Table of Content

10 June 2019, Volume 58 Issue 11

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Reviews

Research and prospect of rice blast resistance

ZHAO Xia-xia, WANG Xu-ming, XU Piao, ZHAO Li-na, HU Yan, CHEN Jing-yang, HUANG Yong-xiang, LI Wei, GUO Jiang-fu

2019, 58(11):  5-9.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.001

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Rice blast is one of the most serious diseases causing rice yield loss. To exploring, identifying and screening resistant germplasm resources in rice efficient use of resistant rice varieties to suppress the occurrence of rice blast, solve the obstacles of rice production and acquire blast resistance genes in resistant germplasm resources and their distribution,the research progress of rice blast resistance was reviewed from four aspects that identification of rice blast resistance genes, screening and utilization of resistance resources, inheritance of resistance and mapping of resistance genes. It provides a theoretical basis for the collection of rice blast resistance resources, selection and identification of blast resistance genes, and speeding up the breeding process of rice blast resistance.

Review on diseases and control techniques of Coprinus comatus （Mueller. ex Fr.） S.F.Gray

YU Rong-yan

2019, 58(11):  10-11.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.002

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Coprinus comatus（Mueller. ex Fr.） S.F.Gray is a kind of commonly used edible mushroom, and has a unique taste and flavor, has a high value in medicine and food.The growth rate of Coprinus comatus（Mueller. ex Fr.） S.F.Gray is faster and the cultivation is simple, but its growth process is easy to suffer disease. The disease of Coprinus comatus（Mueller. ex Fr.） S.F.Gray is divided into two kinds： bacterial disease and fungal disease, and the control technology of compost disease is summarized.

Breeding & Cultivation

Genetics and correlation analysis of husks and agronomic traits in sweet corn

ZHANG Li-ping, XIE Fu-gui, FENG Di-nan, GONG Jie, FENG Fa-qiang, GONG Qing-you

2019, 58(11):  12-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.003

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30 sweet corn inbred lines and 26 crosses from them were selected as the materials, 7 agronomic traits and 9 husk traits were identified and analyzed by additive-dominant genetic model. The results showed that the mean squares of all traits except for the width of the longest husk reached significant difference at the 0.05 or 0.01 level. The additive variance ratio was greater than the dominant variance ratio in most traits, and the error variance ratio reached significant at the 0.05 or 0.01 level in all traits. The additive and dominant effect values of agronomic traits and husk traits were predicted in 30 sweet corn inbred lines. The additive effect values of most agronomic traits and husk traits in M06 were positive and significant at the level of 0.05 or 0.01. The dominant effect values of most agronomic traits and husk traits in M06×S85 were positive and significant at the level of 0.05 or 0.01. The correlation analysis showed that fresh weight of ear was positively correlated with net weight of ear, number of leaves above ear, the width ear leaf of dry weight of husks, total area of husks and average width of husks, respectively. Net ear weight was positively correlated with the width of ear leaf and average width of husks, respectively. The correlations between the length of ear leaf and the total area of husks, between the width of ear leaf and dry weight of husks were positively and significant.

Preliminary report on regional adaptability comparison test of different soybean varieties

YAN Liang, CHEN Zhan-peng, JIANG Yan-yan, GE Chang-jun, XU Li-rong, DAI Jun-fei

2019, 58(11):  18-21.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.004

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In order to select suitable soybean[Glycine max（Linn.） Merr] varieties for planting in Huanggang city, Hubei province, the Zhongdou 41 was selected as control, and the growing stages, plant type characteristics, agronomic traits, yield and its components of 9 soybean varieties were compared. The results show that Suike 23, Zudou 20, Xingdou No.5, Sudou No.23 are early maturity varieties, growth period was about 100 days; HD21638, HD21144,Youchun 1204, Meng 0811 and Shangdou 066 are late varieties, growth period was above 110 days. So in actual cultivation, seed selection can be carried out according to stubble changing and other specific conditions. The yield of Zudou 20, Xingdou No.5 increased by 19.5% and 12.2% compared with control respectively, reached statistical significant level, and the whole grain rate of these two varieties was above 86%, so they could be popularized in Huanggang trials.

Analysis on ecological adaptability of different plateau japonica rice varieties in indica rice planting area of Yunnan province

ZHU Zhen-hua, YUAN Ping-rong, LIU Wei-hua, ZOU Qian, KOU Shu-yan, HUANG Wang-qi, ZHAO Guo-zhen, SU Zhen-xi, CHEN Yu-min, SHI Rong

2019, 58(11):  22-25.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.005

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In order to study the ecological adaptability of japonica rice varieties of plateau in local indica rice planting area of Yunnan province, the growth duration, agronomic characters, economic characters, yield and disease resistance of six plateau japonica rice varieties with good-quality, high-yield, resistance to disease and cold tolerance were analyzed by using Yixiang725（hybrid indica rice variety） as control variety. The results showed that japonica rice varieties of plateau could mature safely, and their growth duration was the roughly same level or slightly less than the indica rice variety controt in local indica rice planting area. There was a significant positive correlation between growth duration and yield. The whole growth duration of japonica rice varieties was between 155 and 161 days, and their yield was between 6 939.0 and 10 374.0 kg/hm². The whole growth duration of Yunjing39 was 161 days, which was similar to Yixiang725. In all tested varieties, the yield of Yunjing39 with good comprehensive properties and strong stress resistance was the highest, and was significantly higher than the hybrid indica rice variety control. According to the results, Yunjing39 was suitable for local indica rice planting area. The yields of Chujing28 and Yunjing26 were 9 738.0 kg/hm² and 9 676.5 kg/hm², which were slightly lower than indica rice variety control, but they had a certain application value in local production.

Enlightenment from Xiaozhan rice development experience in Tianjin to Hubei rice industry

ZHANG Jian-she, CAO Peng, LUO Kun, LI Da-yong, LIU Ji-min, TU Jun-ming, SHU Ri-zeng

2019, 58(11):  26-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.006

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Using the development experience analyses of Xiaozhan rice in Tianjin, and combining the actual situation of rice industry in Hubei province, some suggestions for future development of rice industry in Hubei province were put forward.

A brief analysis on the reasons of lodging in the first season of ratooning rice variety Fengliangyouxiang No.1

CHEN Yi, WANG Liang-jun, LUO Bin-bin, YANG Jiao, LIU Xu-hong

2019, 58(11):  28-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.007

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Ratooning rice in Dangyang city, Hubei province, has been developed fromspot planting to adult planting. Ratooning rice variety Fengliangyouxiang No.1 has appeared lodging with all of plants fell on the ground from north to south side when rice was into yellow ripeness stage（15 days before harvest） in five groups of Huyang village, Lianghe Town. Through field investigation, the characters of plants in lodging field and unlodgingfield were measured and analyzed. The results showed that lodging was related to cultivation pattern, throwing transplantation caused lodging easily, and machine planting was resistant to lodging. The occurrence of lodging was directly related to the root neck thickness, the number of overground elongation joints, the number of grains per spike and other factors.

Classification of panicle type and its relationship with grain yield and quality of rice based on grain density in Hubei province

FANG Zhen-bing, WANG Ben-fu, TIAN Yong-hong, CHEN Bo, FAN Bing, ZHAO Sha-sha, PAN Gao-feng

2019, 58(11):  31-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.008

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Using the date of yield components, yield, and rice quality of 74 varieties from the mid-season regional trial summary report in Hubei in 2017, cluster analysis was carried out by grain density, and on the basis of this result the classification standard of grain density were determined by reference to the classification of predecessors. The relationship between grain density and yield was analyzed by regression analysis and variance analysis, and the correlation between panicle type and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in panicle traits among 74 rice（Oryza sative L.） cultivars. The coefficients of variation according to the order from big to small is grain density, 1 000-grain weight, grain number, panicle number, seed setting rate, panicle length. 74 varieties were divided into three types based on the grain density in panicle, including the dense panicle type, the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. The grain density was higher than 7.96 grain/cm for the dense panicle type, less than 6.85 grain/cm for the loose panicle type, and between 6.85 and 7.86 for the semi-dense panicle type. There were significant differences in panicle length, grain number, seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight, grain density among these three type varieties. Yield and grain density showed a typical parabolic relationship（F=17.83,P<0.01）, and the yield reached the highest when the grain density was between 7.5 and 8.5 grains/cm. The appearance quality（chalky grain rate, chalkiness）, milling quality （brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate） and cooking quality （gel consistency, alkali spreading value） of the dense panicle type were better than the loose panicle type and the semi-dense panicle type. Therefore, in order to ensure the high yield and high quality of the new varieties to be selected, it is necessary to control the grain density between 7.5 and 8.0 grain/cm as much as possible.

Resource & Environment

The characteristics of two torrential rains in Wufeng county of Hubei province and their impact on geological disasters

SUN Peng-jie, CHEN Zheng-hong, WAN Li-ming, ZHANG Rong

2019, 58(11):  35-39.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.009

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By comparing the rainstorm and flood disasters in Wufeng county of Hubei province in 2016 and 2017, combined with the field investigation, the characteristics of rainfall during the two rainstorms were analyzed. The results showed that, the rainstorm event in July 15, 2017, rainstorm process was relatively concentrated, and the rainstorm intensity was large, the rainfall in the Wufeng National Weather Station was 126.6 mm. The rainstorm event in July 19, 2016, was mainly distributed and the intensity was large, the rainfall in the Wufeng National Weather Station was 189.3 mm. From the analysis of daily precipitation, the precipitation ranked the fifth in history on July 19, 2016, and the precipitation of Wufeng on July 15, 2017 was only ranked the 19th in history, but on July 15, 2017, the recurrence period of the maximum 2 consecutive hours of precipitation reached 130 years and ranked the first in the historical ranking. That is, Wufeng's rainstorm event in July 15, 2017, belongs to the "Tuzi rain", which was extremely uneven in distribution, and the short-term rainfall intensity was large. According to investigate the precipitation of 10 days before of the two disasters, the results indicated that there was continuous effective rainfall, and the accumulated rainfall in 2016 and 2017 reached 97.4 mm and 116.4 mm, respectively. The continuous rain caused the soil water to reach saturation or near saturation, and further led to debris flow, landslide, collapse under the effect of heavy precipitation in the later period.

Establishment of maximum and minimum temperature forecast models in sunlight greenhouse

ZHANG Ren-zu, ZHANG Li-hua, GAO Ping, LI Ke, ZHANG Pei, WANG Xiao-bin, WU Shi-ming

2019, 58(11):  40-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.010

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To improve the meteorological service for agricultural facilities and reduce the losses resulting from meteorological disasters, the maximum and minimum temperature forecast models were establish through analysis on factors affecting temperature change inside the sunlight greenhouse and using meteorological observations data from inside and outside the sunlight greenhouse. The model takes weather type and season into consideration, hence saving the trouble of establishing models separately according to different weather type and season. The forecast model is easy to use and has clear physical meaning, and it also passed statistical tests with good regression fitting and high forecast accuracy. It can meet the needs of practical use and can be applied to weather forecasting service in disaster prevention, reduction and relief.

Vertical distribution of soil organic matter and its relationship with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in Mountain Lu

JIN Jun-yao

2019, 58(11):  44-46.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.011

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Samples of three types soil （mountain red soil, mountain yellow soil, mountain brown soil） at different altitude in Mountain Lu was collected, and organic matter, total N, available P and available K of different levels soil were analyzed in order to understand the factors affecting soil nutrient content. The results show that the soil nutrient content in Mountain Lu is mainly affected by climate, water, temperature and vegetation, and has obvious vertical distribution. As the altitude rose, organic matter content increased. The content of soil organic matter was positively correlated with the contents of total nitrogen and available potassium, but had no significant correlation with the content of available phosphorus. The total contents of soil nutrients except available phosphorus were high.

Study on phase characteristics of a persistent fog and haze process and its influencing factors in Jinzhou city

LOU Fang-lei, WEN Zhou, SHI Hong-ting, BAI Xue, ZHANG Cui-yan, YANG Gui-juan

2019, 58(11):  47-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.012

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To reveal the transformation mechanism of fog and haze process, the level of air circulation, meteorological elements, concentrations of air contaminants and characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer of a persistent fog and haze process in Jinzhou city of Liaoning province from December 17 to 22, 2016, were analyzed using the conventional meteorological observation data, pollution monitoring data and the sounding data. The results indicate that zonal circulation situation and the steady boundary layer are favorable for haze to occur in terms of circulation features. The change of relative humidity is the transformation condition of fog-haze weather. When the air is not saturated, with the growth of humidity, pollutants increases, and the haze process intensifies; when the air is saturated, pollutant particles are activated to form fog droplets, completing the process of haze transformation into fog. A strong inversion layer and the stable atmosphere keep the haze. Thickness of mixed layer is a negative correlation with pollutant concentrations, the thinner the thickness of mixed layer is, the higher the pollutant concentrations are, and the visibility will be worse. At the same time, the change of the visibility and pollutant concentrations lagged behind the thickness of the mixed layer, and the thickness of the mixed layer of haze was larger than the fog was generated. By analyzing the tumble effect in the V-3θ diagram, anti-clockwise turns into clockwise when fog turns into haze.

Comprehensive evaluation of urban ecological security in Changsha city from the perspective of index correlation degree and contribution degree

AI Yuan-qiao, ZHU Hong-mei, TAN Xue-lan

2019, 58(11):  56-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.013

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Based on the statistical data of Changsha city from 2007 to 2016, 20 indicators were selected to construct the evaluation system of ecological security in Changsha from three aspects, including the pressure of ecological security, the status of urban expansion and economic development, and the social and ecological response. The main factors affecting ecological security were analyzed from the angle of correlation degree and contribution degree. The results showed that, in the last ten years, the ecological safety value of Changsha city fluctuated year by year and showed a trend of improvement as a whole. There were some indexes with high correlation with ecological security, such as per capita GDP, urbanization level, harmless disposal capacity of domestic waste, etc. Although there were differences in the main contribution indexes affecting ecological security in each year, they were mainly concentrated the per capita urban green space area and industrial dust removal, etc. Therefore, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as attaching importance to green land construction and pollution control, improving resource utilization efficiency, people-oriented, and enhancing the participation of residents in the protection of ecological security.

The variation characteristics of human comfort index in Shaoshan from 1988 to 2017

MENG Lei, SANG You-wei

2019, 58(11):  61-66.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.014

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In order to provide scientific basis for the utilization of red tourism resources in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, daily meteorological data from 1988 to 2017 were selected to analyze the variation characteristics of local human comfort index by calculating the guaranteed rate, climatic tendency rate and trend testing and mutation detection of Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that Shaoshan presented comfortable characteristics as a whole, the maximum number was the annual average comfortable days, the second was the cold uncomfortable days, the minimum number was the thermal uncomfortable days, and the days of the cold and hot grades were very few, no extremely hot conditions. However, in the past 30 years, the annual average human comfort index had increased significantly, although the days of annual comfortable day changed little and the number of cold and hot grades days showed a decreasing trend, but the number of cold uncomfortable days decreased significantly, the end date of the corresponding period was significantly ahead of schedule, and the number of thermal uncomfortable days increased significantly, and the end date of the corresponding period was significantly delayed. The mutation detection further showed that in the first ten years of the 21st century, the trend of change of cold and hot discomfort condition was more significant.

Genetic toxicity of hair coloring creams to root tip cells of Vicia faba L.

XU Yuan-yuan, PENG Xiao-ya, SONG Wen-zhen, TANG Hong-feng, PENG Yan-qiao, YUAN Xi, LI Min

2019, 58(11):  67-69.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.015

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In order to study the genotoxicity of different kinds of hair coloring creams on root tip cells, the micronucleus test technique on the root tip cells of Vicia faba L. was used to investigate the genotoxicity of 3 different kinds of hair coloring creams（T, S and H） of varied concentrations. Micronucleus rate, chromosome aberration rate and pollution indexes were calculated. The results showed that the micronucleus rate of 3 kinds of hair coloring creams were both first increased and then decreased along with the increasing of the treated concentration. The dye concentrations of the peak number of micronuclei of 3 kinds of coloring creams was 0.10 g/L （T）, 1.00 g/L （S） and 4.00 g/L （H）. The 3 kinds of coloring creams had a certain genotoxicity under certain concentration ranges. And the chromosome aberration rate was generally positively correlated with micronucleus rate.

Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on rhizosphere microorganism and enzyme activities of lettuce

DU Lei, CHEN Gang, WANG Su-ping, HONG Juan, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Li-hong, YE Li-xia, ZHANG Gui-you, LIAN Zhi-cheng

2019, 58(11):  70-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.016

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A potting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on rhizosphere soil microorganism and enzyme activities at different growth stages of lettuce（Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort.） under four application levels of calcium-superphosphate. The results showed that the microorganism quantity and enzyme activity were regular change with growth periods of lettuce, they were reached a maximum in the rosette stage and declined in the harvest time, the least was the seedling stage. The effects on rhizosphere bacteria and actinomycetes, and enzyme activities increased progressively with application levels of calcium-superphosphate during the same period, which was the best under 0.060 g/kg application levels of calcium-superphosphate. However, it had no stimulative effect when the application level of calcium-superphosphate was 0.120 g/kg. On the contrary, the number of soil fungi had a reverse rule. So the appropriate phosphate and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria application with the lettuce microorganism quantity and enzyme activity were positive effect, and created a good micro-ecolobical environment for the growth of lettuce.

Horticulture & Local Products

The effects of different pruning degree on the growth of new shoots of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.

CHEN Yao-bing, LIU Han-zhen, ZHENG Xiao-jiang, YUAN Bing-wu

2019, 58(11):  75-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.017

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Taking Idesia polycarpa Maxim. as research object, four kinds of pruning experiments were carried out including extremely heavy short section, heavy short section, medium short section and light short section. The results showed that the order of shoots number from less to more was extremely short, heavy short, medium short and light short, and there were significant differences among the four treatments. The order of new tip length from long to short was extremely heavy short section, heavy short section, medium short section and light short section. The largest number of new tip blades was the midium short section treatment, which is significantly different from the other three treatments. There was no significant difference among extremely heavy short section, heavy short section and light short section.

Study on substitute cultivation of Plearotus ostreatus by ramie（Boehmeria nivea L.） sticks

LI Yang-hong, LI Xiang-cai, GUO Xi-long, ZHANG Yuan-lin, PENG Ding-xiang, LIU Li-jun

2019, 58(11):  78-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.018

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Taking Pleurotus ostreatus black-380 as materials, ramie（Boehmeria nivea L.） sticks and cotton seed hull mixed in proportion, the conventional formulation was as control, P. ostreatus was cultivated in autumn and the mushroom management was by layer, the feasibility on substitute cultivation of P. ostreatus by ramie（Boehmeria nivea L.） sticks was explored, and the yield of P. ostreatus, agronomic traits and nutritional quality of all the formulas were analyzed. The results showed that the yield, fruit-body size and output-input ratio of each formula containing ramie sticks were better than the control, and the highest yield was obtained by formula T₂（ramie sticks, cotton seed hull, bran and gypsum content was 59%, 19%, 21% and 1%, respectively）. The nutritional quality of P. ostreatus had no significant difference between the formula containing ramie sticks and the contrast. The carbon content and nitrogen content of ramie sticks formula were lower than those of the control. There was a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen content of substrate and the growth cycle index of P. ostreatus. This study can provide new material sources and technical support for P. ostreatus production, and meet the requirements of high yield, economic, practical and safe cultivation, and also open up a new field for the comprehensive utilization of hemp bone.

Preliminary study on the technology of zero-generation breeding of hybrid Gastrodia elata Blume in Shiyan city

FENG Hai-dong, JIN Shan-zhong, ZHOU Ming, ZHANG Zhen, QIN Guang-ming, YUAN Xiu-hua, LI Kun, SI Hai-qian, ZHOU Jun, ZHANG Ze-zhi

2019, 58(11):  83-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.019

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This paper mainly introduced the technology of zero-generation production and breeding of Hubei Gastrodia elata Blume No.1, No.2 and Yihongyou No.1 in Shiyan city, which would provide the reference for the peasants.

Effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum on phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of loquat seedlings under cadmium stress

SHI Jun, XIANG Zu-fen, LIU Ding-you, HUANG Ting-you, LIAO Ming-an, LIN Li-jin

2019, 58(11):  87-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.020

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To study the effects of intercropping with post-grafting generation of Solanum photeinocarpum on nutrients absorption of loquat[Eriobotrya japonica（Thumb.） Lindl.] under cadmium stress, four post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum were intercropped with loquat seedlings（Dawuxing and Chuanzao） in cadmium contaminated soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of intercropping on phosphorus and potassium nutrients absorption of two plant species. Intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of loquat seedling showed that, compared with the order was monoculture, intercropping could significantly improve the phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake of loquat seedling, and total phosphorus contents increased by 8.65%~96.49% and 9.65%~97.37%, total potassium contents increased by 5.74%~45.92% and 9.68%~52.42%. Post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on total phosphorus and total potassium contents have been improved to different extent; Compared with the order was monoculture, intercropping could significantly improve the soil available phosphorus content, but intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available phosphorus content of Dawuxing loquat seedling lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also significantly improve the soil available potassium content, and intercropping with post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum on soil available potassium content of Dawuxing loquat seedling was lower than the Chuanzao loquat seedling; Intercropping could also improve the soil invertase activity, urease activity and catalase activity. So the post-grafting generation of S. photeinocarpum intercropping with loquat seedlings was a reasonable collocation method under cadmium stress, which could promote the two kinds of plants absorption of nourishment.

New cultivars of Lagerstroemia Zhie Zhizhi Fen and Honghuan Fenjing

WANG Ye-she, CHEN Li-jun, YANG Xian-jun, DUAN Lin-dong

2019, 58(11):  91-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.021

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New varieties of Lagerstroemia indica Zhie Zhizhi Fen and Lagerstroemia indica Honghuan Fenjing, were selected through collecting widely seeds of various sources and varieties of crape myrtle, developing of mixed seed grow seedlings and using natural hybridization seedling-selection method. Through the clonal genetic stability experiment, the two new varieties of stable genetic traits, wide adaptability, strong resistance, high ornamental value, with excellent ornamental value in summer, has been applied in city landscaping,

Antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Radix Cudraniae

XU Dan-ni, LIANG Yun-zhen, WEI Fang-li

2019, 58(11):  93-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.022

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In order to study the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Radix Cudraniae, taking vitamin C as positive control, the antioxidant activity of total flavones from Radix Cudraniae was determined by different methods, including Fenton reaction, self-oxidation of 1, 2, 3-phentriolassay method and DPPH radical-scavengings. The results show that the flavonoids from Radix Cudraniae have very strong scavenging capabilities for hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and DPPH free radical, their EC₅₀ values are 2.33, 2.15 and 0.27 μg/mL, respectively, and the EC₅₀ of vitamin C scavenging capabilities for hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and DPPH free radical are 12.88, 7.76 and 11.23 μg/mL, respectively.

Animal Science

Comparative analysis of serum albumin between female and male magpie

ZHANG Jun-sheng, LI Na, JIN Zhi-min

2019, 58(11):  97-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.023

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The serum albumin of the male and female magpies （Pica pica） were isolated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel vertical plate electrophoresis. The results showed that the male and female magpie individuals were isolated 20 bands withelectrophoretic mobility from 0.852~0.031, the females were isolated for 18 bands,and the males for 17 bands, among them 15 bands were communal for the females and the males. The bands with the electrophoresis mobility 0.316, 0.063, 0.054 were unique for the females, and the bands with the electrophoresis mobility 0.406, 0.391 were unique for the males. There were significant differences in the band distribution and activity of serum albumin between the male and female magpies individuals.

Effects of mixed microbial additives on pig production performance

LIU Xing-le, BIAN Hong-xing, XU Zhi-yong, LI Li-yun, YANG Qing, CHEN Qiang-wen, WANG Wen-jian

2019, 58(11):  100-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.024

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Pigs were fed with mixed microbial additives to compare growing performance. The result showed that pigs feeding environment was obviously improved, the mortality rate of pigs was reduced by 3.8 percent percentage, and the feed-meat ratio was decreased by 17.11%. The additives can be of great commercial value.

Detection Analysis

Analysis of volatile components in maple concrete

WANG Jian-hua, QIN Rong, LI Xiao-lan, DONG Zhen-shan, WU Bing, HUANG Shan-song

2019, 58(11):  102-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.025

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The volatile components of maple concrete were extracted by solvent extraction and qualitatively and quantitatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 15 chemical constituents were identified in maple concrete, the main components of which were isobutyl phenylacetate （32.13%）, phenylacetic acid （28.53%）, methylcyclopentenolone （24.68%）,5-Hydroxymethylfurfural （7.04%）, methylcyclopentenolone is a characteristic ingredient of maple concrete, with a flavor similar to coffee and caramel. Methylcyclopentenolone, isobutyl phenylacetate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, DDMP, and the like constitute a caramel aroma unique to maple concrete.

Study on extraction method of organic selenium from Ziyang selenium-enriched tea in southern Shaanxi

ZHANG Xue-ling, DANG Yan-yan, SHAO Li-ming, WU Qing-qing, YOU Wen-jiu

2019, 58(11):  104-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.026

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A method for extracting organic selenium from Ziyang selenium-rich tea in Ankang was established. Using the principle of similar solubility, ethanol, ethyl acetate and cyclohexane were selected to extract organic selenium from tea. It was concluded that when pH was 7, ethanol reflux method was the best method for extracting organic selenium. The extraction process was optimized by L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test, and the optimum extraction conditions were determined. The results showed that with 60% ethanol, 70 degree temperature, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶19（g/mL）, heating reflux extraction time of 2 hours, organic selenium extraction in tea is the best.

The selection and applicability research on the diluent for konjac solid beverage microbiological item

QIN Lei-lei, LI Su-yuan, HUANG Long, JIANG Yi-fei, LIU Jian, LUO Ai-ling

2019, 58(11):  107-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.027

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The standard diluent formula of the konjac dietary fiber microbial project was optimized to reduce the viscosity after dilution, improve the fluidity of the sample diluent, increase the uniformity of the sample dilution, ensure the accuracy of the test results. The applicability of the improved diluent was studied through comparative experiments. the diluent consisting of glycerol at the concentration of 30%~40% and NaCl at the concentration of 0.85% had the best effect, and the time of maintaining good fluidity of the diluent could meet the needs of the experiment. The diluent formula had a good applicability in the detection of related items.

Agricultural Engineering

Design and engineering demonstration of ecological restoration project of black stinky bang

JI Guo-lin, TANG Run-zhi, ZHOU Xin-cheng, TAO Qin-feng, ZHANG Wen-yi

2019, 58(11):  112-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.028

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The use of "'three clearance'+plant ecological restoration+pipeline decontamination" project management Changzhou a town area Black Stinky bang （5 rivers Bang）. Clean up the silt, garbage and weeds in the river through the'three removal 'process. The artificial cofferdam stores and dries the silt, and uses the silt for crop planting, which realizes the reuse of N and P nutrients in the silt. The ecological slope protection system constructed by the use of wet-resistant tree species can intercept and reduce pollutants. A three-dimensional plant ecological restoration model was constructed by using the plants, floating plants and submerged plants to absorb N, P and other pollutants in the river. After 1 years of operation, the test results show that 5 rivers eliminate the phenomenon of black odor, water transparency is high, COD, ammonia nitrogen, TP, permanganate index, dissolved oxygen, transparency and other water quality indicators have reached the surface water environmental quality standards（GB3838-2002） in the Ⅳ category standards. This method is a good method suitable for the treatment of black smelly river in the villages and towns of southern Jiangsu, and realizes the ecological restoration and ecological natural succession of the water environment of the vein river, which has the function of engineering demonstration and the value of application and popularization.

Design of low power alarm system for automobile battery based on LM741

LIU Fang, LIN Su-min, SHAN Yu-yang

2019, 58(11):  118-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.029

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Taking battery as the research object， this paper puts forward the design of low power alarm system of automobile battery based on LM741， and analyzes the system composition and working principle of low power alarm device. The design scheme is proved to be correct and feasible， which can be used for reference for the subsequent battery management.

Design of irrigation and drainage engineering during land consolidation in water-saving park

WANG Han, JIA Yi-zhen

2019, 58(11):  121-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.030

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With N city B water-saving park land consolidation as an example, this paper introduces the water-saving park in land consolidation planning and design method of irrigation and water conservancy and related hydraulic calculation, mainly including： the selected water irrigation and irrigation pipe irrigation methods, channel drainage; Determine the micro-sprinkler irrigation system, carry out the preliminary design and related hydraulic calculation of high efficiency and water saving irrigation project. In this way, land use efficiency and land consolidation quality can be improved through the construction of irrigation and water conservancy projects.

Economy & Management

Evaluation of China's provincial agricultural modernization level and spatial Kuznets fitting with urbanization

BAI Yao, LIU Zhong-lan

2019, 58(11):  125-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.031

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Using the data of China's provincial agricultural modernization and urbanization from 2007 to 2016, the principal component analysis was first used to measure the agricultural modernization score; then the spatial autoregressive test of agricultural modernization and urbanization was used to verify the relationship and fit the library. The Kuznets curve explores the trends in the impact of urbanization on agricultural modernization. The results showed that, in the past ten years, the level of China's provincial agricultural modernization has been significantly improved, and the spatial autoregression is strong; the relationship between urbanization and agricultural modernization has a smooth“N” shaped curve with strong positive influence, which can be come into the following three conclusions according to the trend of the curve. Firstly, the distribution of the Chinese provinces on the Kuznets curve is scattered and the gap is large. Secondly, urbanization has a positive impact on agricultural modernization;Finally, to improve the level of agricultural modernization, it should be combined with the inter-provincial action and its own positive development, and pay attention to the role of urbanization in the different stages of agricultural modernization.

Research on the coordination path of agricultural products logistics and agricultural economic growth

SONG Qian

2019, 58(11):  131-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.032

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Agricultural product logistics, as the connection point of production, supply and marketing, can promote agricultural economic growth based on the synergy and symbiosis of all related links in the agricultural industry chain. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, from the perspective of the symbiosis of the agricultural industry chain, the synergy mechanism between agricultural product logistics and agricultural economic growth is explained. And using the coupling correlation degree model, the coupling and coordination level is measured based on the panel data from 2008 to 2017 to explore the path of coordinated development of agricultural product logistics and agricultural economy growth.

Analysis of knowledge graph of cultivated land quality research in China

HOU Lei, DUAN Jian-nan, LI Ping, LI Ting, ZHANG Xia

2019, 58(11):  135-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.033

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The quality of cultivated land is related to the problem of cultivated land productivity and food security in China. The study of cultivated land quality is an important issue in the study of land discipline. Using CiteSpace to visualize 996 articles from 1998 to 2018, explore the research center words and emerging words information, research hotspots and evolution trends, the knowledge map of current cultivated land quality research is obtained. The results showed that the research on domestic cultivated land quality can be divided into four periods. After 2007, the number of publications increased sharply. “Land use and cultivated land protection” is the most research direction. The subject of cultivated land quality research is generally carried out around national policies in different periods. The current research hotspot is “spatial difference, supplementary cultivated land and space-time pattern” of cultivated land quality; the research trend of cultivated land quality shows obvious connectivity, and the comprehensive quality concept of cultivated land is gradually applied in the current research. It is suggested that the basic theoretical research on cultivated land quality should be strengthened in the future to identify the key elements of cultivated land quality, and the role of scales in the quality management of cultivated land should be paid attention to.

Research on agricultural product packaging design under silk road regional culture

XIN Lu-juan

2019, 58(11):  141-143.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.034

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Under the background of the national "Belt and Road" initiative to form an international influence, the importance of regional agricultural product packaging design was expounded from the aspects of highlighting the functional characteristics of agricultural products, increasing the cultural connotation of agricultural products, and realizing the organic interaction between products and regional culture. Aiming at the development status of agricultural product packaging design under the new silk road regional culture, suggestions on cultural packaging, brand building and market-oriented agricultural product packaging design are put forward.

Research on internal control,commercial credit and debt cost

NIE Zhi-ping, WU Meng-zhi

2019, 58(11):  144-149.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.035

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According to the information asymmetry theory and contract cost theory, the data of China A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2015 is taken as a research sample, and the impact of commercial credit on debt cost and internal control on the relationship between them is empirically tested. The results show that the corporate commercial credit has a significant positive correlation with the debt cost incurred in order to obtain funds from the fund supply side; the effective internal control of the enterprise has a weakening effect on the positive correlation between the commercial credit and the debt cost. Therefore, enterprises with capital needs can achieve the purpose of reducing debt costs by reasonably controlling their own commercial credit levels. When commercial credit cannot be reduced, they can also use the effective internal control of enterprises to achieve mitigation effects.

Research on the optimization of agricultural products export structure in Shaanxi under the background of "Belt and Road"

FENG Ju-jun

2019, 58(11):  150-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.036

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The grey relational analysis method is used to construct the grey correlation coefficient matrix of 14 major export agricultural products in Shaanxi province and sort the relevance of major agricultural products exported in Shaanxi Province, based on which the proposal of optimizing the export structure of agricultural products in Shaanxi province under the background of "Belt and Road" was put forward.

Thoughts on the establishment of advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products of Chinese medicines in Enshi prefecture

SUN Yuan-peng, YUAN Zhi-yang, LIU Yu-si, XIONG Wan-zhen, SUN Zhi-guo

2019, 58(11):  154-158.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.037

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The creation of a special agricultural product advantage zone is a major decision-making arrangement of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. It is an important innovative measure to further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side and the high-quality development of agriculture, the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the prosperity of the rural characteristic industries. On the basis of introducing the origin and progress of the characteristic agricultural product superiority area, the general situation of the Chinese traditional agricultural products superiority area of Chinese herbal medicines are analyzed. The resources and industrial advantages of Chinese herbal medicines in Enshi Prefecture are studied. The strategy for the establishmnet of the dominant areas of national and provincial specialty agricultural products is discussed, and 10 suggestions are put forward.

Research on the decision mechanism of consumer logistics product selection behavior in cross-border e-commerce

SONG Qian

2019, 58(11):  159-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.038

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Logistics product selection behavior is a typical multi-attribute decision-making problem, which can reflect the characteristics of consumer behavior preferences and has an important impact on the optimization of logistics services. Combined with theory of reasoned action（TRA）, the logical process of consumer logistics product selection behavior decision-making is explained, and consumers types are divide based on risk preference. Taking the logistics price, time, security, reliability, convenience are selected as the attribute set of logistics products, determining the weight by information entropy and the preference weight on each attribute through utility objective function, and the optimal decision-making scheme is solved by Electre method. Based on this, the decision-making mechanism of consumers choice behavior is revealed from a qualitative perspective, thus guiding consumers to choose the best logistics product service scheme.

The necessity and implementation suggestions of promoting “Mountain Products” certification in China's mountainous agriculture and animal husbandry industry

LIU Yu-jia, ZHANG Hao

2019, 58(11):  163-166.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.039

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On the basis of introducing the experience of Switzerland, Italy, France in the standard setting, certification and labeling of agricultural products in mountainous areas,the current situation and problems of the development of China's agriculture and animal husbandry industry were analyzed,the necessity of promoting "mountain product" certification in China's mountainous agriculture and animal husbandry industry was pointed out and proposed implementation suggestions,including formulating certification standards for mountain agriculture and animal husbandry products,dividing the different mountain types by two dimensions of entering the market and obtaining servic,according to the ecological potential of agriculture and animal husbandry, which could promote the development of agriculture and animal husbandry industry in a targeted way and promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries on the basis of development of mountain farming and animal husbandry.

Rural Revitalization

A study on the model of self-organization and mutual aid for the aged in rural areas：Taking Jiaocheng county of Luliang as an example

YAN Jia-liang, SONG Qi

2019, 58(11):  167-171.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.040

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Taking Jiaocheng county of Luliang city of Shanxi province as an example, using the questionnaire survey of households, the old-age supportive status of rural elderly are analyzed from the aspects of gender and age, daily entertainment, main economic sources and companion needs. The necessity and feasibility of the rural self-organized mutual aid pension model in Luliang area are put forward; and the proposal of developing self-organized mutual aid pension in the poverty-stricken mountainous area of Luliang, Shanxi is proposed.

Value analysis of rural traditional adobe housing tourism resources：Taking Jianmen ancient Shudao area as an example

WANG Ke-jun

2019, 58(11):  172-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.041

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In order to explore the value of rural traditional adobe housing tourism resources, taking Jianmen ancient Shudao area as an example, 102 researchers were invited to evaluate the value of traditional adobe housing tourism resources in the district. Then the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to quantitatively analyze the evaluation results. The results show that the adobe house is a rural tourism resource with unique regional characteristics. The value of "retaining the homesickness" is particularly obvious. The tourism resources of the adobe house in Jianmen ancient Shudao area have good comprehensive value. The main types are tourism development value, potential social and economic value, and tourism development value is particularly obvious. Among the 22 indicators, the values of "retaining homesickness", emotional records, special features, special accommodations, market space, attracting green tourism investment, and promoting urban and rural exchanges to enhance recognition are obvious. However, the value of aesthetic appreciation, characteristic leisure and scientific research science and education is low.

Dynamic adjustment：practical dilemma and improvement path of precision poverty alleviation：Take S county of Anhui province as an example

WU Er, YUAN De-juan

2019, 58(11):  178-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.042

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Precision poverty alleviation is a smart plan to deal with rural poverty in the new era of China. It is also a systematic project. However, due to the deviation of understanding of the policy, the local government and grass-roots organizations look at the national poverty alleviation policy from a static perspective, which leads to many problems in the implementation of the policy, which makes the actual effect difficult to achieve the expected objectives of the policy. The implementation of any one policy needs to be constantly adjusted according to the reality situation to make up for the implementation bias.Through the investigation of the implementation effect of the precision poverty alleviation policy in S county of Anhui Province, it is found that there are difficulties in precision poverty alleviation before dynamic adjustment, and the practice of precision poverty alleviation policy implementation and adjustment in S county is analyzed by using dynamic poverty theory, and poverty alleviation experience which has feasibility and generalization is summarized.

Construction of service-oriented grassroots government in rural land circulation

CHEN Xiu-ping, ZHAO Ya-nan

2019, 58(11):  182-185.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.043

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The service-oriented grassroots government in the transfer of rural land in China has necessity,but in the process of rural land transfer in China, the service-oriented grassroots government is often in the absence of a state. The main reasons for this analysis are the imperfect legal system of land transfer, the dual interest attribute of the grassroots government and the low level of public service. Based on China's development reality, the construction of a service-oriented grassroots government should promote the reform of the "three-right Separation" of rural land and the realization of the goal of rural revitalization by improving relevant legal systems, smoothing the channels for supervision of grassroots governments, and setting up special working groups for grassroots governments.

Research on optimization strategy of agricultural economic management under the strategy of rural vitalization

KONG Yan-ni

2019, 58(11):  186-188.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.044

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The rural revitalization strategy is an important measure to solve the rural development dilemma in the new era. Agricultural economic management is the core of China's rural economic development and a key force in promoting rural revitalization strategy. By combining the relevant theories of agricultural economic management, the new goals and new tasks of agricultural economic management in the new era were discussed, the core problems existing in the development of agricultural economic management in China at present were analyzed and the optimization strategies of agricultural economic management were put forward.

Protection of Duotian agricultural cultural heritage and tourism development

YU Jing

2019, 58(11):  189-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.045

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Duotian, located in Xinghua city, Jiangsu Province, is a precious agricultural heritage left by the ancient Chinese working people.At present, the local government realizes the dynamic protection of the farming system in the form of tourism development, rediscovering the cultural, economic and social value of the farming system in the process of tourism development, thus strengthening the relationship between people and the farming system. However, there are still some problems in the current tourism development, which leads to the low degree of agreement between the objectives of tourism development and the protection of agricultural heritage. In the process of developing stacking fields, we should stand at a higher level of protecting agricultural and cultural heritage and combine the profit-making purpose of tourism with the protection of stacking fields.