HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research on the contribution of bees pollination to the yield of Wanzhi 16 sesame

LIU Yan, XIE Fu-xin, WANG Fei-xue, ZHANG Wen-jing, MA Wen-cai

2022, 61(12): 5-7. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.001

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In order to explore the effects of bee pollination on the breeding, isolation,purification and seed production of Wanzhi 16,the effect of bee pollination on the yield of Wanzhi 16 was studied. The results showed that the contribution rate of bees to the yield of sesame seeds was 5.55%, to the number of effective capsules per plant was 21.70%, to the number of grains per capsule was 5.01%, to the thousand-grain weight was 5.85%, and to the yield per plant was 3.88%,which provided a theoretical basis for the formulation of standardized seed production of Wanzhi 16.

Effects of microplastics, fomesafen and their combination on the growth of maize seedlings

CUI Ning, GUO Zhan-bin, LIU Jing

2022, 61(12): 8-12. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.002

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In this study, maize was selected as the research object to explore the effects of single pollution and combined pollution of polyvinyl chloride microplastic（PVC） and fluorosulfen on the growth characteristics of maize seedlings. The results showed that,in the single PVC treatment group, the low concentration of PVC（540 mg/kg） had no significant effect on the plant height and root length of maize seedlings; but the plant height and root length of maize seedlings treated with middle concentration PVC（1 620、2 700 mg/kg） were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the plant height and root length of maize seedlings treated with high concentration PVC（5 400 mg/kg） were significantly different from those of the control group. In the single treatment exposure group, the plant height and root length of maize decreased significantly with the increase of fomesafen concentration. In the combined pollution group, compared with the single pollutant stress, the combined effect of PVC and fomesafen on the growth of maize seedlings showed a synergistic effect, and the combined group had a greater inhibitory effect on the growth of maize seedlings. Single PVC had no significant effect on the chlorophyll a content of maize in the experimental concentration range, but single fomesafen could significantly reduce the chlorophyll content. There was no significant difference in corn chlorophyll content between the combined pollution group and the single pesticide group. The results can provide a reference for ecological risk assessment and rational use of plastic film in the field.

Study on preparation and performance of microcapsule of facultative oligotrophic bacteria for water purification

QIU Jin-ming, LIU Zhe, WU Jia-jia, XUE Chen-jie, LIU Xue-mei

2022, 61(12): 13-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.003

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Three kinds of oligotrophic bacteria screened were used as strains to prepare microcapsules by exogenous emulsification method. The results showed that the particle size of the microcapsule was concentrated between 105 μm and 240 μm. After microencapsulation, the biologics significantly improved the acid and alkaline resistance and stability, and the TOC degradation rate reached 61.21% in 7 days, which could be safely and effectively used in the field of advanced treatment of the water supply system.

Research on ecological zoning of Luoyang city based on functionality and sensitivity

LIANG Jing-yi, WU Bai-qing

2022, 61(12): 16-22. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.004

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Taking Luoyang city, Henan Province as the research area, four indicators including water conservation, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, and windbreak and sand fixation were selected to evaluate the importance of ecosystem services. Three indicators of soil erosion, land desertification, and rocky desertification were selected for ecological sensitivity evaluation. Using GIS technology, the spatial distribution of each single factor was firstly analyzed, and then the spatial distribution of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity was obtained by superposition and synthesis. Finally on the basis of regional dominant function combined with the current situation of ecological zoning, the region was divided into 6 areas, including water conservation, soil and water conservation and biodiversity maintenance important area, soil erosion prevention and control area, rocky desertification control area, land desertification control area, urban ecological control area and ecological restoration area. The corresponding ecological protection suggestions were put forward according to the different characteristics of each region.

Investigation and analysis on structure changes of plankton community in Tangxun lake

CAO Peng-yang, LI Li-xue, GUO Biao-hui, ZHEN Hong-yan, ZHANG Yan, HAN Xiao-fang

2022, 61(12): 23-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.005

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In order to grasp the ecological status of Tangxun Lake in Wuhan City to identify major ecological problems, 9 points were set up in Tangxun lake area in 2019, the structure changes of plankton community and water quality were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that in the total composition of phytoplankton community in Tangxun Lake water body, a total of 34 species of algae were identified, including 8 species of Diatomaceae, 7 species of Cyanophyta,14 species of Chlorophyta, 2 species of Cryptophyta, 3 species of Euglena; and a total of 14 species of 2 types of zooplankton were detected, including 8 species of Copepods and 6 kinds of Cladocerans. Phosphorus was the most important environmental factor affecting the density of phytoplankton in Tangxun Lake. The top-down effect of zooplankton on phytoplankton was the most important biological factor affecting the growth of phytoplankton in Tangxun Lake.

Study on the characteristics of calcium forms of saline alkali soil in Tianjin Binhai New Area

ZHAO Jie, XIAO Hui, WANG Li-yan, LI Meng-qi, ZHANG Hui, WANG Xiao-feng

2022, 61(12): 27-30. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.006

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The effect of soil salinity and alkali on calcium forms in the coastal saline alkali area was explored. Soil samples were collected from typical saline-alkali areas in Tianjin Binhai New Area, the contents of total calcium, exchangeable calcium and water-soluble calcium in soil were determined, and the effects of total salt content and pH on the content of calcium forms and the relationship among the three calcium forms were analyzed as well. The results showed that the total salt content was significantly positively correlated with the contents of water-soluble calcium and exchangeable calcium, but not with total calcium; the pH was significantly correlated with the content of water-soluble calcium, but not with total calcium and exchangeable calcium. Exchangeable calcium was significantly correlated with water-soluble calcium and total calcium, and water-soluble calcium was significantly correlated with total calcium. In conclusion, the total salt content and pH of coastal saline-alkali soil had significant effects on water-soluble calcium and exchangeable calcium, but had little effect on total calcium content. The soil exchange calcium content in coastal saline alkali land was sufficient, but it was less effective for plants. It was suggested to remediate coastal saline soil to reduce pH or increase the application of exogenous calcium to alleviate calcium deficiency.

Analysis on tobacco-planting soil fertility changes at different altitudes in Yanbian county

XIONG Wei-liang, PAN Xing-bing, FENG Wen-long, LIU Yu, YUAN Jia-fu, XU Xiang-yu

2022, 61(12): 31-37. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.007

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Principal component analysis and equidistant cluster analysis were used to evaluate the status of soil nutrients and fertility in Yanbian county, Panzhihua city. The results showed that soil pH and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were moderate, organic matter and water-soluble chlorine were low, and available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were abundant in soil from 2009 to 2010. From 2015 to 2017, pH increased slightly, organic matter and water-soluble chlorine decreased slightly, and available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium increased significantly; the variation range of soil fertility comprehensive score （IFI） in 2015—2017 was 0.24~0.84, and the coefficient of variation was lower than that in 2009—2010. The average VALUE of IFI was 0.60, which was higher than that in 2009—2010; IFI increased at middle and low altitudes, but decreased at high altitudes; the comprehensive fertility index values of soil at different elevations were in the order of middle altitude > high altitude > low altitude. The results of the two censuses showed that the contribution of each index of soil nutrients to the comprehensive evaluation value of fertility was significantly different, indicating that the continuous application of chemical fertilizer aggravated the soil nutrient imbalance.

Experimental study on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from slope in different vegetative filter strips by artificial rainfall

YOU Qin-jing, ZHANG Hua-yong, HUANG Tou-sheng, ZHANG Fei-fan, ZHENG Yu-yang, ZHOU Wen-jiao

2022, 61(12): 38-44. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.008

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Vegetative filter strip is one of the effective measures to control soil and water loss. In this research, the artificial rainfall experiment was carried out with soil tanks. Under different slope gradients （5°,20°, 35°）, rainfall intensities （30,60,90 mm/h） and vegetation setting modes （whole block arrangement, two pieces arrangement）, the time variation of total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in runoff and sediment on the eroded slope was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the change trend of total nitrogen or total phosphorus content with time in different combinations was not completely consistent, but the change trend among individual combinations was the same; the combination of rainfall intensity, slope gradient and vegetation setting mode had a comprehensive impact on the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal by the vegetative filter strip, which was different from that of each single factor; the application of vegetative filter strip on a slope should be combined with local climate and terrain conditions. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design of vegetative filter strip to prevent soil and water loss on the erosive slope of small watersheds in northern China.

Analysis of ecological carrying capacity based on local actual consumption and output： A case study of Linxiang City in Hunan Province

ZHANG Dong-liang, GUO Ying, WANG Ping, PENG Zhen

2022, 61(12): 45-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.009

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Based on Linxiang Statistical Yearbook （2010, 2018）, the ecological footprint of Linxiang City was analyzed by using the ecological footprint method in combination with the relevant statistical data of the territorial space plan of Linxiang City （2019—2035）.The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of Linxiang City showed an obvious upward trend. By calculating the local actual output of each biological resource, the local yield factor was obtained, and the ecological carrying capacity more in line with the actual local level was caculated, showing that with the development of science and technology level, regional total ecological capacity increased. But the increase in population and the expansion of urbanization made the per capita ecological carrying capacity decrease. It was found that controlling population growth, strengthening the protection of cultivated land and water area, improving energy efficiency and reducing pollutant discharge can effectively alleviate the regional ecological deficit of Linxiang City.

Effects of sublethal doses of carbosulfan and abamectin on the reproductive development of adult Bactrocera minax

LIU Wen-ru, HE Zhang-zhang, GUI Lian-you, SHI Yong-fang, ZHOU Ren-di, YANG Xuan, JIANG Zhen-yu, ZHANG Guo-hui

2022, 61(12): 51-56. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.010

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The potential impact of sublethal doses（LC₁₀） abamectin and carbosulfan on the survival rate of adult females and males of Bactrocera minax （Enderlein）, the ovarian development of adult females, the abdominal index, ovarian index, egg length of 42 days old living females were studied with the rearing methods and the anatomical methods. The results showed that the average survival rate of adult females treated with LC₁₀abamectin and with LC₁₀ carbosulfan was highly significantly lower than that of adult males by 5.00 percent and 5.30 percent, respectively. Compared with the untreated group （CK）, the average survival rate of adult females and males treated with LC₁₀ abamectin and LC₁₀ carbosulfan were highly significantly reduced by 12.52 percent and 14.16 percent, 8.06 percent and 9.40 percent, respectively. The average survival rate of adult females and males treated with LC₁₀ abamectin was highly significantly lower than those treated with LC₁₀ carbosulfan. For all the three rearing treatments （normal rearing, LC₁₀ abamectin rearing, and LC₁₀ carbosulfan rearing）, the ovarian development of 42 days old living females reared after 36 days all reached Grade 4 or Grade 5. The proportion of Grade 4 and Grade 5 were 66.67% and 33.33% of those with normal rearing, 45.45% and 54.55% of those with LC₁₀ abamectin rearing, 92.86% and 7.14% of those with LC₁₀ carbosulfan, respectively, however, there was no significant difference among the abdominal index, among the ovarian index, and among the egg length. Sublethal doses of abamectin and carbosulfan reduced the survival rate of adults of Bactrocera minax, which stimulated and inhibited the sexual maturation of female adults of Bactrocera minax, respectively.

Control effects of microbial agents on 3 kinds of strawberry diseases and their influence on strawberry growth

XIONG Ming-guo

2022, 61(12): 57-60. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.011

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Taking strawberry variety Red Face as the research object, using Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, Trichoderma wettable powder, and composite microbial inoculants as the test materials, and 25% pyraclostrobin suspension as the chemical agent and water control, the control effects of 3 kinds of microbial agents on strawberry anthracnose, powdery mildew and gray mold and their influence on strawberry growth were studied. The results showed that the three microbial agents all showed good control effects on strawberry anthracnose, with the control effects exceeding 65%, and the treatment and control effects of the compound microbial agent was the most obvious; in the control of strawberry powdery mildew, the control effect of using Bacillus subtilis wettable powder was the most obvious, with a control effect of more than 60%, but the control effect of using Trichoderma wettable powder and compound microbial inoculants was poor, both below 40%; the three microbial agents all showed varying degrees of control effects on strawberry gray mold, with the control effect ranging from 30% to 55%. At the same time, the three microbial agents all had certain growth-promoting and yield-increasing effects on strawberry plants.

Soil nutrient status and distribution characteristics of loquat orchard in Tongshan County of Hubei Province

WANG Hui-liang, GONG Lin-zhong, WANG Fu-rong, LIU Yong, AI Xiao-yan, WU Zheng-li, YUAN Guan-qiang, NIE Yu-ting, ZHU Wei, YUAN Ye, ZHU Xiao-min, HE Hua-ping

2022, 61(12): 61-66. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.012

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The soil nutrient status of the loquat orchard in Tongshan County of Hubei Province was analyzed.We collected 415 soils from 9 main loquat-growing townships in Tongshan County, analyzed the main nutrients, and judged the soil nutrient status according to relevant grading standards. The average soil pH of the loquat orchards in Tongshan County was 6.46, with a range of 4.94 to 8.57, and the spatial variation was not obvious in different orchards. The soil organic matter content varied from 2.40 to 52.60 g/kg, with an average of 22.40 g/kg. Most of the soil organic matter content in loquat gardens in the county had reached the middle level or above, reaching 95.91%, and the organic matter content was at a relatively high level. The soil available nitrogen content was 7.00~250.00 mg/kg, with an average of 119.03 mg/kg. There were 54.09% of the county’s soil with available nitrogen content higher than 120 mg/kg, reaching a rich or extremely rich level. The content of available phosphorus in the soil was 6.00~140.70 mg/kg, with an average of 27.99 mg/kg, no orchards lacking available phosphorus. The soil available potassium content ranged from 25.50 mg/kg to 391.00 mg/kg, with an average of 114.42 mg/kg, and 7.27% of orchards were at the level of deficiency or extreme deficiency. The spatial distribution of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content was uneven, but they were all relatively abundant. In view of the soil condition of the loquat orchard in Tongshan County, it was recommended to control the amount of chemical fertilizer, increase the amount of organic fertilizer, and gradually promote the orchard growing grass and soil testing formula fertilization technology to achieve the improvement of soil fertility and the balanced supply of nutrients in the loquat orchard in Tongshan County.

Study on the active components and antioxidant activity of three Paris plants in Enshi

SUN Hui-ru, TAN Sheng-quan, FANG Xin-yue, HE Mei-jun, HE Yin-sheng, LI Yu, ZHANG Mei-de, YANG Xu

2022, 61(12): 67-70. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.013

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The contents of polyphyllin Ⅱ in the five-year-old Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis（Franch）.Hara, Paris qiliangiana H.Li, J.Yang & Y.H.Wang and Paris thibetica Franch. from three Paris in Enshi were compared and analyzed, and the gas chromatography （GC） was established. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities of three Paris polyphylla extracts were detected and their antioxidant activities were studied. The method for detecting polyphyllin Ⅱ extracted with ethyl acetate was as follows：Using FID detector, the temperature programming was 0~3 min, 60 ℃, the temperature increased to 280 ℃ at 3 ℃/min, and maintained for 20 min; injection port temperature was 310 ℃; the carrier gas was nitrogen （99.999%）; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; injection volume was 5 μL, no split. The results showed that the standard curve of polyphyllin Ⅱ standard by GC was Y=0.845X+72.18, and the linearity was good within the concentration range of 512.5~164 00.0 ng/μL,with R²> 0.999 5. The limit of detection was 40.5 ng/μL and the limit of quantitation was 130.6 ng/L. The recovery was 96.93%~98.33% with RSD of 2.72%. GC analysis showed that the contents of polyphyllin Ⅱ were 0.104 mg/g, 0.098 mg/g and 0.015 mg/g in P. polyphylla,P. thibetica and P. qiliangiana, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the three extracts of P. polyphylla,P. qiliangiana, and P. thibetica were 2.372 mg/mL, 2.461 mg/mL and 2.473 mg/mL, respectively, which exhibited strong to weak bacteriostatic activity. The detection method for polyphyllin II was accurate, reliable, simple, sensitive and suitable. The content of the active ingredient polyphyllin Ⅱ in the P. polyphylla in Enshi area was the highest, followed by P. thibetica, and P. qiliangianawas the lowest. The extracts of three Paris plants had certain antioxidant capacity, and P. polyphylla had the strongest antioxidant capacity.

Effect of whole nutrient water-soluble fertilizer and seaweed soaking on seed germination in cucumber

WANG Hui, CUI Xiang-zheng, XUAN Zi-yun, LI Xin-da, ZHU Rui, RUAN Jun, ZHANG Xu, LIU Ya-hua, HAN Xiao-zhao

2022, 61(12): 71-74. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.014

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The characteristics of main fertilizer needed by cucumber were analyzed, and a liquid water-soluble fertilizer was studied. The nutrient contents of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe were 100.0, 12.5, 25.0, 75.0, 25.0, 8.0 and 1.0 g/L, respectively. The products complied with the agricultural industry standard of water-soluble fertilizers containing calcium and magnesium（NY2266—2012）. The results showed that the seed soaking effect of 1 400 times fertilizer dilution was better, and the germination rate, germination potential and relative water content of seedlings were increased by 18.00, 22.00 and 0.02 percentage points respectively compared with that of water control. Germination index, vigor index, first order lateral root number, taproot length, hypocotyl length and hypocotyl diameter increased by 13.1%, 29.4%, 38.5%, 31.7%, 35.6% and 39.4%, respectively. The relative electrical conductivity of seedlings decreased by 31.5%. Seaweed liquid had a good promoting effect on seed soaking effect of water-soluble fertilizer.

Effects of iron and manganese deficiency stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reflectance spectra curve of pepper

BAI Ru-yue, GENG Ya, WANG Xiao-gang, LIU Zhi-jun

2022, 61(12): 75-80. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.015

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Pepper leaves with iron deficiency, manganese deficiency and iron-manganese double deficiency were obtained by hydroponics in the intelligent greenhouse, respectively. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reflectance spectra of pepper leaves with different levels of deficiency were measured, respectively. The support vector machine was used to establish a rapid diagnosis model for the deficiency types of yellow leaves. The results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence technology and hyperspectral technology were feasible to diagnose iron and manganese deficiency in greenhouse pepper.

Effects of three kinds of light intensity on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Stephania kwangsiensis

DENG Li-li, QIN Hui-zhen, SHI Yan-cai, ZOU Rong, JIANG Yun-sheng, XIONG Zhong-chen

2022, 61(12): 81-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.016

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Effects of different light intensities （100%, 75% and 50% of natural light） on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme system of Stephania kwangsiensis were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme system of S. kwangsiensis under different light intensities. With the increase of light intensity, the light compensation point, light saturation point, dark respiration efficiency, apparent quantum efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, peroxidase, catalase and proline contents of S. kwangsiensis showed an increasing trend, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration decreased first and then increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In conclusion, the light intensity affected the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity of S. kwangsiensis,high light intensity had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. kwangsiensis,and 75% light intensity was the best growth condition of S. kwangsiensis. Appropriate shading treatment should be adopted in the cultivation of S. kwangsiensis, which is conducive to plant growth and thus improves the yield of S. kwangsiensis.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of Hongda flue-cured tobacco

LIU Jiu-yu, LI Zhi, KAN Hong-wei, XU Mao-hua, LIN Yue-ping, CHEN Ji-hua, WANG Hong-tuan, FU Bin, YANG Xiao-bin, LI Xiao-ting

2022, 61(12): 86-90. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.017

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In order to explore the theoretical basis of rational fertilization technology of Hongda flue-cured tobacco, the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on dry matter accumulation in different organs and nutrient absorption of Hongda flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the dry matter and nutrient accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Meanwhile, the treatment of pure nitrogen 45 kg/hm² was the lowest and the treatments of pure nitrogen 75 kg/hm²、90 kg/hm² were better. The dry weight of Hongda flue-cured tobacco leaves increased sharply from tuanke-period to vigorous growing period under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and the accumulation of nutrient elements in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased 12~58 times from tuanke-period to vigorous growing period. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron in flue-cured tobacco leaves reached the absorption peak in vigorous growing period, the content of magnesium in flue-cured tobacco leaves reached the absorption peak in tuanke-period, and the content of phosphorus and boron in flue-cured tobacco leaves was low. It is recommended to apply pure nitrogen 75~90 kg/hm² and increase phosphate and boron fertilizer in Hongda flue-cured tobacco. It is suggested that nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer and additional fertilizer before tuanke-period, which can promote dry matter and nutrient accumulation in vigorous growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and boron fertilizer should be sprayed on leaves in vigorous growing period to improve flue-cured tobacco quality.

Effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic characters and yield of Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq.

GAN Xiao-yan, ZHANG Li, GONG Lei, NIE Feng-jie, LIU Xuan, CHEN Yu-chao, YANG Wen-jing, SONG Yu-xia

2022, 61(12): 91-94. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.018

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In order to obtain the best artificial planting conditions, using the Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq. as the material, this paper studied the growth period and agronomic characters of Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq. under artificial planting condition. The effects of different sowing dates, fertilization types and seeding amounts on the growth process, yield and yield component factors were studied to explore the suitable sowing date, fertilization type and seeding amount of Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq. in Ningxia sandy wasteland. The results showed that the seed rate was 7.50~15.0 kg/hm² in early May. When the planting density was 12.00 kg/hm², the yield could reach 779.1 kg/hm² under the compound fertilizer application, which was significantly different from other treatments. Therefore, the agronomic traits of Agriophyllum squarrosum （L.） Moq. could be changed by artificial planting.

Effect of controlled release blended fertilizer on the root morphology, yield and quality of tobacco in different pH soils

PAN Xing-bing, FENG Jun, JIAN Lian-jun, PENG Jin-guo, YUAN Jia-fu, XU Xiang-yu

2022, 61(12): 95-100. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.019

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To explore the suitable mixing ratio and effects of controlled-release blended fertilizers in tobacco planting soils with different pH values in the Panzhihua area, we set four treatments, which contained conventional fertilization （The total nutrient input was N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O =6.75∶6.35∶17.90, CK）, controlled-release blended fertilizer 1 （Non-coated treatment： controlled release treatment 30 d∶controlled release treatment 60 d∶controlled release treatment 90 d=4∶3∶2∶1,the total nutrient input was N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=5.9∶5.5∶14.5,CF1）, controlled-release blended fertilizer 2 （The ratio of treatments was 4∶4∶2∶0, the total nutrient input was N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=5.9∶5.5∶14.5,CF2）, and controlled-release blended fertilizer 3 （The ratio of treatments was 4∶3∶2∶1, the total nutrient input was N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=6.9∶6.5∶16.9,CF3）, to study the effects on tobacco roots, leaf yield, leaf quality, and leaf chemical composition in soils with different pH. The results showed that the tobacco root performance and leaf yield were better under the CF3 treatment in the higher pH value soils; however, those were better under the CF2 treatment in the lower pH value soil. Under the higher pH value soils, blended controlled-release fertilizers could significantly increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves, thereby greatly increasing the potassium-chlorine ratio and improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

Research on development potential of rural complex in Dapao Miao Village of Rong’an County based on DSR-AHP model

LI Jia, CHEN Ke-dong, LU Qin-qing, LU Peng

2022, 61(12): 101-105. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.020

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According to the DSR-AHP model, the evaluation mechanism is established to calculate the development potential of Dabao Miao Village rural complex. This model is based on the development of Rong'an County in Guangxi Province, and its fundamental purpose is to promote the common development of ecology, life, production and the integration of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. Through the evaluation results, we can know how to develop Miao Village, help Miao Village build modern agriculture, and play a positive role in the construction of Guangxi minority villages and rural revitalization strategy.

Study on the optimization of spatial form of Lingnan villages based on space syntax

ZHANG Yi-ge, LI Hong-jing, LU Li-ming, YANG Fang-rong, ZHANG Shu-wen

2022, 61(12): 106-111. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.021

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Taking Yalang Village in Beiliu Town, Beiliu City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, based on the field research about the village space morphology elements, the road network space of Yalang Village was analyzed and refined. The axis model was established by Depthmap spatial syntax software, and the structural characteristics of the overall spatial form of the village were obtained. The road network space before and after planning was analyzed and compared from the four quantitative parameters of integration, connection, selection and intelligibility to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the planning scheme in the spatial form optimization of Lingnan villages. Finally, optimization strategies were put forward from three aspects, including improving the village road system, combining the results of syntactic parameter analysis and activating the village vitality, so as to provide a specific reference sample for the quantitative study of space syntax of traditional villages.

Age and growth characteristics of Schizothorax curilabiatus in the Chayu River, Tibet

LIU Yan-chao, WEI Cong

2022, 61(12): 112-115. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.022

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To research the age and growth of Schizothorax curilabiatus in Chayu River. 95 individual fishes of Schizothorax curilabiatus were collected from Gongrigabu river in August 2021. The lapillus was used to study the age and growth characteristics, and the growth equation was fitted by using the Von Bertalanffy growth equation. The relationship between body length and body weight of Schizothorax curilabiatus was described as W = 4.708×10^-5L^{2.745 7}. The Von Bertalanffy growth equations were： L=260.65[1-e^{-0.096（t+1.805）}], W =202.59[1-e^{-0.096（t+1.805）}]^{2.745 7}. Schizothorax curilabiatus belonged to heterogenic growth in Chayu River, and grew slowly.

Histological observation of head kidney and spleen of juvenile Oncorhynchus keta before release

LI Pei-lun, LIU Wei, LU Wan-qiao, TANG Fu-jiang, WANG Ji-long

2022, 61(12): 116-119. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.023

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By understanding the characteristics of the immune organs of chum salmon, it provided a research basis for exploring the immune response mechanism of the released juvenile chum salmon during the breeding process. The anatomy and conventional histological techniques were used to observe and study the head kidney and spleen of juvenile chum salmon before release. The results showed that the head kidney was located on the back of the esophagus, above the pharyngeal retractor muscle in the thoracic cavity, and the surface was covered with a dense connective tissue capsule. The head kidney contained vestigial renal tubules, and it was in the mixed urinary and immune function stage, and the head kidney was full of lymphocytes, granulocytes, blood cells and melanin-macrophages, with a distinct melanin-macrophage center. The spleen was located below the stomach tissue, the back of the middle intestine, and the surface was smooth and reddish brown. The spleen outer layer was wrapped by a membrane, and the substance was composed of vaguely arranged red pulp and white pulp. The central venous and arterial blood vessels in the spleen were abundant. The red pulp contained sinusoids formed by a large number of blood cells, while the white pulp was filled with a large number of lymphocytes and granulocytes.The melanin macrophages were scattered in the spleenand the melanin macrophages center was obvious. The head kidney and spleen of the juvenile chum salmon had the strong hematopoietic and immune functions before release.

Study on extraction process of polysaccharide in Codonopsis pilosula based on response surface methodology

ZHANG Xue-ling, LIAN Sheng, QI Shu-lan, GUO Yi-yi, CHEN Jia-wei

2022, 61(12): 120-123. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.024

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The polysaccharide in Codonopsis pilosula was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The effects of reflux time, extraction temperature and liquid-solid ratio on the extraction rate of the polysaccharide in Codonopsis pilosula were investigated by the single factor test. The extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The optimal extraction process was liquid-solid ratio of 11.2∶1（mL/g）, extraction temperature of 80 ℃ and reflux time of 1.5 h. Under these conditions, the yield of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide was 19.38%, and the measured value was 0.573 percentage points lower than the theoretical value of the model, with a good fitting degree, which fully verified the accuracy of the model. The process optimization was reasonable and effective.

Effect of nitrogen adjustment on the mellowing quality and mechanical property of tobacco leaves

SUN Jian-feng, YIN Yan-qi, LI Zhen

2022, 61(12): 124-127. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.025

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In order to learn more about the impact of the nitrogen adjustment method for insect prevention on the mellowing quality and mechanical property of tobacco leaves , the appearances, physical and chemical indicators, smoking quality and mechanical properties of Yunnan flue-cured leaves DBBFAPK processed by the routine insect prevention and nitrogen adjustment insect prevention were tested and comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the mechanical properties, appearance and smoking quality of the tobacco leaves processed by the two treatments were not significantly different. In terms of physical and chemical indicators, the total sugar of the nitrogen adjustment method was higher than that of the routine method, and the total nitrogen and nicotine were lower than that of the routine method.

Effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on postharvest storage quality of Prunus domestica × armeniaca konglongdan

LIU Ya-xin, ZHANG Jia-jia, NIU Xin-jiang, YANG Shao-bin

2022, 61(12): 128-132. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.026

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The effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on postharvest physiology and storage quality of Prunus domestica × armeniaca konglongdan were studied. The results showed that compared with the control, different concentrations of salicylic acid treatment could inhibit the ethylene release rate of konglongdan, reduce the respiratory strength of the fruit, maintain a high hardness of the fruit, and reduce the weight loss rate and decay rate of the fruit. In addition, the salicylic acid treatment could maintain a high content of soluble solids, and significantly improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of the fruit. Salicylic acid treatment could enhance the storage tolerance of postharvest konglongdan and maintain high storage quality, especially the low concentration salicylic acid （0.1 mmol/L） treatment having the best preservation effect, which could be used as a suitable treatment condition to improve the postharvest storage tolerance of konglongdan and prolong its freshness.

Design of automatic cultivation device of sprouts for home use

GUO Yi, ZHANG Gui-qin

2022, 61(12): 133-136. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.027

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In order to solve the needs and problems of home sprout cultivation, the basic design requirements of the home sprout cultivation device were put forward. An automatic cultivation device for home sprouts was designed, which was composed of base, cultivation frame, germination system, irrigation system, light supplement system and control system. The results showed that the three-dimensional cultivation mode was adopted to improve the utilization rate of cultivation space; the special germination chamber could make the seeds sprout orderly in the germination stage, avoiding the problems of uneven germination and rotten seeds; the automatic irrigation water circulation could meet the water demand in the growth stage of sprouts, reducing the phenomenon of poor growth and rotten roots; it had the function of automatic intelligent light supplement. It could solve the problem of slow growth and inconsistent growth caused by insufficient light, realize the automatic control in the cultivation process, and solve the problem of the heavy workload of home cultivation management. It had a beautiful appearance and simple operation.

The effect of fertilizer reduction in agricultural machinery services under the background of agricultural labor transfer

GUAN Yong-jin, QIN Xian-hong

2022, 61(12): 137-142. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.028

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Based on the data of the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, the agricultural machinery services on the basis of evaluating the direct effect of agricultural labor transfer on the intensity of fertilizer use were explored. The results showed that：①The transfer of agricultural labor and agricultural machinery services had a significant inhibitory effect on the fertilizer use intensity of farmers. ②Agricultural machinery services played a partial mediating role in the effects of agricultural labor transfer on the intensity of fertilizer use. ③Cultivated land conditions had a significant positive moderating effect on the impact of agricultural labor transfer on the purchase of agricultural machinery services, but had no significant effect on the impact of agricultural machinery services on the intensity of fertilizer use.

Research on the construction of smart agriculture development mode in Shaanxi Province under the background of rural revitalization strategy

JIANG Feng-xiang, REN Da-peng, DU Mou-tao, WANG Xin, LIN Jun-jie, QIN Xiao-long, FAN Li

2022, 61(12): 143-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.029

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The rural revitalization strategy is a fundamental strategy to solve the issues concerving “agriculture, rural areas and rural residents”. Only by revitalizing the rural economy can the overall quality and speed of China’s economy be improved, and smart agriculture can help revitalize the rural economy. Smart agriculture comprehensively uses cutting-edge technologies such as multiple types of network technology, barcode technology, big data technology, and smart technology to realize information traceability management in agricultural production and circulation, and can provide data support for government departments in agricultural supervision, management, support and decision,and establish a highly credible circulation system for agricultural-related enterprises. Under the background of the rural revitalization strategy, Shaanxi Province should develop smart agriculture, improve the efficiency of the entire agricultural field, promote the transformation and development of agriculture, and make Shaanxi become a strong agricultural province. This article mainly studied the strategies for constructing smart agriculture development mode in Shaanxi Province under the background of rural revitalization strategy.

Monitoring and evaluation of ecological environment changes in central region of Urumqi

WANG Jie, LI Xiao-dong

2022, 61(12): 147-154. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.030

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Based on Landsat-5/TM and Lansat-8/OLI remote sensing images from the central region of Urumqi in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Greenness （NDVI）, humidity （Wet）, dryness （NDBSI）, heat index （LST） were selected, and the RSEI （Remote Sensing Ecological Index）model was constructed by the Principal Component Analysis（PCA） method to evaluate the changes in ecological environment quality in the central urban area of Urumqi over the past 30 years. The results showed that： ①Wet and NDVI had a positive impact on the quality of the ecological environment, and Wet had the greatest contribution rate to the quality of the ecological environment. LST and NDBSI had a negative impact on the quality of the ecological environment, and NDBSI had the greatest contribution rate to the quality of the ecological environment. ②Over the past 30 years, the ecological environment quality in the central district of Urumqi had been on the rise. ③Through the analysis of RSEI changes, it could be seen from the change trend of ecological environment quality in Urumqi’s central urban area that the area proportion of “general”“good” and “excellent” grades increased, the change of “poor” grade was stable, and the area proportion of “poor” grade decreased significantly. Therefore, it can be seen that the ecological environment base of Urumqi’s downtown area is poor and developing in a good direction, but the development process is slow.

Study on the communication mode of agricultural science and technology information under the prevention and control of normal epidemic situation：Taking Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example

LEI Ao-xing, YANG Wen, LI Fei, LU Guo-liang

2022, 61(12): 155-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.031

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The COVID-19 pandernic had a serious impact on the spread of agricultural science and technology information. This paper analyzed the problems and practical exploration of agricultural science and technology information dissemination under strict epidemic prevention and control measures, and put forward some suggestions on the construction of agricultural science and technology information dissemination mode under normalized epidemic prevention and control.

Analysis on creating national tourism products of Jixinling tourism brand of “Natural National Heart”

ZHAO Lin-long

2022, 61(12): 160-166. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.032

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On the basis of introducing the formation of Jixinling tourism brand of “Natural National Heart”, the existing problems in building Jixinling tourism brand of “Natural National Heart” were analyzed, and some countermeasures were put forward such as Jointly building “Natural National Heart” Jixinling 4A scenic spot; working together to build “Natural National Heart” Jixinling tourism channel; working together to promote the integration of “Natural National Heart” Jixinling into the national tourism region.

Research on the countermeasures of high quality development of characteristic town in Shaanxi Province by integrating culture and tourism

RONG Yan, GAO Xin

2022, 61(12): 167-172. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.033

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As a kind of micro-industry gathering area, the characteristic town was committed to internalizing the existing cultural resources and transforming them into sustainable tourism resources, building the tourism industry structure on the basis of cultural content, deepening industrial integration, realizing the culture, using characteristics to divert, promoting the coordinated development of the regional economy, and shaping the cultural tourism industry gathering area with culture as the core, characteristics as the support and industry as the guidance. By exploring and analyzing the problems existing in the construction and development of the characteristic town in Shaanxi Province, the article put forward the solution measures and development path to guide the standardized and healthy development of the characteristic town in Shaanxi Province, promoted the supply-side reform of cultural tourism, enhanced the comprehensive quality of cultural tourism development, made the development and construction of the characteristic town in Shaanxi Province take into account quantity and quality, promoted the high-quality development of characteristic town in Shaanxi Province tourism under the integration of culture and tourism, enhanced the competitiveness of Shaanxi Province’s cultural tourism industry, and built Shaanxi tourism brand.

Research on tourism development of dike-pond agriculture in Shunde district, Foshan city

ZHOU Wu, ZHOU Jin-hao, SU Li-jie, LIU Yi-lun, ZHAO Li, HU Yue-ming

2022, 61(12): 173-178. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.034

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Shunde district in the central hinterland of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the research area was selected, the spatial distribution of dike-pond landscape, people gathering and tourist facilities were analyzed, and the development conditions and strategies of dike-pond tourism were discussed. The results showed that the landscape area of dike-pond in Shunde district accounted for 15.34%, mainly distributed in the south and central part. People mainly gathered in the eastern urban area of Shunde district, which did not coincide with the dike-pond landscape area. The six tourism facilities of eating, living, touring, traveling, shopping and entertainment in Shunde district were complete and evenly distributed, providing facilities for the tourism development of dike-pond. Finally, the development strategy proposed was to strengthen the characteristics of the dike-pond on the basis of the existing scenic spots by virtue of the advantages of people gathering and perfect facilities in the east in the near future. In the medium and long term, focusing on the development of dike-pond resources in the central and southern regions, building dike-pond in-depth tourist attractions and entering the national ecological park construction list were put forward. This is not only conducive to the protection and development of dike-pond landscape resources, but also to meeting the travel needs of people in the Greater Bay Area.

Research on legal guarantee construction in agricultural products transaction under the background of e-commerce development

ZHANG Jia-zhi

2022, 61(12): 179-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.035

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The e-commerce platform based on network technology and information technology provides a convenient, diversified and safe trading platform for the development of agricultural products. However, there is a lack of legal protection system in the development stage of agricultural products e-commerce transaction, which restricts the healthy and benign development of agricultural products e-commerce transaction. The importance of the construction of legal protection for agricultural products transaction in the context of e-commerce development was analyzed, and in view of the problems existing in the legal guarantee construction of agricultural products e-commerce transaction, the targeted solution path was put forward, in order to make a certain contribution to promoting the sustainable and healthy development of China’s agricultural products e-commerce.

Analysis on factors affecting farmers’ income in geographical indication areas under meteorological disasters：Taking “Luochuan Apple” as an example

LIU Yin, XU Li-na

2022, 61(12): 184-188. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.036

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In order to improve the income level of farmers in geographical indication areas, protect their vital interests and realize sustainable development of agriculture, the ordered Probit regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of farmers’ income in geographical indication areas under meteorological disasters based on the micro-survey data of apple growers in Luochuan county. The results showed that farmers’ age, disaster prevention measures, pesticide expenditure, sales price, geographical indication perception, brand price perception and market consumer groups all positively affected farmers’ income. In the special period of meteorological disaster, the appropriate increase of pesticide expenditure of farmers was beneficial to saving agricultural production and improving their income. This paper also put forward some suggestions to guarantee farmers’ income from strengthening the construction of geographical indication of agricultural products, guiding farmers to purchase agricultural insurance, perfecting the price mechanism of agricultural products, attaching importance to farmers’ safety in production and strengthening disaster prevention construction.

Research on the multi-functional development path of vegetable industry in Yunnan Province

LI Liang, MAO Zhao-qing

2022, 61(12): 189-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.037

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Through analyzing the necessity of expanding the multi-functional vegetable industry in Yunnan Province, combined with the advantages of the multi-functional expansion of the vegetable industry in Yunnan Province, a development path was proposed,in order to promote the modernization and sustainable development of the vegetable industry in Yunnan Province.

Evaluation of performance and diagnosis of obstacle factors for land use in prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang

DONG Lu, PU Chun-ling, JIANG Chang-pan, YAN Zhi-ming

2022, 61(12): 193-199. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.038

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The indicator system was constructed from the land input level, use structure, economic, social and ecological performance, and the entropy TOPSIS method and obstacle degree model were used to evaluate performance and identify and diagnose obstacle factors for land use of the prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that the overall performance of land use in Urumqi city, Turpan city, and Hami city fluctuated and increased from 2009 to 2018, while the comprehensive performance of land use in Karamay city declined first and then increased; social performance of land use and land use structure were important factors to improve land use performance of prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang;the main factors affecting the land use performance of prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang in the future were the sewage treatment rate, the number of sanitary beds per unit of construction land, and the amount of fixed asset investment per unit of construction land. Therefore, prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang should maintain land investment and economic development, optimize the structure of land use, and explore the coordinated development of economic, social and ecological performance of land use.

The measurement and temporal and spatial evolution of the green technology innovation efficiency of secondary industry in Yangtze River Economic Belt

CHEN Hong, SHEN Jun-yuan, CHEN Shi-yu

2022, 61(12): 200-205. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.039

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The Max-min-DEA model of SBM and Kernel density estimation function were used to measure the green technology innovation efficiency of secondary industry in 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2018, and their spatial and temporal differences were analyzed. The results showed that the efficiency of green technology innovation of secondary industry in 11 provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt was high, but there was still room for improvement. It was necessary to do a good job in reducing consumption and emission to improve efficiency. During the observation period, the overall efficiency was on the rise, but there were obvious spatial and temporal differences in the evolution law and trend of green technology innovation efficiency of the secondary industry among the sub regions and among the provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Study on the issue of non-governmental organizations participating in the rule of law in grass-roots governance

LI Yi

2022, 61(12): 206-211. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.040

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Under the background of promoting the legalization of grass-roots governance, the effectiveness of non-governmental organizations participating in grass-roots governance becomes more and more prominent. At present, the participation of non-governmental organizations in the rule of law in grass-roots governance faces the problems of vague development direction, and the lack of reasonable internal management mechanism and stable resources support. Based on the analysis of the situation and difficulties of non-governmental organizations participating in the legalization of grass-roots governance, this study put forward the realization path of establishing a good institutional environment, clarifying the development status, exploring the development direction, enhancing their own ability, strengthening internal management, deepening local participation and paying attention to brand construction.

The current situation,problems and countermeasures of rural civilization construction under the strategy of rural revitalization： A case study of Xiaohe town, Yicheng city, Hubei Province

XIA Ji, YANG Xue-feng, XIA Jing

2022, 61(12): 212-216. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.041

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As one of the important contents of the strategy of rural revitalization, the construction of rural civilization is the soul and important guarantee of rural revitalization. Based on the field investigation and analysis of the results of the investigation on the construction of rural civilization in Xiaohe town, Yicheng city, Hubei Province, this paper analyzed the problems and causes existing in the construction of rural civilization in Xiaohe town, and probed into the countermeasures to promote the construction of rural civilization in Xiaohe town.

Sustainable transmission path of rural folk culture in intelligent age

YUAN Xun, XIE Qi

2022, 61(12): 217-220. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.042

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The rapid development of digital technology has broadened the channels of information dissemination, but also brought new situation to the transmission of intangible cultural heritage. In intelligent age, the sustainable transmission of folk intangible cultural heritage should make full use of intelligent technology, realize folk culture space reproduction, comprehensily show and restore folk regional context to the audience, with the help of intelligent terminal, display the tourism value of folk culture, let the folk culture be continuously inherited and innovated in the interaction of history, nature and reality, and provide unlimited power for rural revitalization.By analyzing the current situation of folk culture transmission, the sustainable transmission path of folk culture activities in the intelligent age was proposed, in order to provide reference for the inheritance and innovation of folk culture activities.

Research on the path of social enterprises participating in the “rural elderly care service chain”

LI Jing, ZHU Lan-lan

2022, 61(12): 221-224. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.12.043

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The aging situation in rural areas was becoming increasingly serious. The shortage of socialized old-age service supply in rural areas, the strong demand for community home-based old-age service and the low purchasing power of rural elderly provided space for social enterprises to intervene in rural old-age service. The involvement of social enterprises in the “rural pension service chain” had comparative advantages of operation, public welfare and professionalism, which could effectively complement the shortcomings of rural pension service. However, there were still difficulties such as the lack of a relevant legal system and supervision mechanism, the lack of identity, and the lack of sustainable development capacity of social enterprises. In order to meet the needs of rural elderly care services and help rural revitalization, it was necessary to strengthen top-level design, build intelligent platforms, strengthen government support, enhance the vitality of social enterprises, stabilize the position of rural communities, gather talents and constantly optimize the path for social enterprises to get involved in rural elderly care services.

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