HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research progress on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Sophorae flavescentis radix

SU Jia-sheng, LI Xiao-xia, JIANG Ya-xian, LIU Xiao, WANG Zhi-ping

2021, 60(1): 5-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.001

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Sophorae flavescentis radix has anti-inflammatory,analgesic,bacteriostatic,antiviral,antitumor and other pharmacological effects.The correlational research of chemical compositions,pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Sophorae flavescentis radix was summarized and analysised,in order to provide references for its further research,development and utilization.

Study on compensation effect of crop rewatering for drought

TANG Jian, FENG Juan, LIU Yun-fei

2021, 60(1): 10-13. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.002

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China's water resources are unevenly distributed,and drought seriously affects agricultural production.Many studies have shown that after a certain degree of drought stress,rehydrated crops will gradually return to normal growth state,and even accelerate the growth of crops,showing compensation effect.However,the extent of compensation to crops and how to adjust agricultural irrigation system according to the compensation effect and reduce the adverse effects of drought stress on agricultural production need to be clarified.Through summarizing the related research on the effects of drought rewatering compensation effect on the physiology,morphology and yield of various crops,the growth characteristics of crops after rewatering were further understood,which provided certain theoretical reference for improving the research on compensation effect of crop drought rewatering.

Effects of planting densities and nitrogen application rates on yield of cotton variety Gangmian No.10

ZHANG Hua-chong, YAN Zhen-hua, ZHAO Shu-qi, HUANG Xiao-li, DAI Bao-sheng, LI Wei

2021, 60(1): 14-16. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.003

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To study effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on yield of cotton variety Gangmian No.10,the factors of nitrogen application rates and planting density were designed with three levels in this experiment.The results showed that nitrogen application rates,planting density and their interactions had highly significant effects on the yield of Gangmian No.10.When the density was 33 000 plants/hm² and nitrogen application rates was 225 kg/hm²,the yield was the highest.

Effect of cold waterlogged field improvement on root growth and yield of rice

YANG Kang, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, QU He-ping, LIU Wei, YANG Han, QIN Xiao-yin, HUANG Zhi-mou

2021, 60(1): 17-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.004

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Taking the cold waterlogged field in Xianning city of Hubei province as the test object,the different improvement measures were integrated to form a complete set of technical models,and the best choice of the cold waterlogged field improvement model was studied through field experiments.The conventional technology model (CK) was used as a control to study the effects of micro-fertilizer technology models (T1) and warm field technology models (T2) on the root development,dry matter content and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in cold-soaked fields.The results showed that T1 and T2 could promote root growth and development,increase dry matter content,the ratio of roots and shoots,and the yield of rice.Compared with CK,T1 increased yeild by 12.98% and T2 increased yeild by 21.41%.In summary,the integration of different cold waterlogged field improvement measures can enhance the root morphology development,increase the dry matter content of rice,and achieve a significant increase in yield.Among them,T2 reduces the impact of cold water stagnation through integrated trenching and drainage measures,and the yield increase effect is better than T1.

Study on the nitrogen and phosphorous removal effects on eutrophic water by aquatic plants and Daphnia magna

ZHANG Chun-xue, WANG Han-yang, WEI Xiao-cheng, ZHENG Xiang-qun, YANG Bo

2021, 60(1): 20-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.005

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To improve the deficiencies of traditional bioremediation technology and further develop the combined bioremediation technology,based on the biomanipulation theory and the aquatic plant restoration theory,combining with current status of target water bodies,the effects of single organisms and the combination of two organisms on the restoration of eutrophic water were investigated by taking Daphnia magna as the representative of filter-feeding animals,Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ceratophyllum demersum as the representatives of submerged plants.The results showed that D.magna could reduce the concentration of total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (NO₃^--N) in water,but not significantly.The concentration of ammonia (NH₄⁺-N) increases with the density of D.magna.The reduction effect of M.aquaticum and C.demersum on TN,TP,NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N was significant,especially M.aquaticum’s.Compared with the single D.magna treatment,the submerged plants - D.magna combined treatment has better inhibitory effect on the water nutrients.Both M.aquaticum and C.demersum can significantly inhibit the increase of NH₄⁺-N concentration caused by the excretion and death of D.magna.Among them,the combination of low-density D.magna (25 ind/L) and M.aquaticum has the most significant reduction effect.

Cause analysis of vegetation coverage decline in Dongting lake area

HAN Qin-zhe, SHAO Jia-li, CHEN Lei-shi, ZHOU Bi

2021, 60(1): 27-31. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.006

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Vegetation coverage and water area were calculated based on EOS/MODIS and FY-3 /MERSI satellite data,combined with surface classification data,meteorological data,nighttime light image,Hunan statistical yearbook data,through quantitative calculation,to explore the climatic and anthropogenic causes of vegetation coverage decline of different surface types in Dongting lake area.The results showed that the decrease of vegetation coverage in Dongting lake area from 2000 to 2019 was mainly concentrated in paddy fields,population gathering areas and wetland areas;From the perspective of climate impact,vegetation decline in paddy fields and population gathering areas was closely related to less precipitation in May to August,the decreased area of wetland vegetation coverage was related to climate change and water area,the decrease degree of vegetation coverage was more closely related to the change of water area,and water storage in the Three Gorges could reduce the impact of water on wetland vegetation.From the perspective of human factors,the vegetation coverage of paddy field,population gathering area and wetland was respectively affected by the agricultural planting structure,regional GDP,nighttime light index,and poplar cutting.

Spatial-temporal variable characteristics of climate in the eastern Hexi corridor during the recent sixty years

LUO Xiao-ling, LI Yan-ying, YANG Mei, NIE Xin

2021, 60(1): 32-36. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.007

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Based on the date of four weather stations’temperature,precipitation,strong wind and sandstorm in Wuwei city of Gansu province from 1959 to 2018,its spatial-temporal variable characteristics were analyzed using linear tendency estimation,slip t-examine,wavelet method,power spectrum,et al.The results showed that the annual mean temperature increased constantly with an interannual propensity rate of 0.40 ℃/10a,and this warming trend was sudden.The seasonal warming speed from high to low was winter,autumn,spring and summer.The spatial variation was characterized by a faster warming speed in the north-central than in the south.Precipitation showed fluctuation increasing trend with an interannual propensity rate of 6.1 mm/10a.Except for autumn,precipitation in other seasons showed an increasing trend,and increase rate from big to small was summer,spring and winter.The spatial variation of precipitation was fast in the south and slow in the middle.There was a downward trend in windy weather with an interannual propensity rate of -0.4 d/10a.The decrease in spring winds offset the increase in winter,and the most significant decrease was in summer.Spatial change of strong wind showed an increasing trend in the south and a decreasing trend in the north-central.The sandstorm significantly reduced with an interannual propensity rate of -2.8 d/10a,and its reduced speed from big to small was spring and summer,winter,autumn.In space,there was a gradual increase in the speed reduction of sandstorm from south to north.The trend of warm and humid climate in Wuwei city was obvious.The wind and sandstorm have been significantly reduced,the ecological environment has been improved with the increase of comprehensive management of the Shiyang river basin.

Main characteristics of climate and its impact on agriculture in Hubei province in 2019

LIU Ke-qun, ZHOU Jin-lian

2021, 60(1): 37-41. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.008

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Meteorological disasters in Hubei province in 2019 were severe.The annual average temperature was 17.1 ℃,0.7 ℃ higher than the normal year.The temperature from late July to mid-November was 1 ℃ higher than the normal year,of which the temperature in the area from Yichang to the east of Xiangyang was 1.5 to 2.8 ℃ higher than the normal year.The average precipitation was 906.1 mm,25% less than the normal year,of which the precipitation from July to September was 174.2 mm,above 50% less than the normal year.The annual sunshine hours were 1 544.3 hours,8.8% less than the normal year,which was more in March,July,August and September,and less in other months.The two major meteorological disasters in 2019 were high temperature with continuing drought in autumn and low temperature with continuing rainfall in winter,which were the most serious disasters in Hubei province in the past 70 years.The high temperature with continuing drought in autumn resulted in a 7.93% reduction in the total output of autumn grain compared with the previous year.The low temperature with continuing rainfall in winter caused low temperature and high humidity in greenhouse,serious diseases in facility agriculture and high seedling mortality.

Determination of freezing injury index in dormancy period of winter jujube trees cultivated by open-air

SUN Ai-liang

2021, 60(1): 42-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.009

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By investigating the occurrence of freezing injury in winter dormancy period of winter jujube trees cultivated in the open air from 1990 to 2019 in Huanghua city,Hubei province,and comparing the occurrence of strong cooling weather process with extreme lowest air temperature T_min≤-13.0 ℃ in the same period,five meteorological factors,which may have a great influence on the freeze injury of winter jujube trees during dormancy,were selected,including the extreme lowest temperature T_min,the duration,the duration days of T_min≤-13.0 ℃,the duration days of T_min≤-15.0 ℃ and the duration days of T_min≤-17.0 ℃.Four significant factors were selected by stepwise regression method to establish the function equation,and each factor was analyzed in combination with the occurrence of freeze injury in dormancy period of winter jujube trees over the years.The agrometeorological index of freeze injury in dormancy period of winter jujube trees was obtained.The results showed that the influence factors of extreme weather on the freeze injury of winter jujube were not only T_min,but also the duration days of T_min≤-13.0 ℃,T_min≤-15.0℃ and T_min≤-17.0℃,respectively.When the extreme lowest temperature T_min≤-13.0 ℃ lasts for 2 days,and T_min≤-15.0 ℃ lasts for 1 day,slight freezing injury will occur;When T_min≤-13.0 ℃ lasts for more than 3 days,and T_min≤-15.0 ℃ lasts for 1 to 2 days,moderate frost damage will occur;When the extreme temperature T_min≤-15.0 ℃ lasts for more than 2 days or the extreme minimum temperature ≤-17.0 ℃ lasts for more than 1 day,severe frost damage will occur.The established indexes of frost damage were backtested.Combined with the literature,the frost damage of winter jujube trees producing areas such as Tianjin city and Shandong province was examined.The comprehensive fitting rate reached 78.5%,which indicated that the established indexes had practical production guidance significance.

Study on the evolution of land use structure in Hegang city under the background of urban shrinkage

GENG Cong, DONG Hui-he, WU Si-yu

2021, 60(1): 46-52. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.010

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Based on landsat satellite remote sensing image and supported by ENVI and ArcGIS technology,Markov transfer matrix,barycenter transfer model and quadrant analysis method were used to study the changes of land use structure in the central urban area of the shrinking city Hegang from 2011 to 2016.The results showed that,from 2001 to 2016,the population of Hegang city kept losing,while the land for construction continued to increase.The change in quantity of land use types was “two increases and two decreases”,and the spatial distribution pattern basically remained unchanged.The transfer amount of cultivated land and forest land was large,and the transfer amount of water area was the smallest.The main source and destination of cultivated land were all forest land.Construction land expanded to occupy a large area of arable land,but the most transfer amount was changed for arable land,forest land.Among all types of land,the largest distance of shift of the center of gravity was the water area,and the smallest was the cultivated land.The center of gravity of cultivated land shifted to the southeast,and the center of gravity of construction land shifted to the southwest.The transfer direction of the two was opposite.The spatial evolution of construction land showed the characteristic of “north retreat and south expansion”,and the land in the Xing’an district has undergone dramatic changes.Construction land contracted mainly along the coal industry belt and rural settlements.

Analysis on raindrop size distribution of typical stations in China during rainy season

LIU Zhen, WU Xue-yuan, YU Yu, REN Zhi-hua

2021, 60(1): 53-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.011

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By using the data observed by laser raindrop spectrometer between 2018 and 2019,the raindrop size distribution characteristics of typical stations,which were selected by regions in China,were analyzed.The results show that,the correlation coefficients for hourly rainfall intensities calculated from minute raindrop spectrometer data and rain gauge data respectively,all exceeded 0.92,and the average differences were negative and increased with rainfall intensity.The frequency percentage patterns of different raindrop diameter classes showed double peaks,but the quality percentage patterns showed multi peaks.The contribution present to number concentration of small raindrop with a diameter less than 1 mm was 77.8%,however,the contribution present to rainfall intensity only was 18.1%.Large raindrop with a diameter more than 2 mm,contributed 2.6% to number concentration and 41.8% to rainfall intensity.When taking the effect of raindrop velocity into account,the contribution of small raindrop increased 9.7 percent,meanwhile the contributions of middle and large raindrop decreased.With decreased of rainfall intensity,the number concentrations of large raindrop decreased,the super large raindrops disappeared,and raindrop spectral width became narrow.However,variations on number concentrations of small raindrop differed by stations.

Calculation of agricultural carbon emission and analysis of influencing factors in China：Research based on the data of provincial panel

ZHANG Song-xin

2021, 60(1): 60-64. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.012

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Based on the provincial panel data,the agricultural carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity in China was estimated,and the spatial differences and temporal trends was analyzed.At the same time,according to Kaya identity and LMDI index decomposition method,the factors that have significant impact on China’s agricultural carbon emissions were summarized.The results showed that from 2000 to 2018,the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions,the level of non-urbanization and human resources investment were the main factors to curb carbon emissions,while the agricultural structure,agricultural production efficiency and economic scale were the main promoting factors of carbon emissions.

Effects of selenium fertilizer with trunk injection on selenium content and quality of Kyoho grape

WAN Hai-ying, LONG Lan, YIN Hong-qing, TIAN Teng-fei, PI Lei

2021, 60(1): 65-67. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.013

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In order to study the effects of different amounts of selenium on selenium content and quality of Kyoho grape,selenium fertilizer was applied with trunk injection.The results showed that the selenium content of fresh fruits,leaves and main stems was significantly increased by injecting different concentrations of selenium fertilizer into the trunk,reaching 0.035,1.466 and 1.476 mg/kg,respectively.The single fruit weight and the content of soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid,VC,citric acid and malonic acid increased,and the content of titratable acid,oxalic acid and succinic acid decreased by applying selenium fertilizer with trunk injection.The most significant correlation with the amount of selenium fertilizer was oxalic acid(-0.861) and malonic acid(0.832).It illustrated that the selenium content and the quality of grape fruits were significantly improved,and the content of organic acids in the fruits were affected,especially the content of oxalic acid and malonic acid by trunk injection of selenium fertilizer.According to comprehensive analysis,the trunk injection of 50 mg/L was the best treatment.

Provenance selection and biological characteristics of fruit type Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.

FANG Yi, BI Yong, LI Xiao-chun, HU Yan-bo, LIU Xiang-lin

2021, 60(1): 68-71. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.014

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The research results of Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.were summarized from resource selection and biological characteristics.In terms of provenance selection,on the basis of selecting high-quality provenances of A.trifoliate and A.trifoliata subsp.Australis,selecting superior plants from high yield,quality and stress resistance,improving edible rate and realizing seedless are the key points of breeding.In terms of biological characteristics,four aspects were summarized,including phenology,stem and vine growth,flower bud differentiation,flowering and fruit development.

Study on main meteorological and biochemical factors of quality formation of gold spring tea at different altitudes in Baojing

XIAO Jian, LIU Hui, ZHENG Fu-wei, LIU Song, QING Xiang-tao

2021, 60(1): 72-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.015

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Using the meteorological data of Baojing Golden village's different altitude meteorological stations from 2016 to 2018,the meteorological conditions and tea quality characteristics of Baojing gold tea growth stages were studied.The results showed that,with increasing altitude,the temperature decreased by 0.3 ℃/100 m,the annual precipitation increased by 106.2 mm/100 m,and the annual sunshine hours were 47 hours/100 m in tea garden valley area.The effective accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 5 ℃ played the role in indication for spring tea harvest time.Baojing gold tea located at an altitude of 360m had the best quality and was superior to other well-known teas.The tea polyphenols was positively correlated with altitude,the effective accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 5 ℃ and the sunshine hours (their correlation coefficients are all 0.98).The ratio of phenol to ammonia was positively correlated with the total precipitation in the first half of the year (the correlation coefficient is 0.94).Caffeine was negatively correlated with altitude,the effective accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 5 ℃ and the sunshine hours (their correlation coefficients are -0.96,-0.96,-0.95,respectively).

Effect of threshing and redrying intensity on aroma components of tobacco leaves

LI Tian-cheng, WANG Jian-min, OU Ming-yi, XU Hong-qing, WU You-xiang, LI Rui-li, ZHANG Wang-xing, YANG Yang

2021, 60(1): 77-79. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.016

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In order to study the changes of aroma components under different conditions of threshing and redrying,the differences of aroma components of C3F grade Cuibi No.1 tobacco leaves before and after redrying were analyzed by simultaneous distillation and extraction combining with GC/MS.Results showed that,leaf threshing and redrying had significant effect on the content of aroma substance;After redrying,the content of aroma substance increased,and the increase was the largest at high leaf threshing strength and low redrying strength;The increase of fatty acids,phenols,alcohols,nitrogen-containing heterocycles and esters was higher than that of the total amount of fragrance substances,while the increase of furans,aldehydes and ketones was lower than that of the total amount of fragrance substances.High intensity threshing and low intensity redrying are beneficial to the transformation and retention of aroma components and improve the sensory quality of tobacco.

Screening, identification and the growth-promoting ability for mulberry growth-promoting bacteria

YANG Tong-yi, DU Qiu-xia, LIU Jing-fei, ZHAI De-li, LIU Yan-peng, ZHAO Wei-guo

2021, 60(1): 80-84. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.017

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In this study,a strain G2 with the ability to promote growth was isolated from mulberry rhizosphere soil.After morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing comparison,the strain was identified as Pseudomonas schneideri.The effects of different pH value and culture time on the growth promoting ability of G2 strain were also studied.The results showed that the highest phosphorus dissolving ability of G2 was 17.96 mg/L at pH 7,and the secretion rate of IAA was faster before 48 h.Pot experiments showed that after inoculation with G2 solution diluted 100 times,the height,fresh weight,shoot dry weight and root dry weight of mulberry seedlings increased by 31.8%,38.5%,34.6% and 31.2%,respectively,compared with the control.The comprehensive analysis showed that G2 strain had strong growth promoting ability,which provided theoretical support for the development of mulberry microbial fertilizer.

Particle definition and measurement of cultural landscape

ZHAO Zhong-jian, LIANG Jun-lan

2021, 60(1): 85-91. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.018

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During the actural practice of cultural landscape design,the cultural landscape focuses on the systematic design and exploitation of landscape space after cultural materialization.The basic problems of cultural sharing and inheritance,fault and space,symbol and innovation constitute the basic logic of cultural landscape,which determines the success or failure of cultural landscape construction to a large extent.Cultural landscape always embodies the “clustering”characteristics of different cultural landscape elements or symbols,and the centrality and dispersion distribution characteristics among different elements or symbols,which constitute the unit attributes of cultural landscape.Based on this logic,the idea of cultural landscape particle is put forward:a specific cultural landscape unit with good influence,stable symbol space,reproducible and imitative,stable and open.On this basis,based on the weight analysis of cultural landscape elements,this paper proposes and analyzes the judgment model of rural cultural landscape particles,the calculation model of cultural landscape particle density,and the calculation model of cultural landscape particles,providing a new way of thinking for the quantitative analysis of cultural landscape particles.

Study on solid-state fermentation of kitchen waste to produce feedstuff

HAN Duan-dan, HONG Qi, JIANG Yang

2021, 60(1): 92-95. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.019

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Kitchen waste is perishable and plenty of organic compounds,and it can be transformed into feedstuff by solid-state fermentation,which provides a useful way for the reutilization of food waste.In this study,the target strain was screened from two yeast species and two trichoderma strains for the fermentation efficiency to product protein feedstuff.By production detection of crude protein and consumption detections of total sugar and reducing sugar,Aspergillus niger F3 was screened as the candidate.The results showed that the optimum fermentation process was fermentation temperature 30 ℃,initial pH 5.3,NaCl 2.5%.Under this condition,the crude protein content in fermentation product reached 31.53% and increased 22% compared with kitchen waste,which is in line with the requirements of the standard protein feedstuff.

Effect of Dachengqi decoction of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb on changes of serum endotoxin, NO and TNF-α content

YANG Gui-lin, LIU Cheng-tong, ZENG Hai-sheng, HE Si-lu, ZHOU Qi-ji, MO Xin-ying, CHEN Dong-lian, LU Yu-dan

2021, 60(1): 96-99. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.020

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Aiming to study the effect of Dachengqi decoction of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-α levels,105 experimental animals were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction group,positive control group,blank control group and model group with raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb.After 20 mL/kg dose administration,the contents of serum endotoxin,nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor were measured,and the effects of Dachengqi decoction of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor in mice were compared.Result showed that,Dachengqi decoction group of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb can increase the serum NO content of ABP mice.The Dachengqi decoction group of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb can reduce the serum endotoxin and TNF-ɑcontent of ABP mice.Dachengqi decoction with raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb has different effects on the content of endotoxin,NO and TNF-α.These changes correspond to the effect of Dachengqi decoction of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb,and the he change of the content of the ingredients has a certain influence and commonality on the efficacy of Dachengqi decoction to a certain extent.

Preparation of camellia seed oil face cream and evaluation of its acne removing effect

CHENG Jin-sheng, ZENG Xue-qi, CHEN Yan-fei, WAN Wei-hong, KE Jin-ying

2021, 60(1): 100-103. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.021

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Camellia seed oil was refined from tea seed oil,and then deionized water,glycerol and triethanolamine were used as water phase matrix.The refined camellia seed oil,glycerin,cetyl alcohol,lecithin and propolis were used as oil phase matrix to optimize the formulation of the cream,and the anti inflammatory test and skin control test of the prepared cream were carried out.It was found that when the ratio of deionized water to glycerin to cetyl alcohol to refined camellia seed oil was 25∶5∶5∶3,the cream was prepared by not only has good appearance and stability,but also anti-inflammatory experiments showed that the bacteriostatic circle of cream was obvious.Skin preparation of controlled trials showed that the cream of the mild acne removing effective rate was 77.78%.The results show that the facial cream with camellia seed oil as the main raw material has good stability and can remove moderate and mild acne.

Optimization of extraction process of bile acid from bile paste by orthogonal design

JI Min, LIN Bai-liang, DENG Sheng-ju, PENG Jian-bo, DU Wei, YU Mei-ling, WANG Dong-ying, HE Jia-kang

2021, 60(1): 104-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.022

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In order to optimize the extraction process of the bile acid in bile paste,the experiment used the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test design,and the total bile acid content was used as an indicator,the amount of 1∶1 hydrochloric acid,the amount of NaOH and the purification time of acid-base purification process were selected to determine the optimal process conditions,and compared with the traditional ethanol purification process.The results showed that the best extraction process of bile acid in bile paste was 1∶1 hydrochloric acid dosage 4 mL,NaOH dosage 0.2 g,and purification time 12 h.The preferred extraction process has the advantages of low production cost,short purification time,small required space,low equipment requirements,simple operation,no pollution to the environment,no use of flammable and explosive organic solvents,good safety,and more in line with the actual needs of industrial production.

Optimization of the prescription of compound Bamboo shavings plant solid beverage by central composite design-response surface test

LIU Ya-ting, LI Hui-yun, LI Ming-hui, FENG Lu-xing, TANG Yu-fei, CHEN Wei-wei

2021, 60(1): 108-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.023

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To optimize the prescription of compound Bamboo shavings plant solid beverage made from bamboo shavings,orange peel,Poria cocos,white root and dried ginger.Taking particle molding rate,moisture content and angle of repose as evaluation indexes,the ratio of diluent (mannitol∶dextrin) and dosage of diluent (dry paste powder∶diluent) are investigated by single factor test and star-point design-effect surface test to determine the best process prescription for solid drinks,and use the wet granulation method to prepare Bamboo shavings plant solid beverage.The results showed that the optimum molding parameters of Bamboo shavings plant solid beverage were the proportion of diluent 2.3∶1 and the amount of diluent 1.5∶1.Under the conditions of this process,the particle molding rate reached 94.30%,the moisture content was 1.44%,and the fluidity was good.This study can provide theoretical basis for the industrial production of compound Bamboo shavings plant solid beverage.

Development of quercetin composite prebiotic solid beverage and its effect on intestinal flora of mice

ZENG Yu-peng, LI Guo-kun, LU Xiao-dan, DING Jing-hua, SU Li-jie, CHEN Xiao-yi

2021, 60(1): 114-118. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.024

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Using quercetin and fructo oligosaccharide as the main materials,the optimal formula of quercetin composite prebiotic solid beverage was determined by the single-factor test and orthogonal test.Effects of quercetin composite prebiotic solid beverage on the proliferation of Enterococcus,Enterobacter,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were dynamically inspected.The experiment proved that the best formula of quercetin composite prebiotic solid beverage is 8 g fructo oligosaccharide,0.4 g quercetin,0.06 g citric acid and 0.15 g carboxymethyl cellulose.The beverage has good sensory qualities such as quercetin fragrance,moderate sourness and sweetness,and uniform color.In vitro flora proliferation tests show that fructo oligosaccharides,quercetin,and the quercetin composite prebiotic solid beverage can inhibit the proliferation of Enterococcus and Enterobacter,and can effectively promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.

Study on extraction and chemical constituents of volatile oil from the leaves of Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC

BO Xin-dang, YU Ke-yi

2021, 60(1): 119-123. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.025

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To investigate the extraction process and chemical compositions of the volatile oil from the leaves of Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC,ultrasonic assisted steam distillation was used to extract the volatile oil.The effects of ultrasonic time,distillation temperature and distillation time on the extraction rate of volatile oil were studied by single factor and orthogonal experiments.The constituents of the volatile oil were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of the volatile oil from the leaves of Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC in Henan province were as follows:ultrasonic time 30 minutes (ultrasonic power 100 W),distillation temperature 125 ℃,distillation time 7 h.The extraction rate of the volatile oil was 0.040 62%.56 chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,They mainly contain caryophyllene oxide (40.56%),(1S-cis)-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene (18.29%),caryophyllene (10.22%) and so on.This study provides a experimental basis for the utilization and further research of native plant resources.

A method for extraction of volatile components in Perilla frutescens by soxhlet extraction device with solid phase extraction

XU Yong, HUANG Hai-tao, LI Jing, LIU Xin, WANG Jin, YANG Ye-kun, KONG Wei-song

2021, 60(1): 124-130. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.026

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A soxhlet extraction device with solid-phase extraction was designed in this paper.The device was used to extract and analyze the volatile components in Perilla frutescens.The results showed that 75 volatile components were identified,which accounted for 95.64% of the total volatile components by quantiatived with peak area normalization.The main components were perilla ketone(56.16%)、caryophyllene(8.38%)、isodehydrogenisolone(8.11%)、caryophyllene oxide(4.03%),etc.There are 45 kinds of flavor components,which accounted for 88.66% of the total volatile components.The extraction,purification,and concentration were integrated and heating and extraction were performed in a closed environment in this device.which greatly simplified the sample preprocessing operation and effectively shortened the sample preprocessing cycle.It provides a rapid and reliable method for the analysis of volatile and semi volatile components of Perilla frutescens.

Analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables of Chengdu city production base

YIN Quan, LI Yi, LIU Wei, CHEN Min, CHEN Long-fei, YANG Xiao-feng

2021, 60(1): 131-134. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.027

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531 vegetable samples were collected from the vegetable bases of 20 districts and counties in Chengdu city from 2017 to 2019.66 kinds of pesticides were detected by GB 23200.19—2016,GB/T 5009.144—2003,SN/T 3643—2013 and NY/T 761—2008.The results were determined according to GB 2763—2016.The results showed that in all the samples,32 pesticide residues were detected in 92 vegetable samples,and the detection rate of pesticide was 17.33%.One sample exceeds the standard,nine samples detected banned pesticides chlorpyrifos and fipronil,the unqualified rate was 1.88%.Leaf vegetables accounted for 39.13% of the detected samples,and seven samples were unqualified,accounting for 70.00% of the total unqualified rate.Pesticide residues in vegetables are widely used,especially in leaf vegetables.It is necessary to strengthen pesticide quality management,strengthen standardized production management,improve pesticide residue limit standards,increase the investigation and disposal of banned pesticides,increase the frequency of detection in bases and markets,and reduce the impact of pesticide residues on human beings and the environment.

Designing and implementation of monitoring and analysis platform of rainstorm mesoscale system

YIN Xin-huai, CHEN Hong-zhuan, OU Xiao-feng, GAO Song, ZHONG Yan-wen

2021, 60(1): 135-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.028

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This paper introduced the compositions,main functional characteristics and applications of the monitoring and analysis platform of rainstorm mesoscale system.This platform integrates multiple commonly used data in business into one platform,by comprehensive utilizing computer technology,GIS,database as well as the meteorological professional analysis,the platform achieves the goal of monitoring and analysis the occurrence and development rainstorm mesoscale system quickly and efficaciously.Based on multiple data,the platform can monitor the mesoscale rain clusters and mesoscale systems of rainstorm,through the mesoscale filtering,automatic and interactive recognition of rainstorm mesoscale system,the platform can analyse its structural characteristics and its occurrence and development,based on multiple models and regional automatic meteorological station precipitation data,the platform also can correct the 6 h quantitative precipitation forecasting.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of lightning strike buildings group

CHEN Rui-ling, SHI Zheng, LI Jie, QU Kai-yue, XU Jia-lun

2021, 60(1): 141-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.029

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Using three-dimensional pilot parametric discharge scheme to keep the basic parameters of the scheme unchanged.By changing the random parameters of lightning,the development patterns of different lightning under the same building (group) conditions are simulated.Then change the size and spacing of two buildings to obtain the data of different lightning under different building (group) conditions.Study the influence of building characteristic parameters on lightning activity with these data.The results showed that high buildings had obvious protective effect on low buildings,and there was a negative correlation linear relationship between the protection probability and the distance between buildings.There exist a critical protection distance:When high buildings are 300 m high,low buildings are 100 m high,high and low buildings are 50 m long and wide,the critical protection distance is about 100 m;The corner of high buildings can cause stronger electric field distortion,so as to lower buildings.The height of high buildings is positively correlated with the probability of protection,and the distance between buildings is negatively correlated with the distance of protection.In addition,this paper also gived a calculation formula of lightning protection probability for different buildings.

Design and implementation of the intelligent and accurate agrometeorological service platform in Shandong province

LI Yu-hua, CHU Xi, ZHANG Hong, CHE Jun-hui, LI Wen-ke

2021, 60(1): 147-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.030

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In order to meet the needs of modern agricultural meteorological services and establish the accurate service for agrometeorological by user demand-oriented,the intelligent and accurate agrometeorological service platform in Shandong province was developed based on Html5 technology.According to the detailed meteorological needs of users,the accurate information of meteorological indicators was added,the crop meteorological index database and the users meteorological index database were constructed,and the prediction model for the suitability of crops in the whole growth period was established.The platform combined with meteorological real-time data,meteorological early warning and forecast,agricultural forecast and other information,based on the user's location and demand,the production and display of agricultural meteorological service products were realized.Based on LBS and combined the refined forecast technology with WEB GIS technology,the platform has established a “one-to-one”agricultural meteorological service for users.The platform has been widely used in Shandong province.

Genetic transformation method of hairy roots mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes for Pyrus betulaefolia

HAO Zi-wei, DAI Yu-qin, ZHANG Shao-ling, WANG Peng

2021, 60(1): 151-154. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.031

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Pyrus betulaefolia was used as the research material to establish a simple,rapid and efficient method for genetic transformation of pear hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.The expression vector pROK2 containing mCherry gene was introduced into Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599 to infect the seedlings of Pyrus betulaefolia.The function of the expression vector was detected by the three methods,namely,injection of tobacco leaves,routine PCR and stereoscopic fluorescence microscope observation.By transient expression in infected tobacco leaves,it was proved that mCherry could be expressed in plant cells.After infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes infected 34 Pyrus betulaefolia seedlings regenerated hairy roots and the regeneration rate was 85%.Through the identification by PCR,there were 6 of the 34 transgenic plants with positive transgenic hairy roots,with a positive rate of 17.6%.The red fluorescence of mCherry can be observed directly in the transgenic root by stereoscopic fluorescence microscope.In this study,by using the method of Agrobacterium rhizogenes directly infecting Pyrus betulaefolia,the expression of foreign gene in the new adventitious root of pear was successfully realized.This method overcomes the difficulties such as complex genetic background,long childhood,simple operation,high transformation rate and short cycle.It can transform roots stably in a relatively short time,which provides a new tool for pear gene function research and genetic improvement.This work provides a foundation for improving the success rate of genetic transformation of pear trees.

Study on tissue culture and rapid propagation of Ficushirta vahl

CHEN Ying-zhi, HUO Xiu-yi, OUYANG Pu-yue, GAN Feng-qiong, LI Liang-bo, HUANG Rong-shao

2021, 60(1): 155-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.032

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To establish the system of tissue culture and rapid propagation of Ficushirta vahl.The seeds of Ficushirta vahl were used as experimental materials.The media of seed germination,adventitious bud proliferation and rooting were screened by conventional tissue culture technique.The result shows that 1/2 MS+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 6.0 g/L medium without any hormone was suitable for seed germination.The optimum medium of stem proliferation is MS+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 6.0 g/L.Tissue cultured plantlets root easily and the medium composition of 1/2 MS medium without any hormone sucrose 20 g/L+agar 6.0 g/L was good for rooting,The ratio of rooting of Ficushirta vahlcan reach 100%.The results can provide the theoretical and technical support for mass seedling production,germplasm resources preservation and breeding of Ficushirta vahl.

Research on the differences of cost, benefit and risk under different operation modes of rural land

GENG Jun, WANG Zhen-wei

2021, 60(1): 160-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.033

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The rural land management in China can be divided into enterprise management,farmers' professional cooperatives,family farms and farmers' self-cultivation mode.There are obvious differences in production costs,performance and management risks under different land management modes.Through the field investigation in Longfeng town,Enshi city,it is found that in the aspects of performance,production costs and management risks,enterprise management,farmers' professional cooperatives,family farms and self-cultivation are all in turn from high to low.The input cost is positively correlated with income,and the management risk is positively correlated with investment.Therefore,it is suggested that emphasis should be placed on supporting two business models such as farmers' professional cooperatives and family farms.On the premise of retaining the necessary land for self-cultivation,we should guide and encourage the circulation of land,promote large-scale management,and improve the efficiency of land use.

SWOT analysis and countermeasures for the improvement of quality and efficiency of Ankang selenium-enriched tea industry

CHEN Xu-ao, XUE Huan-xia, YAO Xiao-wei, ZHANG Lan

2021, 60(1): 165-168. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.034

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Using the SWOT analysis of enterprise strategic management research,this study analyzed the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats of the development of Ankang selenium-enriched tea industry.It is proposed that to improve the quality and efficiency of the industry,it is necessary to strengthen the leading enterprises,promote the large-scale and standardized operation of tea enterprises,strengthen the cooperation of production,teaching and research,cultivate professional and professional tea industry talents,establish Ankang selenium-enriched tea and speed up tea brand integration to promote the the integration of three industries,extend the tea industry chain,dock “the Belt and Road”initiative and develop the tea market.

Research on the coupling and coordination development of tourism and new urbanization in Yichang city

XIE Hui, ZENG Wei, JIANG Wei

2021, 60(1): 169-173. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.035

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Through the construction of tourism and new urbanization evaluation index system in Yichang city,based on the data from 2008 to 2017,using entropy method,coupling coordination degree and other quantitative analysis methods,this study explored the comprehensive development level and coupling coordination status of tourism and new urbanization in Yichang city.The results show that the comprehensive development level of tourism in Yichang city shows a trend of first declining and then rising,the comprehensive development level of new urbanization has been on the rise,and the coupling coordination status has developed from moderate imbalance to primary coupling coordination from 2008 to 2017;The comprehensive development level of tourism has been lagging behind the comprehensive development level of new urbanization from 2010 to 2017.

Research on the evaluation of popular science tourism based on the improvement of public scientific quality

SHEN Hong-jie, ZHAO Lin-long

2021, 60(1): 174-177. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.036

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Popular science tourism is to achieve the purpose of public understanding of science in the form of tourism.Tourism is used as a carrier of communication to promote scientific spirit and popularize scientific knowledge.Based on the needs of tourists,this study selected 20 representative measurement indicators,used factor analysis to extract four factors of popular science tourism evaluation construction,which were science popularization facilities,activities,platforms and personnel.Finally,aiming at the promotion of public scientific quality,some suggestions are put forward from four aspects:Popular science facilities,popular science activities,popular science personnel and popular science platform.

Users satisfaction evaluation of urban slow moving system：Taking Nanming river slow moving system in Guiyang city as an example

HONG Hai-lin, WU Zhi-gang, GUO Wen-xia, QIU Hui

2021, 60(1): 178-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.037

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Slow moving system is a kind of linear space type with special composite function in urban public space.From the perspective of user experience,the evaluation of slow moving system can supplement the theoretical research of slow moving system and provide basis for project practice.Taking Nanming river slow moving system of Guiyang city as the research object,this study investigated and obtained data from users,built a user satisfaction evaluation model with AHP,and used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate.The results showed that the satisfaction of users to the slow moving system of Nanming river in Guiyang city reached the basic satisfaction level;The satisfaction of three project levels was that the environmental traffic was higher than the supporting facilities and higher than the recreational experience;In the index layer,18 evaluation indicators were divided into key improvement indicators,key maintenance indicators,maintenance improvement indicators and follow-up improvement indicators by using importance satisfaction analysis method,and put forward targeted improvement strategies and suggestions.

Study on enclave construction based on regional cooperation in Yangtze River Delta

CUI Guo-xuan, QIN Xian-hong

2021, 60(1): 184-186. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.038

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In recent years,enclave economy as an important mode of regional cooperation has been greatly developed in China,which plays an important role in realizing the complementary advantages of cross administrative regions and promoting the balanced development between regions.Through the extension of enclave economic connotation,this study analyzed the possibility of economic development and regional cooperation mode of enclave to promote regional economic development,and analyzed the existing enclaves in the Yangtze River Delta,and found that the enclave economic development model could greatly enrich the connotation of high-quality regional integration development in the Yangtze River Delta.Because the construction of the enclave is not mature,we must improve the system construction,clarify the organization and leadership,and establish the benefit sharing mechanism to promote its construction.

The relationship between online reviews and purchase intention：Analysis of a moderated mediation model

CHEN You-qing, LI Xiu-fei

2021, 60(1): 187-191. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.039

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In order to clarify the influence mechanism of online reviews on purchase intention,a moderated mediating model was constructed,focusing on the mediating role of perceived risk in the relationship between the two and the moderating role of brand trust.782 subjects were investigated by questionnaire on online comments,purchase intention,perceived risk and brand trust.The results showed that,after controlling gender,occupation and online shopping age,online reviews quality had a positive direct effect on purchase intention.The positive association between online reviews quality and purchase intention was mediated by perceived risk.The direct predictive effect of online review quality and the mediating role of perceived risk in the relationship between the two were moderated by brand trust.

Empirical analysis of agricultural eco-environmental impacts of agricultural subsidy policy

ZHAO Xiao-hong, YANG Jun-xiao

2021, 60(1): 192-196. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.040

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Agricultural subsidies will have an impact on the agro-ecological environment by changing farmers' production decision-making behavior while promoting increased production and income.Based on the survey data of 375 households in Qitai county,this study used multiple regression analysis to analyze the factors affecting the fertilizer application of farmers,and measured the environmental impact of subsidy policy by using the changes in fertilizer use.The results show that agricultural subsidies have a very significant positive impact on the amount of fertilizer input,and the more the subsidy amount,the more fertilizer input.Farmers are more willing to use the subsidy income to increase the input of agricultural products such as fertilizers and pesticides.The subsidies will increase the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers,thus affecting the ecological environment.

Community governance transformation under the background of village to residence reform：A case study of Furun community

WU Qian-ying

2021, 60(1): 197-201. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.01.041

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Under the background of urbanization,in order to improve the efficiency of land use,many rural areas have been removed from villages to live together,and the number of village to community has also been increasing.Village to community is a transitional community between rural community and urban community,which is often accompanied by some difficult governance problems.On the one hand,it is difficult for most residents to adapt to the living environment in the community in a short time,resulting in the phenomenon of spatial urbanization and human urbanization being divorced from each other.On the other hand,residents in village to community have strong heterogeneity,lower trust of residents and insufficient community cohesion.The key to solve the problem of community governance is to change the governance mode of traditional villages,reconstruct the habits of residents by establishing community conventions,create a new type of public space,promote communication among residents,mobilize multiple subjects and realize community co-governance.

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