2022, 61(14):  223-228.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.039

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Based on 106 original documents on the influencing factors and path selection of the standardized operation of farmers' professional cooperatives in China, the factors affecting the standardized operation of farmers' professional cooperatives in China were systematically summarized by using the qualitative research method of grounded theory. Through the three-level coding process of open coding, spindle coding and selective coding, 86 initial concepts, 15 initial categories, 4 main categories and 2 core categories were obtained. The results showed that the standardized operation of farmers' professional cooperatives in China was jointly affected by two core categories of internal factors and external factors. Finally, according to the coding process, the results were analyzed and a conclusion was drawn, and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to promote the standardized operation of cooperatives from two levels.

Research on reform countermeasures of professional title evaluation of natural science research series in Hubei Province

LIU Qiao, HUANG Xiang-yu, WU De-sheng, LIU Gan-cheng

2022, 61(14):  229-232.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.040

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Based on the in-depth analysis of the current new trend of professional title evaluation of natural science research series in China, the general situation of Hubei Province from 2019 to 2021 was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the top-level design of evaluation policy should be further strengthened, the flexible and effective evaluation mechanism should be established, the initiative of non-public enterprises should be fully mobilized, and the evaluation mechanism should be gradually improved. These are the key tasks to deepen the professional title evaluation of natural science research series in Hubei Province.

Strategic thinking on promoting the integration of Huanggang agriculture into the urbanization development of Wuhan and Huanggang

TAO Wen-bin

2022, 61(14):  233-236.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.041

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Based on the strategic needs of the urbanization development of Wuhan metropolitan area, this paper discussed how to promote the integration of Huanggang agriculture into Wuhan urbanization development under the background of Huanggang-Wuhan urbanization development. This paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Huanggang's deep integration of agriculture into Wuhan, explored the integration development path, analyzed the innovation of system and mechanism, and then provided reference for the comprehensive and deep integration of Huanggang City into the development of Wuhan metropolitan area.

Rural Revitalization

Research on the rural governance difficulties of rural migrant communities under the background of rural revitalization——Taking village S as an example

WU Bo

2022, 61(14):  237-241.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.042

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Rural revitalization strategy was an effective way to solve the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and effective rural governance was a prominent work of rural revitalization. Rural immigrant community was a special rural community, and the rural governance work in this area faced many difficulties. Taking village S as an example, the rural governance situation of village S was explored through the observation method and in-depth interview method. The results showed that based on the particularity of the governance environment and the complexity of the governance subject, there were difficulties of chaotic rural governance system, lack of rural governance subjects, weak rural governance team, stigmatization and low rural governance literacy in the rural governance of rural immigrant communities. In order to solve the rural governance dilemma of rural immigrant community, improve the party construction and organization, improve the rural governance system, increase the rural governance subject, explore the resources, improve the participation mechanism, build civilized countryside, decontamination rural governance personnel, strengthen education and training, and improve the rural governance literacy.

Research on the qualification right of homestead land from the perspective of farmers' property rights

HONG Pei-yun

2022, 61(14):  242-247.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.043

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Protecting farmers' property rights is the proper meaning of the “separation of the three rights” of homestead land. As a usufructuary right, the right to use homestead land is directly related to the realization of farmers' property rights. An analysis of the generation, content and protection of rights of the homestead qualification right shows that the homestead qualification right is divided into the ownership of the homestead land, rather than the right to use the homestead. The right to homestead qualification is the concrete embodiment of the farmers' collective membership rights in the homestead system, and its self-beneficial rights and common benefit rights directly and indirectly protect the property rights of farmers. The right to homestead qualification does not need to copy the legislative model of the right to use homestead land, but the right to qualification for homestead land should be protected from the aspects of clarifying the subject and its acquisition criteria, withdrawal mechanism and rights confirmation registration, and attaching importance to the litigation rights of the right subject. The right to qualify for homestead land provides a stable guarantee for the realization of farmers' property rights and the revitalization of homestead land.

Study on rural ecological environment network governance under the background of rural revitalization

SUN Le-qin

2022, 61(14):  248-252.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.044

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In view of the current phenomenon that the traditional single subject could not effectively deal with the complexity and integrity of rural ecological environment governance, the problems faced in rural ecological environment governance was analyzed by using the network governance theory. It was found that there were many difficulties, such as the alienation of subject objectives, unreasonable power and responsibility structure, asymmetric information between subjects, imperfect governance guarantee mechanism, and so on. This paper also explored the network governance path of rural ecological environment from four aspects of clarifying governance objectives, coordinating multiple subjects, building an information sharing platform and improving governance guarantee mechanism.

Historical evolution and realistic road of urban-rural integration in China： Analysis of urban-rural relations from the perspective of Marxist economic history

HU Lin, DONG Peng-fei, HOU Guan-yu

2022, 61(14):  253-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.14.045

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Based on the Marxist theory of urban-rural relations, combined with the evolution context and practical barriers of China's urban-rural relations, the specific path of China's urban-rural integration was explored. The research shows that the realization of urban-rural integration should be made in five aspects of economy, space, infrastructure, ecological environment and public services. Specifically, the first is to optimize the industrial spatial layout; second, establish and improve the urban and rural population migration system and land transfer system; third, strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure; fourth, establish and improve the urban-rural integrated social security system; fifth, realize the transformation and upgrading of rural industries.