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Table of Content

    10 February 2019, Volume 58 Issue 3
    Reviews
    Research Progress on Biodegradation of Herbicides
    LU Mei-ming, YIN Wen-yue, LIU Chuan-long, ZHANG Ming-qian, LIU Wen-rui, WANG Xin
    2019, 58(3):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.001
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    After the herbicide is applied to the soil,a part of the herbicide remains in the soil,causing serious environmental pollution. The issue of the safety of the post-cultivated crop has been widely concerned by the society. The main way to degrade herbicides in soil is microbial degradation. This article reviews the residual hazards,current research status,degradation pathways,and the degradation of microorganisms in four common pesticides (sulfonylureas,imidazolinones,oxazolinones,triazolopyrimidinesulfonamides),problems and solutions.
    Research Progress and Review of Intensive Utilization of Rural Residential Area
    WU Jiu-xing
    2019, 58(3):  9-14.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.002
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    Rural residential areas are important land types in urban and rural construction land. The utilization level of rural residential areas has great influence on the promotion of land intensive conservation and utilization policies. Based on the analysis of existing literature, the existing literature is mainly focused on the connotation, status quo and significance of intensive use of rural residential areas;the significance, evaluation indexes and methods of rural residential intensive use evaluation; the influencing factors of intensive utilization of rural residential areas; the implementation of intensive use of rural residential areas and other aspects. The study indicated that attention should be paid to the study of rural residential land utilization at the level of village and peasant households. We should in-depth study the evaluation model, driving force model, behavior decision model, etc. And establish a model for the use of residential areas based on actual actors.
    Research Progress on Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Amorpha fruticosa Fruits
    LIANG Ya-ping, GUO Hong-xia, JI Ming-shan, LI Xiu-wei
    2019, 58(3):  15-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.003
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    Through retrieving foreign and domestic literatures, the research progress of the chemical composition, and biological activity of some chemical constituents isolated from the fruit of Amorpha fruticosa were discussed in recent years. It provides a reference for further obtaining effective insecticidal components from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa, and discusses its action mechanism. This will provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Amorpha fruticosa resources and the development of new plant-derived pesticides.
    Breeding & Cultivation
    The Development Trend of New Rape Varieties from Regional Test Results in Hubei Province from 2011 to 2018
    HU Hai-zhen, WANG Pin-san, CHANG Hai-bin, MEI Kai-hua
    2019, 58(3):  19-21.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.004
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    Regional test results of rape (Brassica napus L.) in Hubei province from 2011 to 2018 show that, currently, rape varieties in Hubei province are mainly selected and bred with high yield, more hybrid varieties, less conventional varieties, more medium and late mature varieties, and less early mature varieties. Rape has made a breakthrough in quality breeding, with the double low variety rate reaching 93%. Sclerotia of rape is common in most years, and resistance breeding needs to be strengthened urgently. The higher plant type is not conducive to mechanized production, and there is an urgent need for plant height dwarfing and dwarf genes.
    Natural Variety Zizhongxian Y of Medium indica Rice and Its Cultivation Technique
    YAN Zai-rong, HUANG Wei, WEI Hong-Bian, DU Jia-hui, HUANG You-lin
    2019, 58(3):  22-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.005
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    In mid August 2009,three grains of purple medium indica rice were got in the rice production area of Xingyi city,Gouzhou province,called it Zizhongxiandao Y. The results of identification nursery observation showed that the plant and seed of this variety was amaranth characteristics,and this characteristics has genetic stability;tillering was from 8 to 65;resistance was strong; growth period was from 173 to 180 days;1 000 grain weight was between 18 and 20 g; rice was slender, purple and no white belly. The results of cultivation trial showed that yield was between 12.0 to 13.5 ton per hectare,and was larger than or equal to that of the conventional indica rice and hybrid indica rice. Milled rice rate was from 75% to 78%. The quality of rice was detected by Ministry of Agriculture’s Center for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing of Cereals and Products (Harbin),and the results showed that the samples belong to high quality rice.
    Construction of Green and Efficient Technology "12345" Model of Rapeseed
    ZHOU Ji-min, YANG Jian-li, WANG Chun-li, WANG Zhou-li, ZHANG Zhi
    2019, 58(3):  24-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.006
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    Green and efficient technology "12345" model of rape(Brassica napus L.) is based on high technology,with green high efficiency as the goal, according to the requirements of the integration of varieties of agricultural machinery agronomic, with machinery as the carrier, integrated application of varieties Shanyou 28 and Qinyou 28 with high yield,high oil and appropriate mechanized to achieve high yield; with nitrogen control formula fertilization technology and precise application comprehensive control technology to achieve the green goal. Using mechanized precise broadcast technology, trinity drones fly prevention technology and effect of mechanization harvest technology,taking full mechanized cultivation technical route to carry out the production,full mechanization of the rape from sowing to reap is realized. The practice prove that this model can realize the production goal that labor are less than 15 person/hm2,amount of fertilizer and medicine decrease by 20%,production costs decline to RMB 4 500 yuan/hm2,production of rapeseed is about 3 000 kilograms,pure income is RMB 7 500 yuan/hm2.
    Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield Components of Xinmai 69
    CHEN Zhen-zhen, CHEN Jin-ping, ZHOU Guo-qin, LI Yu-feng, XIE Xu-dong, LI Gang, WANG Lei, ZHU Bao-lei, YIN Zhi-gang, ZHANG Bo
    2019, 58(3):  27-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.007
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    In order to evaluate the suitable sowing date of new wheat varieties Xinmai 69 in Xinyang city of Henan province, the effect of sowing date on the growth and yield components of wheat were studied with 10 sowing times. The results showed that, wheat leaf, tiller number, single stem fresh weight, single stem dry weight, plant height, spike grain number, filling rate, spike length and yield increased firstly and then decreased afterwards as sowing date delayed. The suitable sowing dates of Xinmai 69 in Xinyang were during October 25th to 30th.
    Effects of Super Absorbent Resin on Soil Water Content and Emergence Rate of Summer Maize
    ZHAO Xin, WANG Zhen, LI Xin-min, WANG Feng, HAN Yan-long, CAO Sheng, ZHANG Bao-lin, WANG Chuang-yun
    2019, 58(3):  31-33.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.008
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    The effects of different doses of super absorbent resin on soil water evaporation, soil water evapotranspiration and emergence rate of summer maize (Zea mays L.) were studied. The results showed that the soil water evapotranspiration content under the treatment of above 0.25% dosages were significantly lower than that of CK and 0.10% dosage. The soil water evaporation from high to low was CK and 0.10% dosage, 0.25 dosage, 0.50% and above dosages. The transpiration content of summer maize showed no significant difference among all the treatments. The emergence rate of treatment of 0.10% and 0.25% dosage were significantly higher than that of other treatments. Considered all the indicators, 0.25% dosage of super absorbent resin was beneficial for improving soil water condition and increasing emergence rate.
    Resource & Environment
    Recycling Efficiency of Aquaculture Wastewater under Agriculture-Aquacultue Integrated Model
    TAO Ling, LI Xiao-li, SONG Chao-feng, PENG Liang, DAI Li-li, LI Gu
    2019, 58(3):  34-37.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.009
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    The nutrient recycling effects of two economic aquatic plant lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) and water bamboo (Zizania aquatica L.) on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient of aquaculture wastewater were studied based on the testing-hole experiment. The results showed that under surface flow operation, the dissolved oxygen in the outflow of both water bamboo planted testing-hole and lotus planted testing-hole significantly increased, meanwhile the water temperature in the outflow significantly decreased. The removal rate of the planted testing-hole for NO2--N,NH4+-N,TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus) and CODMn reached by 11.30%~26.27%,8.30%~26.60%,1.87%~20.60%,10.79%~19.70% and 23.00%~30.65% respectively. The removal efficiency of lotus and water bamboo cultivated testing-hole for TN significantly decreased with the increasing hydraulic loading rate. Ex-situ treatment of aquaculture wastewater by lotus and water bamboo plantation is an effective way for improving the pond environment and reducing wastewater discharge by recycling water and nutrients in the aquaculture wastewater.
    Impacts of Climate Change on Kiwifruit Yield in Baoji City
    SHI Yan, WAN Hong-lian, WANG Bao-qi, MAO Nan
    2019, 58(3):  38-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.010
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    By collecting and sorting the weather data and kiwifruit production data from 2005 to 2016 in Baoji city, Shaanxi province, using software such as Excel and ArcGIS, the correlations between the three major meteorological factors including temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours during fruit expanding period from May to July and the ripening period of kiwifruit from August to October, and the kiwifruit yield, were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of kiwifruit in Baoji city fluctuated and rose as a whole in the past 12 years. The production development of the fruit industry was greatly constrained by climate change. The yield of kiwifruit was positively correlated with the change of temperature and sunshine hours, and negatively correlated with the change of precipitation. Climate change had a certain impact on the development of the fruit industry, but with the continuous improvement of agricultural technology, the support of relevant government policies, the vigorous promotion of “Internet Plus” and human factors, to a certain extent, the negative impacts of climate change on the fruit industry was weakened. Based on the above results, suggestions for development were proposed in order to provide a reasonable reference for the development of the kiwifruit industry in Baoji.
    Relationship Analysis and Prediction between the Meteorological Elements and Thousand Kernel Weight in Fuyang City
    WANG Xiao-ling, ZHANG Qing-kui, ZHANG Gui-fang
    2019, 58(3):  42-44.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.011
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    Based on the thousand kernel weight and the meteorological data between heading period and mature period of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during 2006 to 2015, the relationship between the two was analyzed by using SPSS statistical analysis tool. The results showed that the daily minimum temperature had the most significant effect on the thousand kernel weight, followed by sunshine hours and total sunshine hours. The multivariate linear regression prediction model based on the correlation between the main influencing factors and thousand kernel weight was established as a basis for predicting the thousand grain weight of wheat. The independent forecasts inspection accuracy during 2016 to 2017 was about 67%, showed that the model has good application value.
    Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Fruit Quality of Lycium barbarum Ningqi No.1
    HUANG Ting, ZHANG Bo, LIU Jian, QIN Ken, DAI Guo-li, ZOU Wen-yong
    2019, 58(3):  45-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.012
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    In order to find out the suitable combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer for Lycium barbarum planting in Zhongning area of Ningxia, six different fertilization treatments were set up. The fruit quality of Lycium barbarum with only three organic fertilizers, namely potassium fulvic acid, Shunbao, cow and sheep manure, and combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer were compared. The results showed that, comparison with different organic fertilizers, the total sugar content of fruits treated with organic fertilizer Shunbao was higher, the polysaccharide content of summer fruits treated with cow and sheep dung was higher, and the polysaccharide content of autumn fruits treated with potassium fulvic acid was higher. In the comparison of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the total sugar and polysaccharide content of summer fruit treated with cattle and sheep dung and inorganic fertilizer were the highest, and the carotene content of the treatment treated with potassium fulvic acid and inorganic fertilizer was the highest; for autumn fruits, the total sugar content of fruit treated with Shunbao was the highest, polysaccharide content of fruit treated with potassium fulvic acid + inorganic fertilizer was the highest, and carotene content treated with cow and sheep manure was the highest. It can be seen that the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer plays an important role in improving the quality of summer fruit of Lycium barbarum. The application of cattle and sheep manure organic manure was beneficial to the increase of carotenoid content in autumn fruits of Lycium barbarum; the application of inorganic fertilizer has an important impact on the polysaccharide content in autumn fruits of Lycium barbarum; the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is more conducive to the improvement of nutrient content in summer fruits of Lycium barbarum.
    Effects of Humic Acid Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Yield and Economic Benefits of Mechanical Transplanted Rice
    WANG Shi-wei, YANG Hong-guo, WANG Xin-juan, FENG Shang-zong, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Gui-tao, SUN Qing
    2019, 58(3):  48-51.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.013
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    The effects of humic acid controlled release fertilizer on the yield and the economic benefits of mechanical transplanted rice(Oryza sativa L.) were studied with Lindao 16. The results showed that the application of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer could significantly influence the yield and yield components. Compared with the conventional fertilization (control treatment), it could reduce the ineffective tillers of mechanical transplanted rice, increase the percentage of productive tiller, increase the number of productive panicle, balance the fertilizer supply in the whole growth period, and was no premature in the later period. The actual yield increased with the increase of the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer. Economic benefits increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. When the amount of fertilizer was 1 050 kg/hm2, the benefits was the highest, but in the later stage, partial rice appeared lodging and the risk of yield decline. The treatment group with the fertilizer amount of 900 kg/hm2 was the best, no lodging, the benefits was slightly lower. Therefore, the amount of humic acid controlled-release fertilizer in Linyi rice area of Shandong province was within the range of 900 to 1 050 kg/hm2.
    Effects of Fertilizer Formulations on Production of Flue-cured Tobacco under the Condition of Free Topdressing
    PENG Cheng-lin, XIA Zhi-lin, MO Jing-jing, CHEN Hua-wei, ZHAO Jian, WANG Jun, WANG Ming-xu, WANG Wei-wei, YUAN Jia-fu
    2019, 58(3):  52-54.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.014
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    The field plot experiments were carried out to study the effects of fertilizer formulations on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco under the condition of double-row concave ridge and free topdressing in Renhuai city, Guizhou province. The results showed that, the best economic indicators, internal quality and fertilizer reduction of the tobacco leaves were obtained by the treatment of N application rate 91.20 kg/hm2 and the ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O with 1.0∶0.7∶2.4. Compared with traditional single plastic mulching and two topdressing, production value of tobacco leaves of double-row concave ridge and free topdressing treatment increased by 11.0%, the average price increased by RMB 2.3 yuan/kg, and the total sugar, reducing sugar content increased by 19.9% and 16.9% respectively, furthermore, the nicotine levels and fertilizer rate fell by 14.6% and 9.9%.
    Impacts of Duntianbao on the Growth,Development and Yield of Winter Wheats
    ZHANG Peng-wei, TIAN Guo-ying, TIAN Dong-liang, YU Guang-jun, ZHAO Gaung-cai
    2019, 58(3):  55-56.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.015
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    To ensure the winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) with good quality, high and stable yield in Shijiazhuang city, the impacts of Duntianbao fertilizer on the growth was studied, and the effects of Duntianbao fertilizer on the growth period, dry matter accumulation and distribution, output and the index of yield formation and yield of winter wheat were discussed. The results showed that Duntianbao fertilizer spaying at setting stage could promote the growth and development of wheat before flowering; and spaying at the beginning of filling stage could extend grain filling stage and be helpful for output formation. In conclusion, proper application of Duntianbao fertilizer is an effective technical measure for increasing wheat yield.
    Identification and Antioxidant Property of a Fungus Isolated from Cordyceps sinensis
    DING Hao, AN Chao, XUE Wen-jiao, MA Sai-jian, SHANGGUAN Yi-qing
    2019, 58(3):  57-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.016
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    A fungus numbered F4539 was isolated from wild Cordyceps sinensis and identified by morphology and molecular biological identification, in addition, the antioxidant activity for the fermentation products were studied. The results demonstrated that F4539(GenbankKU359775) had relatively high similarity in evolution with Hirsutella sinensis(AJ309355), it was confirmed that F4539 was Hirsutella sinensis; Antioxidant activity tests showed that the DPPH antioxidant activity was 75.39% with a concentration of 20 g/L ethanol extract from F4539 fermentation products, which was higher than the same concentration of ethanol extracts from the certain commercial Cordyceps sinensis mycelium capsule. Further research showed that the IC50 of F4539 fermentation products and commercial Cordyceps sinensis mycelium capsule were 5.96 g/L and 11.61 g/L respectively. It was shown that the antioxidant activity was higher in F4539 fermentation products than the commercial Cordyceps sinensis mycelium capsule.
    Study on Land Use Dynamic Change in Chongqing City
    SHI Tie-chou, XU Xiao-hong
    2019, 58(3):  61-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.017
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    With the aid of remote sensing survey data, the present situation and change of land use structure in Chongqing city was analyzed. The results showed that the land use types in Chongqing were mainly woodland and farmland in 2010. Farmland was mainly dry land, accounted for about 61.50%, paddy field was about 38.50%. The farmland and paddy field in Chongqing were mostly distributed in the west and middle, and less in the east. From 1997 to 2010, the farmland area in Chongqing was obviously reduced, the amplitude contraction achieves 29.92%, in which dry land reduced 33.05%, paddy field reduced 24.25%. At the same time, the woodland area increased significantly, from 29 580.1 km2 to 44 834.5 km2, increase of 51.57%. Farmland was the main source of woodland growth, which accounted for 86.45% of the total area of transferring to woodland.
    Plant Protection
    Isolation and Identification of Fusarium solani from Polygonatum kingianum
    YANG Lin-yi, CEHN Ze-li, LAI Qing-yu, CEHN Lu, SUN Yan, TANG Zhao-hui, ZHAO Ming-fu, WEN Guo-song
    2019, 58(3):  65-67.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.018
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    A pathogen from Polygonatum kingianum was isolated by pathogen isolation method, and identification of the pathogen was carried out by Koch's rule, morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis. The results show that the single colony mycelium of the pathogenic strain is white, the back is light yellow, and the mycelium is flocculent and flourishes. The conidia of the pathogenic strain have two forms, the large conidia are sickle-shaped or columnar, and the small conidia are oval or kidney-shaped. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani from the morphological, pathogenicity and ITS sequence analysis of the strains.
    Horticulture & Local Products
    Landscape Appreciation of Fifty Dahlia Species in Xi'an Area
    LI Ren-na, LI yan, WANG Hong, ZHAO Ning, LI Yang, LU Qiang-qiang, YANG Qun-li
    2019, 58(3):  68-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.019
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    The ornamental quality of Dahlia pinnata Cav. in Xi'an Botanical Garden was evaluated to provide references for the cultivation and breeding of D. pinnata Cav. in Xi'an. The main characteristics of fifty Dahlia species such as flower diameter, pedicel length, plant height and single flowering period were evaluated by grey system. After dimensionless treatment, the ornamental quality of Dahlia in Xi'an was evaluated and sorted by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the correlation degree of Yun Look Lotus Peak,Love in snow with ideal species was 0.80. The comprehensive performance of index factors was the best, and the ornamental quality of Dahlia was the best. According to the characteristics of Dahlia cultivars, the application suggestions were put forward.
    Research on Ancient Tree Resources and Cultural Characteristics of Dalu Village,Guangxi
    YANG Shu-min, LI Zai-liu, HE Jia-qi, GUO Song
    2019, 58(3):  73-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.020
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    In order to excavate the resources and culture of ancient trees in Dalu village, one of the three oldest villages in Guangxi, the field investigation is applied to study the species, numbers, resource structure, distribution characteristics and cultural connotation of ancient trees in Dalu village. The result shows there are 24 ancient trees in total in Dalu village, including 15 Class II and 9 Class III trees, belonging to 3 families, 3 genera and 4 species. And Litchi chinensis has the largest number, which reflects the practicability of fruit tree greening in traditional villages in Guangxi. The existing ancient trees are relatively concentrated in the vicinity of Huoer building, Sanda hall and Banyan pond, reflecting the local geomancy pattern of village buildings with trees as mountains, left and right to protect gables, fronting water and with hills on the back, and seven stars with the moon. The ancient tree culture of Dalu village is rich in connotation. Among them, Cinnamomum camphora has a healthy and auspicious religious culture. Litchi chinensis means "red top as the head". Ficus altissima and Cinnamomum camphora means "pen, ink and articles", which expresses Lao's ancestors good wishes —— posterity will read to be officers. Finally, several suggestions of the protection publicity, maintenance management, landscape construction and tourism development are put forward for the protection and development of ancient trees. It provides a reference for the sustainable use of ancient tree resources in Dalu village.
    Variety Comparative Test of Nine Lentinula edodes L808 Strains
    CAI Jing, CHANG Kun, LI Shi-hua, LI Jun, LIU Jie, LI Wei-min, ZHANG Jiu-ling, XIAO Yan, TIAN Ji-cheng
    2019, 58(3):  77-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.021
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    Variety comparative experiment were used in 9 Lentinula edodes L808 strains, the results showed that N0.9 L808 was with advantages of high yield, good quality and high stress resistance, and suitable for cultivation in Fang couty area.
    Comparative Analysis of Growing Development of Different Turnip Varieties in Tibet
    LI Jing, ZHUOMA Qu-cuo, WANG Zhong-hong, JING Zhi-hao
    2019, 58(3):  80-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.022
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    The trial is assaied on the fresh weight of upper ground, fresh weight of underground, plant height, leaf length and width ratio, leaf area and relative content of chlorophyll in leaves of two local turnip(Brassica rapa L.) varieties in three growth stages of seedling, fleshy root bulge and harvest, which were collected from Nyemo county, Lhasa and Qusum county, Shannan. The results showes that there was a significant difference between the growth and development indexes at the same period of birth,of which the local turnip varieties in Nyemo county, Lhasa were better, and could be further used as the materials for the development and utilization of the germplasm resources of the turnip in Tibet.
    Analysis of Planting Model in Rocky Area Foot Based on Gynostemma pentaphyllum
    FENG Shi-xin, YAN Zhi-gang, LI Li, QIN Zhen-hua
    2019, 58(3):  83-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.023
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    Aiming to investigate the ecological effects and economic effects of different planting patterns of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino on rocky areas, taking double cropping maize planting pattern as the control, three planting patterns including G. pentaphyllum, G. pentaphyllum-persimmon, G. pentaphyllum-mulberry were set to analyze the ecological effect and economic benefit, including vegetation coverage, water content, bulk density, porosity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. The results showed that, three planting patterns of G. pentaphyllum can improve vegetation coverage; The planting patterns of G. pentaphyllum-mulberry and G. pentaphyllum-persimmon can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, improve soil water holding capacity; The planting pattern of G. pentaphyllum-mulberry can improve the soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. The economic benefit was the best for the planting pattern of G. pentaphyllum-mulberry. The planting pattern of G. pentaphyllum-mulberry is suitable for promoting in the rocky mountain area.
    The Effects Analysis of Tobacco Making Thread Parameters on Phenol in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke
    LIU Ru-can, DAI Ya, ZHANG Yan, TAO Wen-sheng, LI Zhao-rong, WANG Yi, ZHU Cong-rong, YANG Wen-min, ZHOU Sheng, WANG Chang-guo
    2019, 58(3):  87-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.024
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    A mathematical model is established by tobacco making thread process parameters to the emission of phenol in mainstream smoke. The principal-factor effect, single-factor effect, marginal effect and double-factor effect of the model are analyzed. The results show that, the contribution order for the phenol emission is the tobacco cut width>the hot air damper opening>the temperature of cylinder wall>the HT operating steam pressure>the hot-air temperature>the revolving speed of casing cylinder. There should be a negative correlation between the phenol emission exhibit and the HT operating steam pressure, the tobacco cut width, whereas the phenol emission exhibited a positive correlation with the other factors. Strong interactive influence existed between the hot-air temperature and the temperature of cylinder wall, the temperature of cylinder wall and the revolving speed of casing cylinder. Increasing the tobacco cut width, improving HT operating steam pressure, or reducing the other factors on the control of the emission of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke have a positive effect.
    Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
    Effects of Fertization on Tillering and Nutrient of Leymus chinensis
    LIANG Min, YANG Rui-xia, XU Xing, FENG Yan, MA Hai-zhen, ZHAO Kai, MAO Gui-lian
    2019, 58(3):  91-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.025
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    In order to promote the dentition, the amount of tillers increasing and grass production of Leymus chinensis, the morphological indicators and nutrient composition of L. chinensis under different fertilizer treatments with three different transplanting methods were studied. The results showed that different fertilization treatments were beneficial for the vegetative growth of of L. chinensis. In the same transplanting method, the numbers of stems, tillers, nitrogen absorption, phosphorus absorption and potassium absorption as well as crude protein, crude fat, ash and yield of T2(N 120 kg/hm2,P2O5 120 kg/hm2,K2O 60 kg/hm2) were higher compared with the other treatments, and crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract content of T2 treatment were lower than the other treatments. The nutritional value of field seedlings transplanting in L. chinensis was the highest among three transplanting methos. It suggested that appropriate NPK ratio and reasonable cultivation methods could significantly increase the nutritional value and yield of L. chinensis.
    Detection Analysis
    A Toxin Protein Quantitative Detection Method for Bacillus Thuringrensis Subsp. Israelensis
    JIN Hai-yan,HU Ling-yun,LIU He-mei,ZHOU Li,HU Xiao,CHENG Zhi-guo,LI Qing,LIU Hua-mei
    2019, 58(3):  96-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.026
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    To provide a quantitative detection method for toxin protein of Bacillus thuringrensis subsp. israelensis (Bti),and to improve the quality control technique. The samples of Bacillus thuringrensis subsp. israelensis were washed in water with a certain concentration of phosphoric acid buffer solution, and the residue of culture medium was removed. The bacterial toxin protein collected after centrifugation was detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and the content was determined. The key problem of the determination of impurity interfering toxin protein in the sample was solved by washing the sample with phosphoric acid buffer and water. This method can accurately detect and quantify the two major molecular weight toxin proteins of Bacillus thuringrensis subsp. israelensis. The method was used to detect the subspecies of Bacillus thuringrensis subsp. israelensis. The results were reproducible, the detection error could be controlled within 5% of the average value, and there was a significant correlation between the detection results and the biological titer of the products. The method is reasonable in conception and simple in operation, and can provide reference for further product quality management.
    Application Research on the Safety Evaluation of Reconstituted Tobacco Products with Production Recycle-Water
    XU Jiang-hong, YU Hong-tao, LIU Jian-ping, GUAN Ping, JI Song-yi, KUANG Zhi-min, WANG Hao-ya
    2019, 58(3):  102-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.027
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    In order to study the safety of recycle-water produced by reconstituted tobacco production wastewater treatment and reuse systems for the safety of reconstituted tobacco products, in this paper, there were three in vitro toxicology tests,the bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames test),neutral red uptake assay, and in vitro micronucleus assay,which performed on reconstituted tobacco products produced from purified water. The results showed that the purified water reused after the zero discharge system of reconstituted tobacco production wastewater was suitable for the production of reconstituted tobacco products. The test results provide technical support for the industrial application of the zero discharge system of production wastewater.
    Information Engineering
    A Cloud-GIS Based Evaluation Model on the Risk Degree of Flooding Induced by Environmental Factors
    LU Fei-yue, HE Ya-bo, CHANG Xiu-feng
    2019, 58(3):  106-110.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.028
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    According to the characteristics of flood villages in mountainous areas in China, from two aspects of the disaster causing factors and the environment of pregnancy, this paper studies the impact of the limit rainfall level, the rainfall level in the flood season, the slope, the debris flow and so on on the natural environment hazard of the flood disaster, and establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of the natural environment hazard based on the cloud model. At the same time, the GIS system is used to measure and visualize the spatial index data and attribute data, and the hazard assessment model of the natural environment of flood is established, which provides the basis for the government to construct the early warning and disaster response system.Taking Shennongjia forest region as an example, we use cloud -GIS model to evaluate the natural environment risk of flood. The analysis results show that the most dangerous natural environment of flood disaster in Shennongjia forest region is Muyu town. There is a high risk in Yangri Town, the southern part of Dajiuhu Town and the southeastern part of Songbai Town, and we need to guard against them. The risk of natural disasters in other towns is relatively low. The southern part of Xinhua Township, the northwestern part of Songbai Town and Xiaguping Township are the least dangerous.
    Development of Image-based Classroom Attendance System
    ZHU Xiao-meng, FU Yun-qin
    2019, 58(3):  111-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.029
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    Calling the roll used to be manual statistics, which is wasting time in class. The class attendance system based on image can not only save time but also improve the intelligence of school management. The whole image class roll-call system can be divided into five functional modules:training student's face model module, image model module which can detect class face, image of loading detection for face recognition module and the results of the data display and so on. A system can save a lot of time and make class attendance more rapid and efficient, so as to improve the teaching quality and manage student attendance record more intelligently.
    Agricultural Economics
    Research Status and Situation Analysis of Sharing Economic Field Based on Citespace
    ZHANG Yun
    2019, 58(3):  116-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.030
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    Using the visual science measurement software CiteSpaceV, 811 shared economic related research literatures from 2007 to 2017 included in CNKI were analyzed. Through research cooperation network analysis, author cooperation analysis and keyword co-occurrence network analysis, the research institutions, research hotspots and research frontiers in the domestic shared economy are analyzed to further clarify the research status, development trends and existing problems in the sharing economy to provide suggestions and guidance for further promoting the sustainable development of the sharing economy. The results show that there are 46 research institutions in the sharing economy, and the main institutions are concentrated in major research institutions, mainly of economics and management. In recent years, scholars studying the sharing economy have increased, but most researchers are still in relatively independent research state, cooperation is relatively rare; the field of shared economic research mainly focuses on issues such as shared economic models, shared enterprises, national policies, and credit systems.
    Present Situation and Countermeasures Analysis of Special Agricultural Products in Shaanxi:Based on 4P Marketing Strategies
    DANG Yang-xing, WANG Xiao-di
    2019, 58(3):  121-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.031
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    Characteristic agricultural products have distinct regional characteristics and competitive advantages, and is an important part of the strategy to realize the prosperous development of agricultural industry and rural revitalization. Based on the 4P marketing perspective,the current situation of the development of Shaanxi characteristic agricultural products was analysed, and some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the marketing level of special agricultural products in Shaanxi, promote the regional agricultural upgrading and increase farmers 'income.
    Empirical Study on the Evaluation of Low Carbon Competitiveness of Shanxi Province
    GUO Rui-jie, SHI Xue-qiao, DUAN Yu-jie
    2019, 58(3):  125-131.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.032
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    Responding to global changes and promoting low-carbon development has become an important issue in the development of all countries in the world today. In order to systematically and effectively evaluate the development of regional low-carbon competitiveness, the DPSIR model is used to establish a low-carbon competitiveness evaluation index system based on the theory of low-carbon economy, and the index weight coefficient is determined by the entropy weight method, based on the traditional ideal solution. The gray theory was introduced to establish the gray ideal correlation analysis evaluation model. The cross-sectional data of Shanxi Province from 2006 to 2015 was empirically studied, and the comprehensive evaluation results proposed countermeasures to improve the low carbon competitiveness of Shanxi Province.
    Rural Revitalization
    Research on the Model of Farmer Cooperative Participation in Poverty Reduction:Take Xinzheng Fengnonglinguo Cooperative as An Example
    SUN Jia-jia
    2019, 58(3):  132-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.033
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    The participation of farmer cooperative in precision poverty alleviation is an important measure for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Henan Xinzheng Fengnonglinguo Cooperatives solve the poverty problems in their areas by means of employment, dividends, industrial poverty alleviation and technical poverty alleviation.Therefore,the way of poverty alleviation by Fengnonglinguo cooperative was analysed and the role played by analysis in poverty alleviation,and thenthe model of farmer cooperative participation in poverty alleviation was constructed.
    Research on the Development Level of Agricultural Modernization in Luzhou City Based on Mean Square Error Weight Method
    TANG Liang, ZENG Qing-shuang
    2019, 58(3):  136-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.034
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    The mean square error weight method was used to analyze and evaluate the development level of agricultural modernization in Luzhou city. The results show that the overall level of agricultural modernization development in Luzhou is close to the average level of Sichuan province, but the level of agricultural input, agricultural output and rural social development are still low. It is recommended that Luzhou city increase agricultural input and improve agricultural efficiency; use resources to develop characteristic agriculture; introduce technology and talents, and develop modern agriculture.
    Research on the Factors Affecting Farmers' Homestead Withdrawal Intention under Multiple Compensation Levels:Taking Chongqing as an Example
    CAO Xiu-ling
    2019, 58(3):  140-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.035
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    Using the data of the surveys of 9 districts and counties around Chongqing, combined with the Logistic statistical model, the withdraw compensation of farmers' homesteads in Chongqing and its influencing factors are analyzed. The results show that there are positive or negative correlations between farmers' personal characteristics, family characteristics, homestead and basic housing conditions, and the cognitive factors of homestead utility with the compensation for farmer's homestead withdraw. Due to the difference of ideological concepts and life environment among different withdraw subjects, the degree of impact of each category factor differ. Differentiating compensation mechanisms for rural homesteads should be established for different levels of compensation and different ideological dynamics and objective reality of micro-subjects.
    Study on the Relationship between Urbanization Level and Cultivated Land Area Change:A Case of Shandong Province
    SI Ran
    2019, 58(3):  146-149.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.036
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    Based on the correlation coefficient and regression model, the relationship between urbanization rate and cultivated land area in Shandong province from 2010 to 2016 was analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between urbanization rate and cultivated land area in Shandong province. The rate of cultivation has gradually decreased. Based on the analysis of the impact of urbanization construction in Shandong province on cultivated land and landless farmers, the countermeasures and suggestions for ensuring food security and social and economic sustainable development in Shandong province were put forward.
    Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers' Willingness to Transfer Land under the Background of "Three Rights Separation":Based on a Survey of 645 Farmers in Hubei Province
    PENG Kai-li, SONG Yan-hua, CHEN Yan, TANG Rui
    2019, 58(3):  150-155.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.037
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    This study analyzes the related factors based on the investigation of 645 households in 10 counties and districts of Hubei Province. The disordered multi-class logistic regression model was used to empirically analyze the factors affecting farmers' transfer to land, transfer of land and non-transfer land. The conclusions show that ①In the study area, the land transfer phenomenon of farmers is more active. Among the respondents, 58.5% of the farmers indicated that they have a willingness to transfer. At the same time, 53.9% of the affected households have participated in the land transfer, but the circulation form is still relatively simple, mainly by renting to the relatives, friends and neighbors, the rent is low, and the effect is poor. ②The farmer's willingness to transfer land is affected by many factors. Compared with the land transfer, those who are younger, with higher expects in future agriculture, the agricultural income accounting for a higher proportion in family, with endowment insurance are more willing to transfer to land; those with better contracted land quality, higher proportion of agricultural income, and had never participated in the transfer of agricultural land, do not know the "three rights separation" are more reluctant to transfer land; ③To a certain extent, the implementation of the "three rights separation" affects the farmers' willingness to cognition and behavioral decision-making. In view of the research conclusions, it is proposed to establish a more perfect rural land transfer market; strengthen the propaganda of the "three rights separation" policy, formulate relevant legal and regulatory policies and policy recommendations, etc., to ensure the smooth operation of the rural collective land property rights system, and promote the orderly transfer of farmland and the smooth transfer of rural surplus labor.
    Analysis on the Operation Efficiency of Family Farms with Different Business Models:An Empirical Study Based on Zhejiang Province
    YU Bo, HE Hong-guang
    2019, 58(3):  156-161.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.03.038
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    Taking the family farm in Zhejiang province as an example, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to select the input and output data of 193 family farms to measure and compare the operating efficiency of family farms under different business models. The results show that the scale efficiency of family farms is good, and the low efficiency of pure technology is the main factor leading to the low efficiency of family farms. The operating efficiency of family farms varies greatly under different business models, and the overall "family farm+market" model shows better operational efficiency; more than 70% of farms on family farms show an increase in scale returns; the relative redundancy of land, labor, and capital investment is the main reason for the non-DEA of family farms.